Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Water Management最新文献_第3页

Emerging membrane technologies for low-cost desalination 新兴的低成本海水淡化膜技术

IF 1.1 4区工程技术

Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Water Management Pub Date : 2023-03-17 DOI: 10.1680/jwama.22.00006

Surya Murali Racha, Shouvik Mitra, B. Shown, S. Mandal, A. Das

{"title":"Emerging membrane technologies for low-cost desalination","authors":"Surya Murali Racha, Shouvik Mitra, B. Shown, S. Mandal, A. Das","doi":"10.1680/jwama.22.00006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jwama.22.00006","url":null,"abstract":"Sustainable supply and utilization of water is required for the global economy and growth. In order to cater the needs, seawater desalination by membrane technique, reverse osmosis (RO), have become more attractive to produce potable water. Despite the potential advantages of RO process, it has limitations like low water recovery, low selectivity, membrane fouling, high energy requirement and brine disposal. Recent progress and developments in membrane materials, membrane modules and processes had laid foundation to novel technologies. Membrane distillation (MD), forward osmosis (FO) and pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) are emerging as niche area of research for seawater desalination. It is noteworthy to mention that advances in FO and MD for desalination allows the entire operation at low hydraulic pressure, which reduces the fouling and improves the membrane life. Whereas PRO is an osmotically driven process that produces the green energy from the brine stream. On the other hand, hybrid desalination processes in combination with RO, emerging technologies and renewable energy sources are found to be efficient compared to stand alone technology with a reduced desalination cost. Although a wide number of literatures are available, but practical integration of current state-of-the-art and its gradual progress is rarely addressed. In this context we represent emerging FO, MD and PRO processes, its principles, development of membranes for energy minimization and improved performance. Various configurations of hybrid processes in combination with renewable energy resources have been evaluated. Significant technological development and emergence of new materials is anticipated to play the pivotal role to make membrane-based desalination technologies more efficient, green, and economical in near future.","PeriodicalId":54569,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Water Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84963546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of schemes for reservoir operation: from rule-curve to many-objective optimization 水库调度方案评价:从规则曲线到多目标优化

IF 1.1 4区工程技术

Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Water Management Pub Date : 2023-03-09 DOI: 10.1680/jwama.21.00022a

Duan Chen, Arturo Leon, Ruonan Li, Rui Han

引用次数: 0

Relationship between two-phase flow in bottom outlet and air-core vortices at intake 底部出口两相流与进气涡的关系

IF 1.1 4区工程技术

Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Water Management Pub Date : 2023-02-27 DOI: 10.1680/jwama.21.00055

A. Kabiri-Samani, Nooshin Jafarinasab, Z. S. Khozani

{"title":"Relationship between two-phase flow in bottom outlet and air-core vortices at intake","authors":"A. Kabiri-Samani, Nooshin Jafarinasab, Z. S. Khozani","doi":"10.1680/jwama.21.00055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jwama.21.00055","url":null,"abstract":"Model experiments were carried out into the hydraulic characteristics of air−water two-phase flow inside the bottom outlet of shaft spillways as a result of natural air suction from air-core vortices at the pipe intake. Experiments were performed in a cylindrical reservoir 2 m in diameter and 1 m high, under a swirling flow around the intake, investigating the most severe two-phase flow regimes. Vertical pipe intakes with three different diameters and heights, attached to the floor of the reservoir at its centre, were examined for different flow discharges by establishing different vortex types. The results including tangential velocity profiles inside the main reservoir, head−discharge relationships, average internal pressure inside the outlet pipe and the relation between swirling flow at the pipe intake and the two-phase flow inside the bottom outlet are discussed in this paper. Results indicate that the void fraction decreases by changing the type of swirling flow. For a constant submergence depth, reducing the intake pipe diameter or increasing its height lead to an increase in void fraction and two-phase slug flow wave Froude number, velocity, length and frequency. However, by the increase in Kolf number, the frequency of slug waves reduced and the average relative two-phase flow pressure inside the bottom outlet was increased. The relationships between two-phase flow hydraulic characteristics and regimes inside the bottom outlet and types of vortices at the intakes will be of the interest of both the scientific research and design engineers, helping them increase the efficiency and safety of pressurised waterway systems.","PeriodicalId":54569,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Water Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84325294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of sediment supply on flow characteristics in a meandering channel 泥沙供给对曲流河道流动特性的影响

