{"title":"Table of Contents May 2025","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TLA.2025.10974371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TLA.2025.10974371","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55024,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Latin America Transactions","volume":"23 5","pages":"362-362"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10974371","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143860832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Automatic Detection of Dynamic Wind Conditions in Mexican California: A Machine Learning-Driven Advancement in Wind Management","authors":"Magali Arellano Vázquez;Marlene Zamora Machado;Miguel Robles Pérez;Oscar Jaramillo Salgado;Carlos Minutti Martinez","doi":"10.1109/TLA.2025.10974369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TLA.2025.10974369","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate detection and classification of wind states is crucial for accurately assessing and predicting wind energy production, fire spread behavior, air quality monitoring, and understanding complex meteorological phenomena. The complex nature of wind necessitates advanced data analysis techniques to extract meaningful patterns from meteorological datasets. This study presents a stochastic wind classification and identification analysis based on a Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) clustering method applied to a case study in La Rumorosa'', Mexican California. By analyzing four meteorological variables (relative humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind speed, and wind direction) over five years, the method automatically identifies distinct wind conditions that can be defined as climate states, including well-known regional phenomena like Santa Ana winds and local orographic winds. Accurate detection of wind states enables better forecasting of wind energy potential at favorable sites, wildfire risk management through predicted fire behavior and monitoring pollutant/allergen dispersal patterns. The proposed approach offers a reliable, computationally efficient method for detecting wind patterns, extending to different geographical regions impacted by diverse wind phenomena.","PeriodicalId":55024,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Latin America Transactions","volume":"23 5","pages":"387-396"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10974369","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143860838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alonso Menéndez-González;Luis Magadán;Juan Carlos Granda Candás;Francisco José Suárez Alonso
{"title":"Fault Detection System for Bearings in Electric Motors using Variational Auto Encoders","authors":"Alonso Menéndez-González;Luis Magadán;Juan Carlos Granda Candás;Francisco José Suárez Alonso","doi":"10.1109/TLA.2025.10974368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TLA.2025.10974368","url":null,"abstract":"Electric motors play a fundamental role in essential industries such as energy, transport and aeronautics, which require efficient maintenance to ensure productivity. Bearings are the most common failure point, making Prognostics and Health Management of this component crucial for Industry 4.0. This paper introduces a Fault Detection System based on Variational Auto Encoders (VAEs) trained exclusively on healthy vibration data from two public datasets. By analysing the resultant Gaussian distributions the system identifies early indicators of faults. This approach overcomes the common challenge of requiring faulty data for training, while also making it applicable to any other dataset. The study reveals an initial degradation stage in the training datasets, a critical oversight in previous studies, providing a more accurate depiction of bearing degradation profiles.","PeriodicalId":55024,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Latin America Transactions","volume":"23 5","pages":"371-379"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10974368","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143860831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A 2.4 GHz Wireless Temperature Sensor with 0.93 C precision designed in 130 nm CMOS technology for Internet of Things applications","authors":"Hugo Dias Gilo;Francisco de Assis Brito Filho","doi":"10.1109/TLA.2025.10974372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TLA.2025.10974372","url":null,"abstract":"Temperature sensors are present in many applications within the context of the Internet of Things, such as monitoring people, equipment, homes, industries, among others. Some of these portable devices need low power consumption, be compact, and have a linearity range for their application. There- fore, this work proposes a wireless temperature sensor developed in 130-nanometer CMOS technology, designed to operate in the 2.4 GHz ISM band. The wireless sensor was developed using exclusively open-source EDA tools and the Skywater 130 nm openPDK. The devices linearity as evaluated between -50C to 200C, demonstrating a maximum inaccuracy of 0.93 C in a range from 12.0 C to 144.0 C, while consuming only 1.6 mW and occupying an area of 0.028 mm, including the RF block. Additionally, this work was compared with sensors reported in the state of the art and its area and maximum error were smaller.","PeriodicalId":55024,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Latin America Transactions","volume":"23 5","pages":"444-450"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10974372","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143860806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alexander Sanchez-Ocampo;Mario R. Arrieta Paternina;Jose M. Ramos-Guerrero;Gabriel E. Mejia-Ruiz;Juan M. Ramirez-Arredondo;Lucas Lugnani;Felix Munguia-Perez;Alejandro Zamora-Mendez;Juan R. Rodriguez-Rodriguez
