Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics最新文献

{"title":"STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF THE FEATURES OF THE BREEDING BASE OF CATTLE OF THE VOLYN BEEF BREED","authors":"P. Dzhus, L. O. Dedova, G. M. Bondaruk, N. V. Chop, N. Marchenko","doi":"10.31073/abg.65.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31073/abg.65.05","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. In Ukraine, the Volyn beef breed for a long time occupied the first place of numbers among domestic beef breeds of cattle thanks to the state policy regarding financial support of the breed-creating process and subjects breeding business in animal husbandry for breeding of cattle of domestic breeds. \u0000Reduced interest in the products of specialized beef cattle breeding became an economic precondition for the unprofitableness of agricultural enterprises and the loss of investment attractiveness of this branch, which led to a rapid decrease in the number of total stock. Therefore, for the organization in future work regarding realization the mechanisms of preservation the gene pool, necessary to study the features of the development of the breeding base of the studied breed in the time interval. \u0000The purpose of this work was to analyze quantitative changes in the population of the Volyn beef breed of cattle for the period 2002–2022 years. \u0000Research materials and methods. The study of the quantitative and qualitative composition of the stock carried out based on the results of the annual comprehensive individual rating of cattle of beef breeds. The analysis of the use of bulls in the mating campaign carried out based on the data of the Catalogs of bulls of beef breeds and types for the reproduction of breeding stock in 2002–2022 years and the Catalogs of bulls of beef breeds for natural mating of breeding stock in 2013–2022 years. The results processed by methods of variational statistics using the standard package of programs the Microsoft Excel. \u0000Research results. On the 01.01.2002 year in 3 regions of Ukraine were 11 subjects breeding business in animal husbandry for breeding the Volyn beef breed. \u0000From 2005 to 2010 years it is observed a systematic increase the number of breeding farms and accordingly – the number of stock. \u0000The peak values of the number of agricultural enterprises were marked in 2009 and 2010 years, when the total stock amounted 13.332 and 14.682 heads. Then the number of subjects breeding business in animal husbandry for breeding the Volyn beef breed all the time decreased, and in 2018 year the total stock amounted to only 4.010 heads. \u0000During 2019–2021 years were deprived the breeding status 4 farms and in 2021 year the total stock amounted 2.971 heads. \u0000When analyzing the annual number of bulls, admitted to natural mating, and the load on one sire it was established, that the maximum and minimum number of sires, admitted to natural mating were in 2010 and 2021 years and amounted to 195 and 26 heads accordingly. The limits of values regarding the load on one sire for the mating campaign fluctuated from 26 cows in 2004 year to 59 – in 2015 year. \u0000Since moment the approbation of the Volyn beef breed and until 2002 year were accumulated 454.4 thousand doses of sperm production. \u0000For the period from 2002 to 2011 year the biggest number of genetic material was concentrated in the ACLR \"Kovelplemservice\" – an average o","PeriodicalId":54885,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79366012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"STUDY OF NON-CODING AREAS OF THE DNA GENOME OF DIFFERENT ANIMAL SPECIES","authors":"K. Kopylov, K. Kopylova","doi":"10.31073/abg.65.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31073/abg.65.17","url":null,"abstract":"The introduction to the review article contains information that the genome is the totality of the DNA of a species, that is, the totality of all genes, non-coding regions of nuclear DNA and extrachromosomal genetic material, which includes mitochondrial, plastid DNA, plasmids, etc. An exon is a stretch of DNA within a gene that is translated into a mature matrix RNA (mRNA) molecule by transcription and splicing. They are separated by non-coding sequences (introns), that is, sections of DNA that are part of the gene, but, unlike exons, do not contain information about the amino acid sequence. In many organisms, only a small part of 2%–6% of the total genome sequence encodes proteins, and more than 90% of DNA consists of non-coding DNA sequences, satellite DNA, introns, tandem repeats, transposons, etc.). Non-coding sequences are sections of DNA whose sequence is not translated directly into the amino acid sequence of proteins. \u0000As a research method, the authors declared a systematic approach to the study of factual materials, conducted a study of factual material and generalized their results. \u0000The research results are as follows. The use of genotyping technologies and the use of molecular analysis methods made it possible to obtain an individual characteristic of an individual genotype – a DNA profile. Modern methods of DNA typing of genomes differ in complexity, reliability, and amount of information obtained. The most promising method is the analysis of polymorphism of hypervariable genome sequences, which makes it possible to obtain