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History and physical significance of the roughness Froude number 粗糙度弗劳德数的历史和物理意义
IF 2.3 3区 工程技术
Journal of Hydraulic Research Pub Date : 2023-03-04 DOI: 10.1080/00221686.2022.2161958
T. Wahl
{"title":"History and physical significance of the roughness Froude number","authors":"T. Wahl","doi":"10.1080/00221686.2022.2161958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221686.2022.2161958","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The roughness Froude number is a relatively new dimensionless parameter that began appearing in the hydraulic engineering literature in the late 1970s, first for the analysis of aeration inception in smooth chutes, and then later in connection with stepped chutes. This article reviews its foundations, historical development, alternative forms, present-day applications, and physical significance, which has received little attention previously. In addition to its empirically demonstrated connection to aeration inception, this paper shows that one form of a roughness Froude number has a strong relation to the transition between nappe and skimming flow regimes of stepped chutes, while another combines the dimensionless flow friction factor and the relative submergence of roughness elements.","PeriodicalId":54802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydraulic Research","volume":"61 1","pages":"173 - 182"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47687914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Thermohaline equation of state for pure water, seawater and brine 纯水、海水和卤水的温盐状态方程
IF 2.3 3区 工程技术
Journal of Hydraulic Research Pub Date : 2023-03-04 DOI: 10.1080/00221686.2023.2180444
R. E. Baddour
{"title":"Thermohaline equation of state for pure water, seawater and brine","authors":"R. E. Baddour","doi":"10.1080/00221686.2023.2180444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221686.2023.2180444","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A thermohaline equation of state (EOS), relating the density of water to its temperature and salinity, is proposed for shallow water hydro-environment applications, at normal atmospheric pressure (101.3 kPa). The seawater is of standard ocean ionic composition. The proposed EOS applies to fresh, brackish, saline, hypersaline and brine water environments, in cold, temperate and hot climates. The density of water is considered nonlinear with temperature, but linear with salinity. This assumption is adequate for practical applications – allowing the transformation of the EOS into a relevant density difference equation – for calculating density differences and buoyancy in models of thermal and thermohaline flows in inland, estuarine, coastal and ocean waters.","PeriodicalId":54802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydraulic Research","volume":"61 1","pages":"211 - 219"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43906358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Characteristics of negative and undular surges in an impounded channel 蓄水河道中负涌浪和波状涌浪的特征
IF 2.3 3区 工程技术
Journal of Hydraulic Research Pub Date : 2023-03-04 DOI: 10.1080/00221686.2022.2161429
Feidong Zheng, P. Wang, Yun Li
{"title":"Characteristics of negative and undular surges in an impounded channel","authors":"Feidong Zheng, P. Wang, Yun Li","doi":"10.1080/00221686.2022.2161429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221686.2022.2161429","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Physical experiments were conducted in an impounded channel to study the propagation of negative surges advancing in still water and evolution of undular surges against an instantaneously varied flow. The results demonstrated that the initial wave height of a negative surge could be accurately predicted using the simple wave solution of the Saint–Venant equations. Moreover, the wave height evolution during surge propagation could be satisfactorily described using the solution by Ippen and Kulin. The main characteristics of an undular surge were strongly correlated to the surge Froude number and turbulent boundary layer development at the toe of the surge. However, the occurrence of wave breaking at the first wave crest was independent of the inflow conditions and was close to the breaking criterion for solitary waves. Furthermore, the present results indicated the largest turbulent Reynolds stress components beneath the wave crests of an undular surge.","PeriodicalId":54802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydraulic Research","volume":"61 1","pages":"183 - 195"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48665241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Hydraulic resistance of artificial vegetation patches in aligned and staggered configurations 排列和交错配置人工植被斑块的水力阻力
IF 2.3 3区 工程技术
Journal of Hydraulic Research Pub Date : 2023-03-04 DOI: 10.1080/00221686.2023.2180445
M. Savio, D. Vettori, H. Biggs, A. Zampiron, S. Cameron, M. Stewart, C. Soulsby, V. Nikora