{"title":"Real-time inertia estimation via ARMAX model representation and synchrophasor measurements","authors":"Alexander Sanchez-Ocampo;Mario R. Arrieta Paternina;Jose M. Ramos-Guerrero;Gabriel E. Mejia-Ruiz;Juan M. Ramirez-Arredondo;Lucas Lugnani;Felix Munguia-Perez;Alejandro Zamora-Mendez;Juan R. Rodriguez-Rodriguez","doi":"10.1109/TLA.2025.10974367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TLA.2025.10974367","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces the real-time implementation with the actual hardware architecture environment (HAE) of an online estimation method that tracks the equivalent time-varying inertia in power systems. The proposed method enables automated and accurate inertia estimation, exploiting the ARMAX model representation and the Teager-Kaiser energy operator (TKEO) disturbance time detector. The effectiveness and high accuracy of the proposed framework are successfully validated in laboratory conditions with actual synchronised measurements from Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) over a real-time emulated New England 39-bus system. The estimate is achieved with a relative error ranging from 0.1% to 7%, even under noisy conditions and atypical measurement values. The literature reviewed does not report any estimation method that is more accurate than the one proposed in this work.","PeriodicalId":55024,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Latin America Transactions","volume":"23 5","pages":"405-414"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10974367","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143860802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"FishEye Matlock: A Random Functional Encoding Mechanism for Secure Location Sharing","authors":"Pedro Wightman;Nicolás Avilán;Augusto Salazar","doi":"10.1109/TLA.2025.11007191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TLA.2025.11007191","url":null,"abstract":"Location tracking is difficult to protect due to the sequential nature of the data and the need for accuracy to offer a proper service and monetize the location information. Homomorphic encryption can partially solve the problem, but it typically has a minimal set of operations that are not feasible for geographical operations. Randomized Functional Encoding (RFE) allows the creation of random keys to decrypt data, according to the user's needs. Now, creating keys that only focus on a portion of the path while protecting the rest of the path has not been proposed in the literature, to the knowledge of the authors. This work proposes a RFE mechanism for Matlock-coded location data, called FishEye Matlock. This technique generates disposable random key matrices that only reveal a desired portion of the path, with the possibility for the user to add random noise to protect the revealed data and to control the amount of noise added to the rest of the path. This allows secure information sharing with particular actors, like law enforcement, so that the information of interest is shared without affecting the user's privacy. The algorithm is tested in two different path scenarios to show the technique's applicability, the level of protection, and the impact of the parameter value selection. Results show that the mechanism can be tailored to generate key matrices for different scenarios: at the lowest value of k, the level of noise reaches several thousands of kilometers of noise along the path, and between 60 and 100 times the level of noise, and with, the highest k value, between 40% to 80% of the maximum distance radius on average at the point of interest, and between 1.1 and 10 times the defined noise level at the path.","PeriodicalId":55024,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Latin America Transactions","volume":"23 6","pages":"452-461"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11007191","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144090774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Table of Contents June 2025","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TLA.2025.11007190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TLA.2025.11007190","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55024,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Latin America Transactions","volume":"23 6","pages":"451-451"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11007190","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144090775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Review of Voltage Distribution on Metal Oxide Surge Arrester and Suggestions for Improvement in High Voltage Applications","authors":"Valsalal Prasad","doi":"10.1109/TLA.2025.11007196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TLA.2025.11007196","url":null,"abstract":"Stray capacitive effect of MOSA may cause non-uniform voltage distribution in both non-conduction and conduction modes. Also, during conduction, there is a delay in operation of arrester, particularly when faced with very fast transient overvoltages (VFTOs). Consequently, there is a necessity to reduce stray capacitive effect for improvement in voltage distribution and reduce delay in response of arrester for VFTOs. One approach is placement of grading rings with appropriate number and size. Numerous researchers have conducted extensive studies on causes of non-uniform voltage distribution, computation