reproducible, informative profiles of genome fragments. DNA sequences are divided into multilocus (RAPD, AFLP, ISSR) and monolocus (STMS, SNP, SSCP) and others. The study of multilocus markers is based on the use of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The essence of the ISSR-PCR method (Inter-simple-sequence-repeats) is the use of microsatellite loci as primer firing sites that are complementary to microsatellite repeats (4–12 repeat units) and have 1–4 anchors at one 5' or 3' end. Such primers allow the amplification of DNA fragments located between microsatellite sequences. RAPD – markers (Random Amplified Polymophic DNA) – the essence of the method is to conduct a polymerase chain reaction using a primer with an arbitrary sequence of 10–12 nucleotides. For the synthesis of these primers, it is not necessary to know the specific nucleotide sequences of the genome, they must only meet the requirements for the ratio of GC pairs (about 60%) in length. AFLP (Amplified fragment length polymorphism) - amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP markers). The essence of the method is that DNA is treated with a combination of two restrictases. Specific adapters are ligated to sticky ends and the fragments are amplified using primers containing sequences in common with the adapters and 1–3 random bases. The set of resulting fragments depends on the restriction enzyme and primer extensions used. The primers have a fixed","PeriodicalId":54885,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75489441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EFFICIENCY OF USING MALES OF DIFFERENT GENOTYPES AS PARENTAL FORM OF THE CROSS","authors":"T. Yakubets, V. Bochkov","doi":"10.31073/abg.65.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31073/abg.65.14","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Rabbit meat production can be an important element in solving the problem of lack of dietary protein for the growing human population all over the world, especially in developing countries. Compared to other types of animals, the advantage of rabbits is that rabbit meat has a high protein content and low fat and cholesterol content, has excellent taste qualities, and is a product of healthy and dietary nutrition. \u0000Using crossbreeding increase the productivity of rabbits due to the effect of heterosis. However, taking into account the fact that the modern technology of industrial rabbit breeding involves the use of rabbits of various crosses, which are imported into our country, there is a need to investigate the possibility of using males of different genotypes as the parent form of the cross and their influence on the reproductive characteristics of female rabbits. Thus, the purpose of the study was to study the selection characteristics of males of different genotypes and the effectiveness of their use as parental forms of the cross. \u0000Materials and methods of research. The research was carried out in the conditions of \"Krolikoff Farm\" LLC, which is located in the Uman district of the Cherkasy region, during 2022. The research was conducted using males of four genotypes: males of the parent form of the Hyla – Hyla Max cross (HM, n = 15), males of the parent form of the Hyplus PS59 cross (PS59, n = 15), males of the Termon white breed (TB, n = 12), males of the Poltava silver breed (PS, n = 9). Males were used on female rabbits of the maternal form of the Hyla – Hyla NG cross, from which 4 groups were formed, depending on the genotype of the breeder, with the sperm of which the female rabbits were inseminated. Females of group I were inseminated with sperm of Hyla Max males, group II – Hyplus PS59, group III – Termon white breed, group IV – Poltava silver breed. The females of the experimental groups were similar in age, live weight, and number of hatchlings. \u0000Research results. Analyzing the results of research on the productivity characteristics of males of different genotypes, it was established that males of the Hyplus PS59 parental form had the highest live weight, it was 0.41 kg more (p ≤ 0.001) than males of the Hyla – Hyla Max parental form. The live weight of the males of the Termon white breed was 14% lower (p ≤ 0.001), and that of the males of the Poltava silver breed was 18% lower (p ≤ 0.001) than that of the Hyla Max males. This fact can be explained by the implementation of directed selection work with males of the original lines of crosses based on live weight indicators. \u0000Hyla Max males had the highest ejaculate volume values. However, it should be noted that the males of the Thermon white breed were slightly inferior to the males of the parent form of the Hyla cross in terms of this indicator. Males of the Poltava silver breed had the lowest value of ejaculate volume. \u0000As a result of the research, it was established ","PeriodicalId":54885,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79877124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE GENETIC STRUCTURE OF SCALED AND FRAMED CARP CHERNIGIVRYBHOSP PJSC","authors":"N. Borysenko, A. Mariutsa, O. Bielikova","doi":"10.31073/abg.65.