Plant Ecology and Evolution最新文献

{"title":"Three new Achnanthidium (Bacillariophyceae) species from Lake Salda (Anatolia, Turkey), a deep soda lake","authors":"C. Solak, A. Wojtal, Łukasz Peszek, Mateusz Rybak, E. Yılmaz, R. Gastineau, S. Blanco","doi":"10.5091/plecevo.89304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.89304","url":null,"abstract":"Background and aims – Kützing separated the genus Achnanthidium from the genus Achnanthes based on two species: Achnanthes minutissima and Achnanthidium microcephalum. These two genera were distinguished by the presence of stalks in the Achnanthes genus and their absence in Achnanthidium. Before electron microscopy, the difference between Achnanthes and Achnanthidium was not clear, especially in Achnanthidium minustissimum sensu lato. The aim of the study is to describe three new species of Achnanthidium from Lake Salda.\u0000 Material and methods – Lake Salda is located in southwestern Anatolia, in Turkey. The diatoms were collected seasonally from four stations in the lake between 2016 and 2020, from different substrata (epipelic, epiphytic, and epilithic).\u0000 Key results – Three new species belonging to the genus Achnanthidium have been found in Lake Salda, Turkey. Based on the morphological observations, all new taxa are part of the Achnanthidium minutissimum complex. Achnanthidium barlasii sp. nov. and A. dumlupinarii sp. nov. show a high degree of similarity to each other, but can be separated based on valve outline and a denser areolation, especially in striae close to the apices of the raphe valve. Both species can be distinguished from A. minutissimum based on more separate apices and less elliptic valves. In the case of A. dumlupinarii sp. nov., large specimens show slight undulations of the valve, which is a unique feature. Achnanthidium anatolicum sp. nov. is the most characteristic based on its valve width, broadly rounded valve apices, and almost straight valves in girdle view. All newly described Achnanthidium species can be found in lentic environments, with alkaline water and high calcium ion content.\u0000 Conclusion – The newly described taxa occurred in the unique habitat of a soda lake. The environment of the lake is highly alkaline, rich in magnesium and calcium, and derived from limestone and dolomitic limestone rocks.","PeriodicalId":54603,"journal":{"name":"Plant Ecology and Evolution","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45230898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phenological patterns of herbaceous Mediterranean plant communities in spring: is there a difference between native and formerly-cultivated grasslands?","authors":"M. Hess, P. Gómez-Ruíz, L. Morellato, E. Buisson","doi":"10.5091/plecevo.86335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.86335","url":null,"abstract":"Background and aims – Plant phenology, defined as the timing of recurring life events like leaf flushing, flowering, or fruiting, is highly sensitive to environmental factors such as photoperiod, temperature, and moisture. Phenological synchrony between interacting species – such as plants and their pollinators – is of major importance to the structure and functioning of ecosystems. Plant phenology might also be affected by changes in edaphic conditions. However, whether former agricultural activities may shift phenological patterns of plant communities remains poorly understood. In this study, we evaluated the impact of past agricultural practices on herbaceous plant community phenology in the protected Mediterranean xeric grassland of La Crau (France).\u0000 Material and methods – We compared (1) species composition, and (2) phenological patterns of annuals, perennials, Bromus rubens (annual), and Lobularia maritima (perennial), in formerly-cultivated plots – abandoned for 30 years – and intact native grassland plots (steppe), both subjected to itinerant sheep grazing.\u0000 Key results and conclusion – Our results suggest that former agricultural activities can affect species composition of Mediterranean xeric grassland communities with differences visible after 30 years of abandonment, but only altered phenological patterns slightly. We suggest that climatic factors and sheep grazing acted as strong habitat filters constraining community assembly at the phenological level.","PeriodicalId":54603,"journal":{"name":"Plant Ecology and Evolution","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43875850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flora and fire in an old-growth Central African forest-savanna mosaic: a checklist of the Parc National des Plateaux Batéké (Gabon)","authors":"G. Walters, D. Nguema, R. Niangadouma","doi":"10.5091/plecevo.85954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.85954","url":null,"abstract":"Background and aims – Old-growth savannas in Africa are impacted by fire, have endemic and geoxylic suffrutices, and are understudied. This paper explores the Parc National des Plateaux Batéké (PNPB) in Gabon and the impact of fire on its flora to understand if it is an old-growth savanna. It presents 1) a vascular plant checklist, including endemic species and geoxylic suffrutices and 2) an analysis of the impact of fire on the savanna herbaceous flora, followed by recommendations for fire management to promote plant diversity.