Hystrix-Italian Journal of Mammalogy最新文献

{"title":"Similarities between lions and sympatric carnivores in diel activity, size and morphology","authors":"I. Greco, Maddalena Chizzola, C. Meloro, L. Swanepoel, D. Tamagnini, F. Dalerum","doi":"10.4404/HYSTRIX-00434-2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4404/HYSTRIX-00434-2021","url":null,"abstract":"Temporal separation in diel activity between species can be caused either by different realized niches or by competition avoidance. Morphologically similar species tend to have similar ecological niches. Therefore, morphological similarities among sympatric species may be related to both overlap in diel activity and possibilities for competition. In carnivores, competition is often strong and asymmetric. Africa contains one of the most species rich carnivore assemblages in the world, where the African lion ( Panthera leo ) is dominant wherever it is present. Using camera trap data on South African carnivores, we evaluated how overlap with lions in diel activity related to similarities to lions in body mass, skull and long bone morphology. We found a positive association between overlap in diel activity with lions and similarities in log body mass, but we only observed this association using dry season activity data. We found no associations between overlap in diel activity with lions and similarities in either long bone or skull morphology, nor did we find associ- ations between differences in overlap in diel activity within species between one reserve with and one without lions and morphological similarity with lions. Our results suggest that niche utiliza- tion rather than avoidance of lions dictated carnivore diel activity, although we acknowledge that lion avoidance could have been manifested in spatial rather than temporal separation. Our study supports recent suggestions of context dependencies in the effects of apex predator presences.","PeriodicalId":55036,"journal":{"name":"Hystrix-Italian Journal of Mammalogy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83988889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three decades later in the northern Kruger National Park: multiple acoustic and capture surveys may underestimate the true local richness of bats based on historical collections.","authors":"Erin R. Brinkley, Sina M. Weier, D. Parker, P. Taylor","doi":"10.4404/HYSTRIX-00319-2020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4404/HYSTRIX-00319-2020","url":null,"abstract":"The Kruger National Park (KNP) is considered an important biodiversity hotspot, with insecti- vorous bats representing about twenty percent of the total mammalian diversity of South Africa. Historically, 40 bat species have been documented in the northern region of the Park between 1960 and 1990. However, it has been three decades since the last comprehensive assessment. To aid the long-term monitoring of bats within KNP, our study re-surveyed the bat community of north- ern KNP over two years , incorporated the latest acoustic technologies, compared changes in bat species richness with historical data, and tested the use of an automated classifier for the acoustic data. We captured bats and recorded echolocation calls at 26 sites ), between March and October in 2017 and 2018. Kaleidoscope Pro software was used to identify each bat call series recorded. To enhance the accuracy of this tool, a northern KNP-specific classifier was developed. We recorded 27 distinct species during this study, of which 13 were live-captured. The historical data therefore show a much higher richness of bat species within the study area (40 species) than recorded during our study (27 species), although the former were collected over a much longer period of time dur- ing numerous collecting trips by staff of the former Transvaal Museum (Ditsong National Museum of Natural History). Total sample effort, environmental effects, biological aspects and overall study limitations likely contributed to the observed differences. The classifier tool had a relatively high percentage accuracy (80%) but manual identification was required to avoid the misidentification of rare species and to detect new species not previously recorded. Future studies should focus more effort on live-capturing, given the high species richness of the region and the limitation of bat de- tectors to record high frequency and low intensity echolocation calls, which are common in many southern African species.","PeriodicalId":55036,"journal":{"name":"Hystrix-Italian Journal of Mammalogy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78363284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence of false killer whales Pseudorca crassidens pod in the Ligurian Sea and review of Mediterranean records","authors":"Giulia Calogero, Elia Biasissi, Martina Bottaro, A. Capone, B. Violi","doi":"10.4404/HYSTRIX-00428-2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4404/HYSTRIX-00428-2021","url":null,"abstract":"We report the sightings of false killer whales Pseudorca crassidens in the Ligurian Sea in Septem- ber 2020. A list of 45 records from other sightings, bycatching and strandings is