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31073/abg.65.15","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. This study aimed to analyze the genetic structure of Ukrainian scaled and framed carp, by examining the frequencies of allelic variants and genotypes of protein polymorphic systems. \u0000Methods of research. The research was conducted using electrophoresis in polyacrylamide and starch gels, followed by histochemical staining. The genetic structure of the carp groups was assessed by analyzing the distribution of allele and genotype frequencies of loci encoding various proteins and enzymes: transferrin (TF), albumin (ALB), esterase (EST), hemoglobin (HB), ceruloplasmin (С), amylase (AM) and purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PN). The obtained data were mathematically processed using the \"BIOSYS\" software. \u0000Research results. In the scaled and framed studied carp groups, the spectra of hemoglobin, ceruloplasmin, amylase and purine nucleoside phosphorylase, which encode the corresponding enzymes were found to be monomorphic under the given conditions of electrophoretic investigation. This finding was confirmed by the data of other authors. The genetic structure of scaled and framed carp. was analyzed using the transferrin, albumin, and esterase loci. \u0000Four allelic forms of the transferrin locus were found in the investigated stock of scaled carp: Tf A, Tf B, Tf C1 and Tf C2. The highest frequency was observed for the Tf B allelic variant (0.400), while the lowest frequency was observed for Tf A (0.050). Four allelic forms of the transferrin locus have been established in the framed carp group: Tf B, Tf C1, Tf C2 and Tf D. The allelic variant B occurred with the highest frequency (0.739), while the Tf C2 allele occurred with the lowest frequency (0.043). The analysis of the genotypes of the stock of scaled carp showed that only 5 of the 15 possible genotypes were present, among which the homozygous genotype BB occurred with the highest frequency, and it was 40%. The genotypes AA, AB, AC2, AD, BC1, BC2, BD, C1D, C2D and DD were absent. In this group of framed carp, three genotypes out of the fifteen possible variations were found namely Tf BВ, Tf С1С2 and Tf С1D. The homozygous BB genotype occurred with the highest frequency, accounting for 73.9%. \u0000According to the esterase locus, a specific feature of both scaled and framed carp studied stocks on this farm was the absence of the SS homozygous genotype. In the studied scaled carp group, the FS heterozygous genotype had the highest frequency (65%). The Est F allele had a frequency of 0.675, while the Est S allele had a frequency of 0.261. In the electrophoretic analysis of blood plasma in framed carp, the Est F allelic variant occurred with a frequency of 0.739, while the Est S allele occurred with a frequency of 0.261. The FS heterozygous genotype in the framed carp stock had a predominant frequency of 52.2%. \u0000At the albumin locus in both scaled and framed carp groups, two alleles, A and B, were identified, with the frequencies 0.600 and 0.400 in scaled and 0.848 and 0.152 in framed carp, respectively. T","PeriodicalId":54885,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83191555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GENEALOGICAL STRUCTURE OF THE UKRAINIAN BROWN DAIRY BREED","authors":"V. Ladyka, V. Vechorka, Т. P. Кuchkova, Yuriy Skliarenko, Y. Pavlenko","doi":"10.31073/abg.65.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31073/abg.65.09","url":null,"abstract":"Improvement of the productive characteristics of the Ukrainian Brown dairy breed, namely the increase in milk yields, improvement of the quality characteristics of milk and dairy livestock, is possible due to the expansion of its breeding base and enhancement of the genealogical structure. \u0000The long-term formation of the genealogical structure of the breed made it possible to form a significant number of genealogical lines, the founders of which were mainly stud bulls of the Swiss breed. At the time of testing the new selection achievement, the Ukrainian Brown dairy breed, its genealogical structure was represented by 9 genealogical lines, such as Elehanta 148551 (29.4%), Stretcha 143612 (23.8%), Distinkshna 159523 (16.8%), Balcona 1799 (1.4%), Maketa 4307 (0.9%), Mastera 106902 (0.4%), and Laka 964 (0.2%). For the last decade, the number of stud bulls of each separate line has been gradually changing. \u0000In recent years, breeders have started paying more attention to using in the selection process the evaluation of animals by genes that associate with milk quality indicators (kappa-casein and beta-casein). \u0000Scientists develop and recommend methods for improving the genealogical structure of the Ukrainian Brown dairy breed on a regular base. Among the main ones are the following: further breeding of dairy cattle by the open population method; constant and systematic monitoring of the quality of stud bulls in the world Swiss breed gene pool within countries and lines; increasing of the efficiency of breeding by lines, and it is desirable to optimize their 5-6 structural units within one farm. It is necessary to develop a program that includes measures aimed at selecting animals with high indicators of milk productivity with an emphasis on the increased content of fat and protein in milk and on the further improvement of the exterior type. \u0000The goal of the research was to study the modern genealogical structure of the Ukrainian Brown dairy breed. \u0000Materials and methods. The research was carried out on two stud farms breeding the Ukrainian