\u0000 Material and methods – 1,914 botanical collections from 2001–2019 collected by the authors and others were extracted from two herbaria databases in 2021 to create the checklist. The impact of fire was explored through a three season plot-based inventory of plant species (notably forbs and geoxylic suffrutices) in five annually, dry-season burned study areas located at 600 m in elevation. A two-factor ANOVA was conducted across two burn treatments and three season treatments.\u0000 Key results – The area has a vascular flora of 615 taxa. Seven species are endemic to the Plateaux Batéké forest-savanna mosaic. Seventeen species are fire-dependent geoxylic suffrutices, attesting to the ancient origins of these savannas. Burning promotes fire-dependent species.\u0000 Conclusion – The PNPB aims to create a culturally-adapted fire management plan. The combination of customary fire and fire-adapted species in the savanna creates a unique ancient forest-savanna mosaic in Central Africa that merits protection while recognising the role that the Batéké-Alima people have in shaping and governing this landscape.","PeriodicalId":54603,"journal":{"name":"Plant Ecology and Evolution","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47367802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The breeding system of Hyacinthoides non-scripta (Asparagaceae): assessing the role of geitonogamy with captive pollinators","authors":"J. Guitián, P. Guitián","doi":"10.5091/plecevo.85658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.85658","url":null,"abstract":"Background and aims – In self-incompatible species, geitonogamous pollen deposition can result in stigma clogging, with negative effects on cross-fertilisation and subsequently reduced fruit and seed set. In this work, using laboratory and field experiments with pollinators in captivity, we describe the reproductive system of Hyacinthoides non-scripta and analyse the effect of the different mechanisms of pollen transfer, trying to quantify the effect of geitonogamy on the reproductive success of the species.\u0000 Material and methods – Using laboratory and field experiments with pollinators in captivity we evaluated the effect of the different types of pollen transfer.\u0000 Key results – The results show that H. non-scripta is a self-incompatible species and the pollen tubes in autogamous and geitonogamous pollination are rejected at the base of the style. In the field experiments, the presence of geitonogamous pollen on the stigma did not prevent subsequent fertilization by xenogamous pollen, but it reduced seed production.\u0000 Conclusion – This study provides evidence that natural rates of geitonogamy significantly reduce female fitness in plants with large numbers of flowers per inflorescence and show how experiments with captive pollinators can help quantify the intensity of this effect.","PeriodicalId":54603,"journal":{"name":"Plant Ecology and Evolution","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46680750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the occasion of its 160 th birthday, Plant Ecology and Evolution gets a makeover","authors":"B. Verstraete","doi":"10.5091/plecevo.84881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.84881","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p />","PeriodicalId":54603,"journal":{"name":"Plant Ecology and Evolution","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47983668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reproductive biology and flower-visitor interactions of two bromeliad species from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest","authors":"M. R. E. Silva, B. C. Barbosa, A. D. Faria","doi":"10.5091/plecevo.84464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.84464","url":null,"abstract":"Background and aims – The Bromeliaceae family has great importance in the maintenance of neotropical communities. In the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, bromeliads are among the major groups responsible for maintaining the local flora and fauna and participate in important ecological interactions with insects, anurans, and hummingbirds. This work reports on aspects of the reproductive biology and the interactions between two endemic bromeliad species from the Atlantic Forest (Aechmea bruggeri and Quesnelia indecora) and their floral visitors to assess the impact of these relationships on the reproductive success and conservation of these plants.Material and methods – Reproductive phenology, floral biology, pollination experiments, and the reproductive success of both species were investigated. To determine the floral visitors, we made direct observations on flowers and collected floral visitors that could not be identified in the field.Key results – Aechmea bruggeri and Quesnelia indecora presented the individual and population flowering