presented. This species is classified as “visitor” in the Mediterranean because of occasional sightings but a lack of breeding records. However, the last sightings in the 2019-2020 with juveniles and calves suggest that this species may reproduce within the Mediterranean. Further studies are needed to improve our knowledge on distribution and movement of the false killer whales.","PeriodicalId":55036,"journal":{"name":"Hystrix-Italian Journal of Mammalogy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80502601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reappearance of the Eurasian beaver Castor fiber L. in Tuscany (Central Italy): the success of unauthorised releases?","authors":"Chiara Pucci, D. Senserini, Giuseppe Mazza, E. Mori","doi":"10.4404/HYSTRIX-00445-2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4404/HYSTRIX-00445-2021","url":null,"abstract":"In this short report, we documented the reappearance of the Eurasian beaver Castor fiber L. for the first time in Tuscany (Central Italy). After the detection of unequivocal signs of presence, we confirmed the occurrence of beavers through camera trapping. Genetic analyses (cytochrome-b mitochondrial gene) and hair microstructure confirmed it as the Eurasian species. The reports given here extend the current known range about 530 km south to the known extent of occurrence of this species. The presence of a relict population in this area is almost unlikely, despite being quite far from the nearest village; we therefore may suggest that the individuals occurring in Tuscany may be theresultoflocalunauthorizedreleases. though at least two individuals are suspected to occur, based on body size. Apart from records of adult individuals, the presence of at least one juvenile suggests that reproduction in the wild may have occurred in 2020. Immediate actions should be promoted to monitor potential expansion, preserve this population, and/or to limit impacts on ecosystems and conflict with human activities.","PeriodicalId":55036,"journal":{"name":"Hystrix-Italian Journal of Mammalogy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76719008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The cost of living in the city. Causes of incidents with mammals and factors that influence their frequency in Warsaw.","authors":"Adrianna Jakubiak, D. Klich","doi":"10.4404/HYSTRIX-00426-2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4404/HYSTRIX-00426-2021","url":null,"abstract":"Numerous wild species have managed to adapt to the specific conditions of the urbanized environ- ment. Wild animals take advantage of the microclimate conditions and the available hiding places or food; however, they are also exposed to various risks in this environment. The aim of this study was to determine the causes of incidents between wild mammals and human infrastructure and activity in the city of Warsaw and to evaluate the effectiveness of an animal rehabilitation center. The second aim was to assess the factors (weather and land cover) that influence incidents involving wild mammals in Warsaw. We found that human infrastructure and activity cause most of the wild mammal incidents in the city. The frequency of small mammal incidents in Warsaw was dependent on the weather, mainly the ambient temperature. The proportion of built-up areas was usually as- sociated with the number of such incidents. This relation was positive for species that tend to live in cities, and it was negative for species that avoid human proximity.","PeriodicalId":55036,"journal":{"name":"Hystrix-Italian Journal of Mammalogy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75941702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A shot in the dark: White and infrared LED flash camera traps yield similar detection probabilities for common urban mammal species","authors":"D. J. Herrera, S. Moore, Valentine Herrmann, W. McShea, M. Cove","doi":"10.4404/HYSTRIX-00429-2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4404/HYSTRIX-00429-2021","url":null,"abstract":"Acknowledgements We wish to thank Tyler Flockhart, Lauren Lipsey, Erin Robinson, and Sam Decker for their administrative assistance throughout the project, Justin Belsley, Claire Bresnan, Elly Grant, Neha Singh and Sam Newkirk for their assistance in data collection, and Jen Zhao, Haydee Hernandez-Yanez, Helen Bontrager, Ashley Whipple, Johnny Stutzman, Ben Ranelli, Emily Renkey, and Jamie Fetherolf for their assistance with data processing and storage. Major financial support was provided by: PetSmart Charities, American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, The Humane Society of the United States, Humane Rescue Alliance, Winn Feline Foundation, Maddie’s Fund, Cat Depot and B. Von Gontard. Abstract","PeriodicalId":55036,"journal":{"name":"Hystrix-Italian Journal of Mammalogy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75387091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of bear’s rub trees by mesocarnivores","authors":"C. Tattoni, F. Rovero, N. Bragalanti, C. Groff, M. Ciolli","doi":"10.4404/HYSTRIX-00431-2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4404/HYSTRIX-00431-2021","url":null,"abstract":"1Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie, Alimentari