Brown dairy breed (Experimental Farm State-Owned Enterprise of the Institute of Agriculture in the North East of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences in Sumy District and Maiak Additional Liability Company in Okhtyrka District) by analyzing the database of OPSEK Dairy Cattle Management System. We also used the data of primary zoo-technical accounting of Komyshanska PAE in Okhtyrka District of Sumy Region. To study the origin of stud bulls approved for reproduction in the breeding stock in Ukraine, the data from the website of the Main Research and Production, Selection and Information Center in Animal Breeding of the Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics of the National Academy of Sciences (http://www.animalbreedingcenter.org.ua/) and website https://www.cdn.ca were used. \u0000It was established that animals of the Ukrainian Brown dairy breed originated from five genealogical lines of the Swiss breed: Elehanta ","PeriodicalId":54885,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74608745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ACADEMICIAN M. V. ZUBETS (1938–2014) – A WELL-KNOWN SCIENTIST IN THE FIELD OF BREEDING, SELECTION AND BIOTECHNOLOGY REPRODUCTION OF FARM ANIMAL (to the 85th anniversary of the birthday)","authors":"M. Gladiy, О. М. Zhukorsky, S. Kovtun, I. Borodai, Y. Melnyk","doi":"10.31073/abg.65.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31073/abg.65.01","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the article is to highlight the major life milestones and creative path of the recognized scientist in the field of animal husbandry, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor, Academician of NAAS M. V. Zubets. Research methods are general scientific (analysis, synthesis, classification), special historical (problematic-chronological, comparative-historical), biographical and source studies. The contribution of the scientist to the development of theoretical and methodological principles of breeding, selection, and biotechnology of reproduction of farm animals is substantiated. The important role of M. V. Zubets in the organization of domestic agricultural research work, in particular, in the formation of the Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics of the NAAS was proven. The scientific heritage of the scientist is systematized, the priority of his research on the formation of a systematic concept of the breed, linear breeding, development of genetic, biotechnological, and technological bases of selection in animal husbandry, the actualization of the problem of conservation and rational use of biodiversity, etc. is substantiated. The contribution of M. V. Zubets to the formation of the modern theory and methodology of breeding in dairy and beef cattle breeding, the breeding of specialized breeds, and types of cattle is revealed. It is shown that among his scientist's methodological developments, the most significant is the method of creating the Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy breed, which is the basis for the development of eight specialized domestic breeds of dairy and beef production directions. The program the scientific school activities and the achievements founded by M. V. Zubets were summarized.","PeriodicalId":54885,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90244905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GENETIC POTENTIAL FOR MILK AND CHARACTERISTICS OF LACTATION ACTIVITY OF COWS OBTAINED BY PUREBRED BREEDING AND CROSSING","authors":"M. Bashchenko, O. Boiko, Y. Sotnichenko","doi":"10.31073/abg.65.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31073/abg.65.03","url":null,"abstract":"The intensification of dairy farming involves the rational use of cows to obtain the highest possible milk yield for each lactation. In practice, various indicators are used that can qualitatively assess the potential and actual level of productivity of cows. The nature of the course of lactation is a relatively independent, genetically determined trait of cows that can be used for breeding evaluation. The importance of this indicator is confirmed by the positive correlation of the constancy of lactation with productivity. It has been established that each increase in maximum yield by 1 kg leads to an increase in yield per lactation by approximately 200 kg. Therefore, the evaluation of the constancy of lactation of cows is of urgent importance. \u0000The aim of the research to study the peculiarities of the lactation activity of first-born cows obtained from bulls of the Montbeliard, Norwegian red and Holstein breeds. \u0000Materials and methods of research. The research was conducted in 2019–2022 on the basis of 4 breeding farms of Cherkasy region. It is taken into account 137 heads of Holstein cows, 125 heads of Ukrainian Black- and-White Dairy cows, 127 head of Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy breeds, 138 head of first-generation crossbreeds of Red-and-White Dairy breed and Montbeliard, 80 head of first-generation crossbreeds of Ukrainian Black- and-White Dairy breed and Norwegian Black-and-White, 138 heads of crossbreds of the second generation. \u0000Comparative evaluation of animals according to productive characteristics was carried out within breeding herds, taking into account the structure of the genotype of animals. The genetic