{"title":"Hydraulic resistance of artificial vegetation patches in aligned and staggered configurations","authors":"M. Savio, D. Vettori, H. Biggs, A. Zampiron, S. Cameron, M. Stewart, C. Soulsby, V. Nikora","doi":"10.1080/00221686.2023.2180445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221686.2023.2180445","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The paper reports the results of laboratory experiments to investigate the effect of vegetation patch mosaics on hydraulic resistance. Experiments were run for seven levels of vegetation coverage with square patches of flexible plastic grass in aligned and staggered configurations and a wide range of hydraulic conditions. Hydraulic resistance was substantially higher for staggered than aligned configurations, particularly for intermediate ranges of vegetation coverage. The results indicate that hydraulic resistance differs between regimes of isolated roughness flow, wake interference flow, and skimming flow. Two types of models are proposed to predict hydraulic resistance (i.e. Manning’s coefficient n) for aligned and staggered configurations, one as a function of the nondimensional spatially-averaged hydraulic radius and another as a function of relative submergence and surface area blockage factor. To account for the effects of vegetation patch alignment, an additional factor α is introduced. This work provides comprehensive datasets and models that can be used to improve the prediction of hydraulic resistance in open-channel flows with vegetation patches.","PeriodicalId":54802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydraulic Research","volume":"61 1","pages":"220 - 232"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42335620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Closure to “Influence of erosion on piping in terms of field conditions” by GIJS HOFFMANS, J. Hydraulic Res. 59(3), 512–522. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221686.2020.1786741 “管道冲蚀对管道性能的影响”[j] .水利水电工程学报，2009(3)，522 - 522。2020. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221686.2020.1786741
IF 2.3 3区 工程技术
Journal of Hydraulic Research Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/00221686.2022.2132308
G. Hoffmans
{"title":"Closure to “Influence of erosion on piping in terms of field conditions” by GIJS HOFFMANS, J. Hydraulic Res. 59(3), 512–522. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221686.2020.1786741","authors":"G. Hoffmans","doi":"10.1080/00221686.2022.2132308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221686.2022.2132308","url":null,"abstract":"required on the distribution of flow to the pipe and polder or the magnitude of pipe discharges. Second, Bligh’s cases include a significant vertical seepage path, which makes it questionable to compare Bligh’s design rule directly to a model based on horizontal pipes. For many field conditions, the SD model predicts a higher strength (Hc) than Sellmeijer et al. (2011). The introduction of the Shields diagram by Hoffmans and Van Rijn (2018) to model the pipe resistance is considered as a step forward. On the other hand, the analyses show that the SD model assumptions regarding the distribution of groundwater flow to the pipe and the polder determine the scaling effects and hence the higher Hc for field conditions. The DgFlow simulations presented here do not support those assumptions. This Discussion also reveals the need for systematic experimental research into scale effects of backward erosion piping, not only effects on the average gradient but also on pipe geometry and pipe flow conditions.","PeriodicalId":54802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydraulic Research","volume":"61 1","pages":"164 - 167"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43353641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Correction to: modelling sediment transport in three-phase surface water systems 修正:模拟三相地表水系统的泥沙输运
IF 2.3 3区 工程技术
Journal of Hydraulic Research Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/00221686.2022.2107580
C. Miller, W. Gray, C. Kees, I. Rybak, B. J. Shepherd
{"title":"Correction to: modelling sediment transport in three-phase surface water systems","authors":"C. Miller, W. Gray, C. Kees, I. Rybak, B. J. Shepherd","doi":"10.1080/00221686.2022.2107580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221686.2022.2107580","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This note corrects an error made in Miller et al. (2019). Modelling sediment transport in three-phase surface water systems. Journal of Hydraulic Research, 57(4), 439–463, https://doi.org/10.1080/00221686.2019.1581673.","PeriodicalId":54802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydraulic Research","volume":"61 1","pages":"168 - 171"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44860435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Influence of erosion on piping in terms of field conditions By G. Hoffmans, J. Hydraulic Res. 59(3), 512–522. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221686.2020.1786741 李建军，李建军，李建军，等。管道冲蚀试验研究进展[j] .岩土工程学报，2013,33(3):559 - 561。2020. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221686.2020.1786741
IF 2.3 3区 工程技术
Journal of Hydraulic Research Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/00221686.2022.2132307
Joost Pol
{"title":"Influence of erosion on piping in terms of field conditions By G. Hoffmans, J. Hydraulic Res. 59(3), 512–522. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221686.2020.1786741","authors":"Joost Pol","doi":"10.1080/00221686.2022.2132307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221686.2022.2132307","url":null,"abstract":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221686.2022.2132307 © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, and is not altered, transformed, or built upon in any way.","PeriodicalId":54802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydraulic Research","volume":"61 1","pages":"162 - 164"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43268419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Flow development in rough-bed open channels: mean velocities, turbulence statistics, velocity spectra, and secondary currents 粗床明渠的流动发展:平均速度、湍流统计、速度谱和二次流