phenological pattern classified as annual with intermediate duration. The species are partially and totally self-incompatible, respectively. Both species presented a varied visitation guild, and although Q. indecora presented flowers with ornitofilous characteristics, no hummingbirds were recorded for this species. The hummingbird Thalurania glaucopis was the main visitor for Aechmea bruggeri and the bee Trigona cf. braueri was the main visitor for Quesnelia indecora. Nectar thieving by lepidopterans was observed for both species. Pollen robbing by beetles and nectar robbing by bees were registered for Aechmea bruggeri and Quesnelia indecora, respectively. Fruit and seed set of both species were highly affected by herbivory, which may negatively affect their reproductive success.Conclusion – Our work highlights the important role of bromeliads in neotropical communities, showing how floral visitors and plants interact by participating in maintaining biological diversity in the studied forest remnant.","PeriodicalId":54603,"journal":{"name":"Plant Ecology and Evolution","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47995839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monophyly and transoceanic dispersal in the widespread floating club-rush clade, Isolepis subgenus Fluitantes (Cyperaceae)","authors":"J. Viljoen, T. Hedderson, Charlotte Sletten Bjorå, M. Muasya","doi":"10.5091/plecevo.84466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.84466","url":null,"abstract":"Background and aims – Numerous lineages in the Western Cape of South Africa show affinities with the floras of tropical Africa and Australasia. Isolepis subgenus Fluitantes, comprising seven to nine species, includes the broadly-defined I. fluitans, which occurs throughout Africa into Europe and Asia, as well as on both sides of the Indian Ocean. Thus, it is well suited for testing the generality of both the Cape-to-Cairo pattern of dispersal and transoceanic dispersal between southern Africa and Australasia.Material and methods – We inferred a dated population-level phylogeny based on new sequence data from the nuclear ITS and the chloroplast atpI–H gene regions. We constructed dispersal–extinction–cladogenesis models in Lagrange to infer ancestral areas and to compare the likelihoods of stepping-stone and long-distance modes of dispersal.Key results – The Fluitantes originated in the Cape about 7 million years ago (mya). They spread stepwise onto the mountains of East Africa and thence into Europe and the islands of the Indian Ocean, seemingly tracking their ancestral habitat. Australasia was colonised by a single long-distance dispersal event ca 3 mya. Incongruence between the plastid and nuclear gene trees was apparent for the Australasian taxa, I. crassiuscula, I. lenticularis, and I. producta, with their atpI–H sequences placing them with I. ludwigii in the Fluitantes and the ITS nrDNA resolving them in the Proliferae. Furthermore, two African taxa (I. graminoides, I. inyangensis) diagnosed on unique morphology are resolved as part of the widespread I. fluitans.Conclusion – This study supports and extends the northward migration model that accounts for the Cape element of the Afromontane flora. Australasia was colonised directly from southern Africa, perhaps assisted by wind or waterfowl. Despite ancient hybridization associated with dispersal, we recognise the three taxa in Australasia as distinct, but synonymise I. graminoides and I. inyangensis into the widespread I. fluitans.","PeriodicalId":54603,"journal":{"name":"Plant Ecology and Evolution","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48802233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How large-scale geographic factors affect the different dimensions of functional diversity: evidence from the beech forest herb layer (Apennines, Italy)","authors":"F. Tardella, Alessandro Bricca, M. Cutini, G. Ciaschetti, A. Frattaroli, B. Paura, G. Pirone, Nicola Postiglione, A. Scolastri, Tiziana Panichella, A. Ferrara, A. Catorci","doi":"10.5091/plecevo.84458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.84458","url":null,"abstract":"Background and aims – The research aim was to investigate the relation between large-scale geographic factors and the functional structure of the herbaceous layer of calcareous beech forests in the Apennines, managed as high forest.Material and methods – We selected 163 plots (20 × 20 m), ranging from Central to South Italy, using a random stratified sampling design. We correlated the effect sizes of traits’ community-weighted means, functional richness, evenness, divergence, dispersion, and Rao’s quadratic entropy, with the main axes of variation in species composition.Key results – The geographical range played a weak role in shaping the species composition of the herbaceous layer. However, we found evidence of functional convergence towards the northern sectors of the study area, where traits linked to resource retention strategies and vegetative spread are filtered. We did not find any evidence of convergence northwards for leaf phenology and