Jama-Journal of the American Medical Association最新文献

{"title":"Medical School.","authors":"Amit Majmudar","doi":"10.1001/jama.2024.27704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2024.27704","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54909,"journal":{"name":"Jama-Journal of the American Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":63.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143813031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Personalized Patient Data and Behavioral Nudges to Improve Adherence to Chronic Cardiovascular Medications.","authors":"Jing Yuan, Jing Zhao, Kevin Lu","doi":"10.1001/jama.2025.0691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2025.0691","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54909,"journal":{"name":"Jama-Journal of the American Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":63.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143813036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Personalized Patient Data and Behavioral Nudges to Improve Adherence to Chronic Cardiovascular Medications-Reply.","authors":"P Michael Ho, Thomas J Glorioso, Sheana Bull","doi":"10.1001/jama.2025.0694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2025.0694","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54909,"journal":{"name":"Jama-Journal of the American Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":63.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143812544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Personalized Patient Data and Behavioral Nudges to Improve Adherence to Chronic Cardiovascular Medications.","authors":"Yuan-Yuan Pei","doi":"10.1001/jama.2025.0688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2025.0688","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54909,"journal":{"name":"Jama-Journal of the American Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":63.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143812974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Allusion and Memory-Poetry as \"Neuroscience\".","authors":"Rafael Campo","doi":"10.1001/jama.2025.0464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2025.0464","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54909,"journal":{"name":"Jama-Journal of the American Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":63.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143813023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interventions to Support Breastfeeding: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.","authors":"Carrie D Patnode, Caitlyn A Senger, Erin L Coppola, Megan O Iacocca","doi":"10.1001/jama.2024.27267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2024.27267","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Interventions to support breastfeeding may help individuals and families initiate breastfeeding or breastfeed exclusively or for a prolonged period of time.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To systematically review the evidence on the benefits and harms of breastfeeding interventions to support the US Preventive Services Task Force in updating its 2016 recommendation.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>Studies included in the previous review were reevaluated for inclusion and updated searches in MEDLINE, CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and PsycINFO through June 3, 2024. Surveillance for new evidence in targeted publications through January 24, 2025.</p><p><strong>Study selection: </strong>Randomized clinical trials that evaluated a primary care-relevant intervention designed to support breastfeeding. Of 290 full-text articles reviewed, 90 met inclusion criteria.</p><p><strong>Data extraction and synthesis: </strong>Independent critical appraisal of all provisionally included studies. Data were independently abstracted by one reviewer and confirmed by another.</p><p><strong>Main outcomes and measures: </strong>Child and maternal health outcomes, prevalence, and duration of any and exclusive breastfeeding, and harms related to interventions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ninety trials (N = 49 597) reported in 125 publications were included. The evidence represented individuals from diverse backgrounds and interventions that varied in timing, delivery, and duration. There was limited and mixed evidence on the effectiveness of breastfeeding support interventions on infant health outcomes (10 trials [n = 6592]) and maternal symptoms of anxiety, depression, and well-being (9 trials [n = 2334]). Pooled analyses indicated beneficial associations between breastfeeding support interventions and any or exclusive breastfeeding for up to and at 6 months (any breastfeeding: risk ratio, 1.13 [95% CI, 1.05-1.22]; 37 trials [n = 13 579] and exclusive breastfeeding: risk ratio, 1.46 [95% CI, 1.20-1.78]; 37 trials [n = 14 398]). There was no relationship between interventions and breastfeeding initiation or breastfeeding at 12 months.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>The updated evidence confirms that breastfeeding support interventions can increase the prevalence of any or exclusive breastfeeding up to and at 6 months. Future efforts should focus on how to best provide this support consistently for all individuals making feeding decisions for their infants.</p>","PeriodicalId":54909,"journal":{"name":"Jama-Journal of the American Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":63.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143804896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eating Disorders: A Review.","authors":"Evelyn Attia, B Timothy Walsh","doi":"10.1001/jama.2025.0132","DOIUrl":"10.1001/jama.2025.0132","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Importance: &lt;/strong&gt;Eating disorders are characterized by disturbances in eating behavior and occur worldwide, with a lifetime prevalence of 2% to 5%. They are more common among females than males and may be associated with medical and psychiatric complications, impaired functioning, and decreased quality of life.