of stray capacitances and remedial measures to achieve a more uniform voltage distribution. Further, this investigation holds great significance in polluted environments, damaged arresters and broken sheds, as proper operation of surge arresters relies on environmental conditions, material properties, and shapes of arrester assembly. This paper provides a summary of research conducted by various researchers from the year 1970 and also offers suggestions for further studies of achieving a more uniform voltage distribution and reducing response delay of MOSAs.","PeriodicalId":55024,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Latin America Transactions","volume":"23 6","pages":"479-486"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11007196","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144090769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Juan Carlos Peqqueña Suni;Marina Gabriela Sadith Pérez Paredes;Marcelo Vinicius de Paula;Ernesto Ruppert Filho;Juan Antonio Martinez Velasco
{"title":"Fault Section Identification in Distribution Networks with DFIG and PMSG Generators Using Current Transients","authors":"Juan Carlos Peqqueña Suni;Marina Gabriela Sadith Pérez Paredes;Marcelo Vinicius de Paula;Ernesto Ruppert Filho;Juan Antonio Martinez Velasco","doi":"10.1109/TLA.2025.11007188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TLA.2025.11007188","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a methodology for fault section identification (FSI) in distribution networks with embedded wind power generation. The phase currents are measured only at the distribution substation (DS), using a waveform window of two cycles (one before and one after the fault detection). The proposed approach is divided into two stages: the first stage, Fault Identification (FI), aims to identify whether a short-circuit fault lies on a main feeder or one of the branches effectively addressing the challenge of multiple fault locations that may arise when several branches correspond to the estimated fault point; the second stage, Fault Location (FL), estimates the distance between the DS and the fault location. The algorithm employs discrete wavelet transform (DWT) in combination with artificial neural networks (ANNs). Energy and Relative Energy Entropy, both in per unit (EPU and REEPU), are proposed and calculated from DWT decomposition, with regularization indexes applied to EPU and REEPU. These indexes serve as input to multi-layer ANN models, which work as classifiers for FI and predictors for FL. Various fault scenarios with different fault inception angle, fault type, fault resistance and fault location are simulated using MATLAB software and the IEEE 34-node benchmark feeder as test system. The results demonstrate that the proposed methodology performs effectively the FSI task, achieving an accuracy of up to 95% for FI and a maximum error of 5.2% for FL.","PeriodicalId":55024,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Latin America Transactions","volume":"23 6","pages":"487-496"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11007188","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144090770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Short Term Residential Load Forecasting Using Temporal Weather Based Embedding Stacked LSTMs","authors":"Srinivasa Raghavan Vangipuram;Giridhar A V","doi":"10.1109/TLA.2025.11007195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TLA.2025.11007195","url":null,"abstract":"Resource management is crucial to balance human needs with sustainability, prevent overuse, and preserve natural resources like water, forests, and minerals for future generations. Managing electricity at the root of human usage can be a crucial first step, helping us move toward better resource management and reducing the strain on natural resources. Superior forecasting approaches are needed to determine usage patterns. Accurate predictions can serve as key input to the Home Energy Management Systems (HEMS) mechanisms in optimizing electricity operation, reducing energy waste, and increasing resource utilization. Neural network-based methods are being developed to forecast electricity usage in residential buildings by learning behavioral patterns over time. These approaches leverage historical data to identify trends and predict future consumption, offering a promising direction for more accurate forecasting methods. Although still evolving, they provide a foundation for optimizing energy management by anticipating demand and enabling more efficient resource allocation. However, these approaches primarily rely on historical patterns to predict future electricity usage, often overlooking the impact of daily weather conditions. In this paper, we explore a method that incorporates weather information to enhance electricity usage predictions. We propose a simple Stacked LSTM-based neural network that integrates historical usage data and weather information as learned inputs for more effective electricity usage prediction. Our approach demonstrates improved prediction performance compared to methods that do not account for weather factors and the CNN-SLSTM model. For the BR04 hourly test dataset, our proposed model achieves a 56% and 67% reduction in RMSE compared to the SLSTM with weather and CNN-SLSTM models, respectively.","PeriodicalId":55024,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Latin America Transactions","volume":"23 6","pages":"497-507"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11007195","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144090753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}