Ambientali e Forestali, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via San Bonaventura 13, Firenze, Italy 2Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Madonna del Piano 6, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy 3Sezione di Biodiversità Tropicale, MUSE – Museo delle Scienze, Corso del Lavoro e della Scienza 3, Trento, Italy 4Servizio Foreste e Fauna, Provincia Autonoma di Trento, Via Trener 3, Trento, Italy 5Laboratorio di Ecologia Forestale, Università degli Studi di Trento, via Mesiano 77, Trento, Italy 6C3A – Centro Agricoltura Alimenti Ambiente, Via Mach 1, San Michele all’Adige (TN), Italy","PeriodicalId":55036,"journal":{"name":"Hystrix-Italian Journal of Mammalogy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84738042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of factors associated with the decline of brown hare abundance in the Vojvodina region (Serbia)","authors":"Z. Ristić, Igor Ponjiger, M. Matejević, M. Kovačević, Nemanja Ristić, V. Marković","doi":"10.4404/HYSTRIX-00334-2020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4404/HYSTRIX-00334-2020","url":null,"abstract":"The decline of brown hare populations has been observed throughout Europe for decades. The situation is similar in Serbia where the brown hare population dropped significantly. Vojvodina region in the northern part of Serbia represents a typical farmland habitat with over 80% of the agricultural area. Over the last decades, there were noticeable changes in agricultural production, climate, and fluctuation of the predator abundance. Therefore we assessed the effect of crops, fox abundance, and climate variables on brown hare using multiple regression analyses for the period of 26 years. The percentage of root crops and alfalfa and clover seemed to have a positive effect while the percentage of meadows and maximum measured summer temperatures had a negative effect on the brown hare population. Other variables didn’t have a significant impact however fox abundance should be taken into account since the population highly increased over the last decade.","PeriodicalId":55036,"journal":{"name":"Hystrix-Italian Journal of Mammalogy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78261817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors influencing gastrointestinal parasites in a colony of Alpine ibex (Capra ibex) interacting with domestic ruminants","authors":"Carcereri Andrea, L. Stancampiano, M. Erica, Sturaro Enrico, Ramanzin Maurizio, Cassini Rudi","doi":"10.4404/HYSTRIX-00393-2020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4404/HYSTRIX-00393-2020","url":null,"abstract":"Parasitic infections in populations of wild herbivores can affect the individual fitness and population dynamics of their hosts. In this study, the ecology of gastrointestinal (GI) parasites was investigated in anAlpine ibex colony of theMarmoladamassif, eastern Alps. Both individual and environmental factors were studied to reveal their relationship with parasite prevalence and burden. In a four-year period, 414 individual faecal samples of ibex were collected on a monthly basis during summer and autumn and were subjected to quali-quantitative examinations for the identification and quantification of oocysts and eggs. Domestic ungulates grazing in the same area were also sampled to investigate the risk of GI parasite transmission. Negative binomial regression models were developed to study the influence of physiological and environmental factors on parasite burdens. The results of the qualitative examination were in agreement with the few data already present in the literature for Alpine ibex, showing high prevalence values for Coccidia and GI strongyles, low values for Cestoda and sporadic presence of whipworms. Higher burdens in kids were found for Coccidia and Cestoda. Analysis of the GI endoparasite community of cattle and sheep suggested a negligible risk of parasite transmission to the Alpine ibex population. The sanitary risk represented by Coccidia and Cestoda in ibex kids and some peculiarities of the endoparasite distribution patterns in the Marmolada ibex population call for future in-depth ecological studies to investigate their influence on the limited growth rate shown by the ibex colony during the last decade.","PeriodicalId":55036,"journal":{"name":"Hystrix-Italian Journal of Mammalogy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85968596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Density and survivorship of the South American coati ( Nasua nasua ) in urban areas in Central–Western Brazil","authors":"W. Barreto, H. M. Herrera, G. Macedo, Andreza Castro Rucco, William de Oliveira Assis, L. Oliveira-Santos, G. Porfirio","doi":"10.4404/HYSTRIX-00386-2020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4404/HYSTRIX-00386-2020","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55036,"journal":{"name":"Hystrix-Italian Journal of Mammalogy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89572584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}