pollination types.Conclusion – The increase of the intensity in the environmental stress was associated with a decrease of diversity for traits related to resource conservation strategies and vegetative propagation. On the contrary, the lower cold stress intensity southwards fostered a better niche partitioning, ensuring the coexistence of species with different modalities of resource acquisition and conservation.","PeriodicalId":54603,"journal":{"name":"Plant Ecology and Evolution","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47280256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diversity and habitat preferences of benthic diatoms from South Bay (Livingston Island, Antarctica)","authors":"R. Zidarova, P. Ivanov, Elitsa Hineva, Nina Dzhembekova","doi":"10.5091/plecevo.84534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.84534","url":null,"abstract":"Background and aims – Despite a long research history, knowledge of Antarctic marine benthic diatoms is fragmentary. This study reports on marine benthic diatoms from South Bay, Livingston Island, focusing on diatoms living on hard substrata, and species distribution across different coastal habitats.Material and methods – Samples were collected from tidal pools (19), intertidal cobbles (9), artificial substrata installed at various depths (10), coastal rocks (2), and bottom sediments at depths > 20 m (2). Species identifications and community analyses were done using LM with additional information obtained using SEM. nMDS based on diatom abundance data was applied to display differences between the samples by habitat/substratum type and sampling month. The significance of the habitat/substratum type and sampling month on diatom communities was checked with PERMANOVA. Similarity/dissimilarity within and between sample groups and their contributing species were explored with SIMPER.Key results – In total, 133 diatom taxa were recorded, of which 110 are benthic. A large number of taxa could not be certainly identified. Taxonomic remarks and ecology and distribution data for some rarely reported species with convoluted taxonomic and nomenclatural histories are given. One new combination is proposed. Diatom communities were influenced by the habitat/substratum type, but not by seasonality. Significant differences existed between communities in tidal pools and those on cobbles, artificial substrata, and sediments, and between those on sediments and artificial substrata. Navicula aff. perminuta dominated on cobbles and often on artificial substrata. Species forming mucilage tubes, tree-like colonies, and chains of cells embedded in mucilage were restricted to tidal pools.Conclusion – Benthic diatom communities from South Bay are highly diverse and species show distinct distributions in the coastal habitats, but the scarce studies and often confusing nomenclature history of the taxa make their identification challenging, and potentially common species for the region remain unknown.","PeriodicalId":54603,"journal":{"name":"Plant Ecology and Evolution","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44915908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seed morphology of Hamelieae with emphasis on the Deppea complex (Cinchonoideae, Rubiaceae)","authors":"M. Aguilar-Morales, Helga Ochoterena-Booth, T. Terrazas","doi":"10.5091/plecevo.84486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.84486","url":null,"abstract":"Background and aims – The neotropical tribe Hamelieae currently includes 16 genera mainly characterized by raphides, ebracteolate inflorescences, and 4-merous flowers with contorted corolla aestivation. Within this tribe, the circumscription of Deppea has been particularly controversial, as depending on the authors, several morphologically closely related genera are either treated as synonyms or accepted as such. This generic group, hereafter referred to as the Deppea complex, consists of up to 10 genera. Within Rubiaceae, seed morphology has proved to have taxonomic value for generic circumscriptions, however, it remained unexplored for Hamelieae and the Deppea complex.Material and methods – We present a detailed study of the seed morphology of 37 species representing 15 out of the 16 genera recognized within Hamelieae, including all putative genera of the Deppea complex. Using scanning electron and light microscopy, we investigate 16 quantitative and qualitative seed characters that could have taxonomic value.Key results – Our results show that the combination of some seed characters, such as shape and colour, dorsiventral compression, hilum position, and the periclinal microrelief, helps to distinguish some genera and most species, supporting or refuting the current taxonomic circumscription.Conclusion – We conclude that the seed morphology within Hamelieae has taxonomic value but should be combined with other characters to achieve unequivocal delineation of the genera.","PeriodicalId":54603,"journal":{"name":"Plant Ecology and Evolution","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47180070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}