potential of animals was determined by the formula of M. Z. Basovsky. The lactation activity of cows of different genotypes was evaluated according to the index of lactation stability according to H. Turner; index of lactation constancy by I. Johanson and A. Hanson; index of completeness of lactation according to V. B. Veselovskii-A. Zhirnov; index of lactation resistance according to J. I. Weller et al.; the lactation decline index according to D. V. Elpatyevsky; index of the shape of the lactation curve according to P. Mahadevan. \u0000Biometric processing of experimental data – statistical, correlation and analysis of variance were performed according to the according to generally accepted methods on a PC. \u0000Research results. In order to increase the quantitative and qualitative composition of milk, Holstein, Montbeliard and Norwegian Red were used to reproduce breeding stock in the studied farms. The obtained herd is represented by animals of different share of heredity, which is of great interest for determining the genetic potential based on the milk yield of animals of the created genotypes and the degree of its realization depending on the blood share of the original breeds. \u0000The genetic potential of the animals of the studied herds is different – approximately 10–15 thousand kg of milk per lactation. Such a difference is due t","PeriodicalId":54885,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86047195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DYNAMICS OF THE EXTERIOR CHARACTERISTICS OF FIRST-CALF HEIFERS DAIRY BREEDS","authors":"Динаміка ЕКСТЕР’ЄРНИХ, Особливостей Первісток, Молочних Порід, Y. Polupan, S. Pryima","doi":"10.31073/abg.65.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31073/abg.65.10","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. One of the main goals of the dairy industry is to achieve high productivity of cows with minimal costs for maintaining the herd. In recent years, when selecting cows, preference has been given to animals that combine the best productivity and reproduction with longevity and body type.In countries with developed animal husbandry, considerable attention is paid to the evaluation of the exterior of animals. Quantitative evaluation of the exterior by the method of linear classification according to the type of body structure is a necessary element of the comprehensive analysis of dairy cattle. With the intensive use of dairy cows, the introduction of modern technological solutions dependent on the biological characteristics of animals, the highest quality products can be obtained only under the conditions of successful selection of cows for breeding in the conditions of industrial technology. At the same time, the integral characteristic of a whole organism, reflected through a complex of exterior indicators, is presented in a modern linear assessment of the type of body structure of animals, which combines the analysis of cows by productivity and appearance (exterior).Research materials and methods. The research was carried out in the herd of the breeding farm LLC \"Agrofirma \"Svitanok\" of the Maryinsky district of the Donetsk region. The analysis included information on 945 cows, the exterior of which was evaluated in the second – fourth month of the first lactation during the years 2007‒2020. By breed, 581 of the cows under control were classified as Ukrainian Red Dairy, 239 – Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy, and 125 – Holstein breeds.In the studied animals, conditional blood of the improving Holstein breed was taken into account, considering its possible significant influence on the exterior and productivity of cows. We also took into account the age (months) of the assessment of the exterior of the first-calf heifers.Research results. Over 14 years of research, a noticeable improvement of the exterior in the direction of an increase in overall dimensions, better development of the breast, pelvis and udder was noted, which was accompanied by a significant increase in milk productivity. According to the proportions of the body structure, the indices of long-leggedness, shortness, massiveness, thoracic and eirisomia increase curvilinearly, while the index of stretch decreases. The chronological year factor reliably determines 9.0‒40.6% of the total phenotypic variability of measurements, 5.9‒39.8% of the variability of descriptive features of linear classification by body structure type, 5.9–37.3% of the variability of exterior indices and 59.2% of the variability of the milk yield of first-calf heifers.Improvement of the exterior and milk productivity of controlled animals was caused not only by the paratypical influence of a complex of economic and natural conditions of different years of animal use, improvement of technological cond","PeriodicalId":54885,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74949480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-wide association studies for epistatic genetic effects on fertility and reproduction traits in Holstein cattle","authors":"Kristen Alves,&nbsp;Luiz F. Brito,&nbsp;Mehdi Sargolzaei,&nbsp;Flavio S. Schenkel","doi":"10.1111/jbg.12813","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jbg.12813","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Non-additive genetic effects are well known to play an important role in the phenotypic