Occupational Medicine-Oxford最新文献

{"title":"Descriptive study of COVID-19 vaccinations and infections within an NHS workforce.","authors":"M Ke, G Soothill, K Wilson, S Swietlik, A Leckie, R Sutherland","doi":"10.1093/occmed/kqad126","DOIUrl":"10.1093/occmed/kqad126","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Healthcare workers were a priority group for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination during the pandemic. Occupational exposure may account for some of the increased risk faced.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>Describe COVID-19 vaccine uptake and infection rates in staff across a large NHS board in Scotland to better understand occupational risk during the pandemic.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Descriptive cross-sectional study. Demographic data were extracted on 5 August 2021 from 26 058 members of staff. COVID-19 vaccination status and positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results were extracted on two separate dates to describe the timeline of staff infections between March 2020 and January 2022.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was high uptake of all three vaccine doses across all demographic groups in hospital staff. PCR positivity decreased with increasing age and Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation score. Staff and nosocomial COVID-19 infections followed peaks in community infection rates.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>NHS Lothian is a typical NHS workforce with good vaccine uptake. Beyond very early cases, there seems to be minimal evidence of occupational acquisition of COVID-19. The large number of nosocomial infections at the start of the pandemic may, in fact, reflect lack of community testing at this time. Despite protection from high vaccine coverage, job type and good Infection Prevention and Control practices, it seems that staff remain at high risk of catching the highly transmissible omicron variant from the community rather than work.</p>","PeriodicalId":54696,"journal":{"name":"Occupational Medicine-Oxford","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138464467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 associated with Raynaud's phenomenon in a vibration-exposed worker.","authors":"R Cooke","doi":"10.1093/occmed/kqad103","DOIUrl":"10.1093/occmed/kqad103","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This is the first known case report of COVID-19-related Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) identified at routine health surveillance of a male exposed to hand-transmitted vibration. The temporal relationship with COVID infection followed the course previously reported, being a late feature associated with mild COVID, and followed by gradual spontaneous recovery. It is not known whether the RP, in this case, is solely due to COVID or represents a summative effect of COVID and vibration exposure. A prudent approach is recommended in such circumstances with limitation of vibration exposure and continuing frequent surveillance pending improvement of the RP, with further prompt investigation if the expected recovery does not occur.</p>","PeriodicalId":54696,"journal":{"name":"Occupational Medicine-Oxford","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41168326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A COVID-19 monitoring process for healthcare workers utilizing occupational health.","authors":"J C Crosby, R A Lee, G McGwin, S L Heath, G A Burkholder, R M Gravett, E T Overton, G Locks, M E Fleece, R Franco, S Nafziger","doi":"10.1093/occmed/kqad114","DOIUrl":"10.1093/occmed/kqad114","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hospital-based occupational health (HBOH) is uniquely positioned to not only prevent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission, but to care for healthcare workers (HCWs) sick with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>The primary objective of this study is to describe a system where HBOH services were adapted to provide a monitoring programme whereby HCWs with SARS-CoV-2 received daily evaluations and treatment options in order to improve access to care, and to report the clinical outcomes and predictors of hospitalization in HCWs enrolled in the programme. A secondary objective is to compare clinical outcomes to data on national HCWs with COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study used survey data collected on HCWs at a university health system with COVID-19 from 1 March 2020 through 1 December 2021. A firth regression model was used to examine the unadjusted and adjusted association between clinical factors and hospitalization.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study cohort included 4814 HCWs with COVID-19. Overall hospitalizations were 119 (2%), and there were six deaths (0.12%). Predictors of hospitalization include several co-morbidities and symptoms. A total of 1835 HCWs monitored before vaccine or monoclonal antibody availability were compared with data on U.S. HCWs in a similar time period. The monitored HCWs had a lower rate of co-morbidities (19% versus 44%, P < 0.001), a lower hospitalization rate (3% versus 8% P < 0.001) and case-fatality rate (0.11% versus 0.95% P < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This monitoring strategy for COVID-19 may be feasible for HBOH systems to implement and improve access to care, but more data are needed to determine if it improves outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":54696,"journal":{"name":"Occupational Medicine-Oxford","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10875928/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138300647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Importance of occupational support for NHS patients with mental illness.","authors":"C Kamau-Mitchell, B Lopes","doi":"10.1093/occmed/kqad115","DOIUrl":"10.1093/occmed/kqad115","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Unemployment is a structural inequality which raises the risk of premature deaths among people with mental illness.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study examined whether UK National Health Service (NHS) patients with mental illness get support to find or keep a job because reducing unemployment rates can reduce the risk of premature mortality.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study analysed recently released data from 54 NHS trusts which randomly sampled patients for a Care Quality Commission survey. This study assessed 11 001 working-age patients with mental illness, of whom 50% are long-term service users (6+ years).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Perceived access to occupational support was poor with 46% of patients who wanted the support saying that they did not get help finding or returning to work. Perceived occupational support for physical co-morbidities needed improvement because 40% of patients with physical co-morbidities did not receive support for physical health needs. Twenty-five per cent said that medication side effects were not discussed, and 24% lacked medication follow-up although 87% of patients found medication beneficial to their mental health. Occupational support significantly benefited overall patient satisfaction to an equivalent extent as the main treatment (i.e. receiving medication and talking therapies), and it was a more consistent predictor of patient satisfaction than talking therapies.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Improved access to schemes which reduce unemployment among NHS patients with mental illness is needed (e.g. individual placement and support programmes), although limited availability might be due to funding constraints. As well as addressing unemployment, occupational support should address other risk factors for premature mortality, for example, poverty, stigma, discrimination and social exclusion.