IF 2.3 3区 工程技术
Journal of Hydraulic Research Pub Date : 2022-12-20 DOI: 10.1080/00221686.2022.2132311
A. Zampiron, S. Cameron, Mark T. Stewart, I. Marusic, V. Nikora
{"title":"Flow development in rough-bed open channels: mean velocities, turbulence statistics, velocity spectra, and secondary currents","authors":"A. Zampiron, S. Cameron, Mark T. Stewart, I. Marusic, V. Nikora","doi":"10.1080/00221686.2022.2132311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221686.2022.2132311","url":null,"abstract":"The channel length required for the development of the flow, from the channel entrance to full establishment, is often a prerequisite when designing hydraulic structures or planning research experiments in open channels. However, the information on the flow development length ( ) is scarce, and even its definition remains vague. In hydraulic experiments, this lack of knowledge introduces great uncertainty, often making comparisons of findings from different studies questionable. This paper offers a physics-based definition for , and reports results of systematic laboratory studies to provide guidance on its quantitative assessment. Our data for uniform flows suggest that up to 100 flow depths ( ) are required for mean velocity field (including sidewall secondary currents), turbulent stresses (except streamwise variance), velocity skewness and kurtosis, and depth-scale large-scale-motions to become essentially independent of the streamwise coordinate. However, very large-scale-motions, streamwise velocity variance, and roughness-induced secondary currents are found to require longer of around .","PeriodicalId":54802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydraulic Research","volume":"61 1","pages":"133 - 144"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41814466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Energy dissipation in a rapid filling vertical pipe with trapped air 有滞留空气的快速填充垂直管道中的能量耗散
IF 2.3 3区 工程技术
Journal of Hydraulic Research Pub Date : 2022-12-15 DOI: 10.1080/00221686.2022.2132309
Ling Zhou, Yanqing Lu, B. Karney, Guoying Wu, Alain Elong, Kun Huang
{"title":"Energy dissipation in a rapid filling vertical pipe with trapped air","authors":"Ling Zhou, Yanqing Lu, B. Karney, Guoying Wu, Alain Elong, Kun Huang","doi":"10.1080/00221686.2022.2132309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221686.2022.2132309","url":null,"abstract":"An energy-dissipation model is developed to simulate rapid filling having an entrapped air pocket within a vertical pipe. Both convective heat transfer and transient wall shear stresses are considered. The resulting predictions are compared both to those obtained via a conventional empirical polytropic model and to experimental data. The comprehensive model accurately reproduces the experimental pressure oscillations. Results reveal that the dynamic behaviour of air pockets in all tested cases approaches a purely adiabatic process over the first two oscillations, but also that the pressure variation then gradually evolves to an isothermal variation. Moreover, the high air temperatures predicted in the numerical simulations account for the observed phenomenon of white mist in the pipe as well as the notably hot pipe wall. Significantly, the conventional empirical polytropic model associated with the adiabatic assumption for the gas phase was sufficient to reproduce the pressures and temperatures during the first two oscillations.","PeriodicalId":54802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydraulic Research","volume":"61 1","pages":"120 - 132"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42940834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Prototype air–water flow measurements in D-type hydraulic jumps D型水跃中的原型空气-水流量测量
IF 2.3 3区 工程技术
Journal of Hydraulic Research Pub Date : 2022-12-13 DOI: 10.1080/00221686.2022.2132310
Han Wang, Rongcai Tang, Zhongtian Bai, Shan-jun Liu, W. Sang, Ruidi Bai
{"title":"Prototype air–water flow measurements in D-type hydraulic jumps","authors":"Han Wang, Rongcai Tang, Zhongtian Bai, Shan-jun Liu, W. Sang, Ruidi Bai","doi":"10.1080/00221686.2022.2132310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221686.2022.2132310","url":null,"abstract":"Prototype hydraulic jump experiments were conducted at the Pei-bridge Gates in the Bao River, China. Two D-jumps formed on the 14° slope downstream one of the 5-m-wide sluice gates, followed by a sudden expansion of flow cross-section in the stilling basin. With the Froude numbers Fr = 7.47 and 3.18, the Reynolds numbers reached Re = 1.16 × 106 and 1.88 × 106, respectively. The fluctuating jump toe and free-surface characteristics were analysed and compared with existing model tests of classic and D-type jumps. The air–water flow properties were measured intrusively with phase-detection probes and compared to the laboratory data. The prototype jumps exhibited three-dimensional roller motions with shorter roller lengths than classic hydraulic jumps in prismatic channels. Scale effects were noted for the bubble frequency and bubble size distributions among the influences of other measuring factors, implying the need to revisit the model-based prediction relationship at prototype conditions.","PeriodicalId":54802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydraulic Research","volume":"61 1","pages":"145 - 161"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42759021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
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