expression of complex traits, such as fertility and reproduction. In this study, a genome scan was performed using 41,640 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers to identify genomic regions associated with epistatic (additive-by-additive) effects in fertility and reproduction traits in Holstein cattle. Nine fertility and reproduction traits were analysed on 5825 and 6090 Holstein heifers and cows with phenotypes and genotypes, respectively. The Marginal Epistasis Test (MAPIT) was used to identify SNPs with significant marginal epistatic effects at a chromosome-wise 5% and 10% false discovery rate (FDR) level. The −log₁₀(<i>p</i>) values were adjusted by the genomic inflation factor (λ) to correct for the potential bias on the <i>p</i>-values and minimize the possible effects of population stratification. After adjustments, MAPIT enabled the identification of genomic regions with significant marginal epistatic effects for heifers on BTA5 for age at first insemination, BTA3 and BTA24 for non-return rate (NRR); BTA16 and BTA28 for gestation length (GL); BTA1, BTA4 and BTA17 for stillbirth (SB). For the cow traits, MAPIT enabled the identification of regions on BTA11 for GL, BTA11 and BTA16 for SB and BTA19 for calf size (CZ). An additional approach for mapping epistasis in a genome-wide association study was also proposed, in which the genome scan was performed using estimates of epistatic values as the input pseudo-phenotypes, computed using single-trait animal models. Significant SNPs were identified at the chromosome-wise 5% and 10% FDR levels for all traits. For the heifer traits, significant regions were found on BTA7 for AFS; BTA12 for NRR; BTA14 and BTA19 for GL; BTA19 for calving ease (CE); BTA5, BTA24, BTA25 and in the X chromosome for SB; BTA23 and in the X chromosome for CZ and in the X chromosome for the number of services (NS). For the cow traits, significant regions were found on BTA29 and in the X chromosome for NRR, BTA11, BTA16 and in the X chromosome for SB, BTA2 for GL, BTA28 for CZ, BTA19 for calving to first insemination, and in the X chromosome for NS and first insemination to conception. The results suggest that the epistatic genetic effects are likely due to many loci with a small effect rather than few loci with a large effect and/or a single SNP marker alone do not capture the epistatic effects well. The genomic architecture of fertility and reproduction traits is complex, and these results should be validated in independent dairy cattle populations and using alternative statistical models.</p>","PeriodicalId":54885,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jbg.12813","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9680399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic parameter estimation for pork production and litter performance traits of Landrace, Large White, and Duroc pigs in Japan","authors":"Shinichiro Ogawa,&nbsp;Hiroshi Takahashi,&nbsp;Masahiro Satoh","doi":"10.1111/jbg.12814","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jbg.12814","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We estimated genetic parameters for two pork production and six litter performance traits of Landrace, Large White, and Duroc pigs reared in Japan. Pork production traits were average daily gain from birth to end of performance testing and backfat thickness at end of testing (46,042 records for Landrace, 40,467 records for Large White, and 42,920 records for Duroc). Litter performance traits were number born alive, litter size at weaning (LSW), number of piglets dead during suckling (ND), survival rate of piglets during suckling (SV), total piglet weight at weaning (TWW), and average piglet weight at weaning (AWW) (27,410, 26,716, and 12,430 records for Landrace, Large White, and Duroc, respectively). ND was calculated as the difference between LSW and litter size at start of suckling (LSS). SV was calculated as LSW/LSS. AWW was calculated as TWW/LSW. Pedigree data for Landrace, Large White, and Duroc breeds contained 50,193, 44,077, and 45,336 pigs, respectively. Trait heritability was estimated via single-trait analysis and genetic correlation between two traits was estimated via two-trait analysis. When considering the linear covariate of LSS in the statistical model for LSW and TWW, for all breeds, the heritability was estimated to be 0.4–0.5 for pork production traits and below 0.2 for litter performance traits. Estimated genetic correlation between average daily gain and backfat thickness was small, ranging from 0.057 to 0.112, and those between pork production traits and litter performance traits were negligible to moderate, ranging from −0.493 to 0.487. A wide range of genetic correlation values among the litter performance traits was estimated, while that between LSW and ND could not be obtained. The results of genetic parameter estimation were affected by whether the linear covariate of LSS was included in the statistical model for LSW and TWW or not. This finding implies the necessity of carefully interpreting the results according to the choice of statistical model. Our results could give fundamental information on simultaneously improving productivity and female reproductivity for pigs.</p>","PeriodicalId":54885,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9667268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}