</p>","PeriodicalId":54696,"journal":{"name":"Occupational Medicine-Oxford","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134650541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reply.","authors":"Nerys Williams","doi":"10.1093/occmed/kqad131","DOIUrl":"10.1093/occmed/kqad131","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54696,"journal":{"name":"Occupational Medicine-Oxford","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139577159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occupational asthma induced by fish exposure.","authors":"B Añibarro, L Feijoo, N de Las Cuevas, F J Seoane","doi":"10.1093/occmed/kqad127","DOIUrl":"10.1093/occmed/kqad127","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Occupational asthma triggered by inhaling fish-derived aerosols is estimated to affect 2-8% of exposed individuals. This primarily affects workers in the fish processing industry. Fishmongers, rarely experience this issue, as recent research found no significant difference in asthma rates compared to a control group. We report the case of a fishmonger who presented with a 1-year history of rhinoconjunctivitis and asthma. The patient attributed these symptoms to his occupational exposure within the fish market environment, which worsened in the cold storage warehouse. Symptoms improved during holidays. Diagnosis involved skin-prick tests, sIgE (ImmunoCAP-specific IgE) measurements, and bronchial challenge tests, confirming occupational asthma from fish bioaerosol exposure. Parvalbumins, common fish proteins, share structural similarities, leading to cross-reactivity in fish allergy sufferers. In this case, sensitivity to rGad c1 (cod parvalbumin) was identified as the primary trigger for the patient's asthma, and responsible for sensitizations observed across various tested fish species.</p>","PeriodicalId":54696,"journal":{"name":"Occupational Medicine-Oxford","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138453072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Loneliness in the workplace: a mixed-method systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"B T Bryan, G Andrews, K N Thompson, P Qualter, T Matthews, L Arseneault","doi":"10.1093/occmed/kqad138","DOIUrl":"10.1093/occmed/kqad138","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Loneliness is a risk factor for a range of mental and physical health problems and has gained increasing interest from policy-makers and researchers in recent years. However, little attention has been paid to loneliness at work and its implications for workers and employers.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>Identify workplace, health and personal factors associated with workplace loneliness.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched five databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO and EBSCO Business Source Complete) for relevant articles published from 1 January 2000 to 23 February 2023. Quantitative data were synthesized using narrative synthesis and random-effects meta-analysis of correlation coefficients. Qualitative data were synthesized using thematic synthesis. Evidence quality was appraised using the Mixed-Methods Appraisal Tool.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 49 articles meeting the inclusion criteria. Pooled results indicate that workplace loneliness was associated with lower job performance (r = -0.35, 95% CI -0.49, -0.21), reduced job satisfaction (r = -0.34, 95% CI -0.44, -0.24), worse worker-manager relationship (r = -0.31, 95% CI -0.38, -0.24) and elevated burnout (r = 0.39, 95% CI 0.25, 0.51). Qualitative results suggest links between loneliness and inadequate workplace social interactions and mental health problems. As most studies used cross-sectional data and few adjusted for potential confounders, the direction and robustness of the associations remain untested.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results indicate that loneliness is associated with poor occupational functioning and well-being among workers. Results also show that loneliness is associated with modifiable aspects of the work environment, suggesting that the workplace may offer a fruitful avenue for interventions targeting loneliness.</p>","PeriodicalId":54696,"journal":{"name":"Occupational Medicine-Oxford","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10824263/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139577137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occupational Health in Aquaculture.","authors":"James Douglas","doi":"10.1093/occmed/kqad130","DOIUrl":"10.1093/occmed/kqad130","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54696,"journal":{"name":"Occupational Medicine-Oxford","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139577144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reallocating desk workers' sitting time to standing or stepping: associations with work performance.","authors":"C-Y Lin, A Shibata, K Ishii, M J Koohsari, N Hadgraft, D W Dunstan, N Owen, K Oka","doi":"10.1093/occmed/kqad142","DOIUrl":"10.1093/occmed/kqad142","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Studies have suggested that sitting time at work may lead to underperformance but they may underestimate the benefits to desk workers' performance of reducing occupational sitting time without considering the relative effects of the specific activities replaced.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>To estimate differences in work performance (presenteeism, absenteeism and engagement) when occupational sitting time is reallocated to standing/stepping in desk workers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data for middle-aged desk workers were from a Japan-wide online survey (n = 2228). Self-report proportion of occupational sitting and standing/stepping, work hours and work performance indicators, including absolute (ratings relating only to self) and relative (ratings of self, compared to others) presenteeism and absenteeism, and dimensions of work engagement, were collected. Partition and isotemporal substitution models were used to investigate the associations of occupational sitting and standing/stepping time with work performance, including their reallocation effects.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In partition models, longer occupational sitting time was associated with a lower absolute presenteeism score (i.e. less productivity), lower absolute absenteeism (i.e. longer-than-expected work hours), and lower engagement. Longer occupational standing/stepping time was associated with lower absolute absenteeism and more engagement. Isotemporal substitution models showed that each hour of occupational sitting reallocated to standing/stepping was favourably associated with overall work engagement (B = 0.087; 95% confidence interval 0.051, 0.122) and its dimensions (B ranged from 0.078 to 0.092), but was not associated with presenteeism or absenteeism.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest that management support and practical initiatives to encourage desk workers to replace portions of their sitting time with standing/stepping may contribute to enhanced work engagement.</p>","PeriodicalId":54696,"journal":{"name":"Occupational Medicine-Oxford","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10824261/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138813187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shaping the stress consultation in Occupational Health.","authors":"John Sterland","doi":"10.1093/occmed/kqad073","DOIUrl":"10.1093/occmed/kqad073","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54696,"journal":{"name":"Occupational Medicine-Oxford","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139577164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}