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Observations: &lt;/strong&gt;Common eating disorders include anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge-eating disorder, and avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder. These disorders may be associated with changes in weight, electrolyte abnormalities (eg, hyponatremia, hypokalemia), bradycardia, disturbances in reproductive hormones (eg, decreased estradiol levels in females), and decreased bone density. Individuals with anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating disorder have high lifetime rates of depression (76.3% for bulimia nervosa, 65.5% for binge-eating disorder, and 49.5% for anorexia nervosa) and higher rates of suicide attempts than those without eating disorders. Anorexia nervosa is associated with a mortality rate of 5.1 deaths per 1000 person-years (95% CI, 4.0-6.1), nearly 6 times higher than that of individuals of the same age without anorexia nervosa; 25% of deaths among individuals with anorexia nervosa are from suicide. First-line treatments for eating disorders include nutritional support, psychotherapy, and pharmacotherapy. Behaviorally focused therapies, including cognitive behavioral therapy, may be effective, especially for bulimia nervosa and binge-eating disorder. Youth with anorexia nervosa benefit from family-based treatment with parental oversight of eating, resulting in a remission rate at 6 to 12 months of 48.6% vs 34.3% with individual treatment (odds ratio, 2.08; 95% CI, 1.07-4.03; P = .03). Fluoxetine and other antidepressants decrease episodes of binge eating in individuals with bulimia nervosa, even in those without depression (fluoxetine vs placebo, standardized mean difference = -0.24 [small effect size; 95% CI, -0.41 to -0.08]). Antidepressants and the central nervous system stimulant lisdexamfetamine reduce binge frequency in binge-eating disorder compared with placebo (antidepressants vs placebo, standardized mean difference = -0.29 [small effect size; 95% CI, -0.51 to -0.06]; lisdexamfetamine vs placebo, Hedges g = 0.57 [medium effect size; 95% CI, 0.28-0.86]). There are currently no effective medications for treatment of anorexia nervosa. Individuals with serious medical or psychiatric complications of eating disorders such as bradycardia or suicidality should be hospitalized for treatment.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions and relevance: &lt;/strong&gt;Globally, eating disorders affect 2% to 5% of individuals during their lifetime and are more common in females than males. In addition to weight changes, eating disorders may cause electrolyte abnormalities, bradycardia, disturbances in reproductive hormones, and decreased bone density, and are associated with increased risk of depr","PeriodicalId":54909,"journal":{"name":"Jama-Journal of the American Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1242-1252"},"PeriodicalIF":63.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143568901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Primary Care Behavioral Counseling Interventions to Support Breastfeeding: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.","authors":"Wanda K Nicholson, Michael Silverstein, John B Wong, David Chelmow, Tumaini Rucker Coker, Esa M Davis, Alicia Fernandez, Ericka Gibson, Carlos Roberto Jaén, Marie Krousel-Wood, Sei Lee, Goutham Rao, John M Ruiz, James Stevermer, Joel Tsevat, Sandra Millon Underwood, Sarah Wiehe","doi":"10.1001/jama.2025.3650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2025.3650","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>The association between breastfeeding and health benefits in children has been previously well established; health benefits have also been found for women who breastfeed. However, breastfeeding rates in the US are relatively modest; as of 2021, 59.8% of infants at age 6 months are breastfed and 27.2% of infants at that age are exclusively breastfed.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) commissioned a systematic review to evaluate the evidence on the benefits and harms of primary care behavioral counseling interventions to support breastfeeding.</p><p><strong>Population: </strong>Adolescents and adults who are pregnant or postpartum, and their infants and children.</p><p><strong>Evidence assessment: </strong>The USPSTF concludes with moderate certainty that primary care behavioral counseling interventions to support breastfeeding have a moderate net benefit.</p><p><strong>Recommendation: </strong>The USPSTF recommends providing interventions or referrals, during pregnancy and after birth, to support breastfeeding. (B recommendation).</p>","PeriodicalId":54909,"journal":{"name":"Jama-Journal of the American Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":63.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143804897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behavioral Counseling Interventions to Support Breastfeeding.","authors":"Rebecca Voelker","doi":"10.1001/jama.2025.4144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2025.4144","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54909,"journal":{"name":"Jama-Journal of the American Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":63.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143804894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engaging Pharmacists in Strategies for Navigating Prescription Drug Costs.","authors":"Ryan Feldman, Zachary Hovis, Megan A Rech","doi":"10.1001/jama.2024.27823","DOIUrl":"10.1001/jama.2024.27823","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54909,"journal":{"name":"Jama-Journal of the American Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1261"},"PeriodicalIF":63.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143588132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}