IF 1.1 4区工程技术

Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Water Management Pub Date : 2023-02-20 DOI: 10.1680/jwama.22.00039

Hao Zheng, Yunwen Pan, Kejun Yang

{"title":"Effect of sediment supply on flow characteristics in a meandering channel","authors":"Hao Zheng, Yunwen Pan, Kejun Yang","doi":"10.1680/jwama.22.00039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jwama.22.00039","url":null,"abstract":"Meandering channels widely exist in natural rivers, especially in lowland alluvial plains. In this research, a meandering channel is designed, in order to explore the effect of sediment supply on flow characteristics in it. In this channel, the water level, three-dimensional instantaneous velocity, and riverbed elevation are measured by digital wave altimeter, three-dimensional acoustic Doppler velocimeter (ADV) and three-dimensional laser scanner, respectively; and the flow characteristics with (first case) and without sediment (second case) supply are compared. The results showed that under the same discharge, the transversal slope of water surface in the first case is larger than the second case, and its change is steeper; the longitudinal change degree of water surface in the upper half bend is small, and that is large in the lower half bend. By increasing the water discharge, the number of secondary flow vortices at the apex of meandering channel is increased. The trend of the two mainstream lines, with and without sediment supply, are roughly opposite, and the difference between them decreases with increasing the discharge. In addition, the lateral and vertical turbulence intensity of the flow near the outer bank are larger under the two cases. The turbulent kinetic energy of the cross-section is larger in the first case near the bed and water surface.","PeriodicalId":54569,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Water Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73460098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Adapting reservoir flushing strategies to changing hydro-climatic conditions 根据变化的水文气候条件调整水库冲刷策略

IF 1.1 4区工程技术

Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Water Management Pub Date : 2023-02-20 DOI: 10.1680/jwama.22.00020

G. Petkovšek

{"title":"Adapting reservoir flushing strategies to changing hydro-climatic conditions","authors":"G. Petkovšek","doi":"10.1680/jwama.22.00020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jwama.22.00020","url":null,"abstract":"Sustainable use of water reservoirs is threatened by sediment accumulation. The loss of storage volume can be prevented or limited by appropriate sediment management strategies that work for a variety of expected conditions. The paper presents the development of a reservoir flushing strategy, tested against water and sediment inflow that might occur over the centuries. A typical length of water and sediment record of 50 years to represent the range of variability within a year is used and extended by deducing longer term inter-annual variability from suitable indicators (sediment cores in natural lakes, tree-ring chronologies, etc.) It was concluded that over the past centuries, water inflows in a period of 50 years could typically vary by about 10% while sediment inflows could vary by about 20%. The resilience of flushing rules derived solely on the recorded data set over centuries-long periods was tested using a long-term computer simulation of reservoir sedimentation. The simulations showed that some modifications to the rule would increase its performance over centuries-long period. Although the approach was derived for a specific project, it is based on some generally applicable parameters such as the discharge at which operation stops and moving average of the annual peak flow.","PeriodicalId":54569,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Water Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74885372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Higher-order turbulence around simple and complex piers using Particle Image Velocimetry 用粒子图像测速法测量简单和复杂桥墩周围的高阶湍流

IF 1.1 4区工程技术

Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Water Management Pub Date : 2023-02-16 DOI: 10.1680/jwama.22.00017

Priyanka Gautam, T. Eldho, B. S. Mazumder, M. Behera

{"title":"Higher-order turbulence around simple and complex piers using Particle Image Velocimetry","authors":"Priyanka Gautam, T. Eldho, B. S. Mazumder, M. Behera","doi":"10.1680/jwama.22.00017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jwama.22.00017","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study is to explore the higher-order turbulence statistics of flow and turbulent length scales around a complex pier (CP) and compare the results with that of a simple pier (SP). The velocity data were recorded in a laboratory flume using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). The PIV data were analyzed to estimate the velocity fluctuations of third-order, turbulence production, and dissipation rates, turbulent length scales and the contributions of burst-sweep events to the total Reynolds shear stress around the piers mounted on a rigid flat surface. The skewness and advection coefficients indicate a more asymmetric distribution of velocity fluctuations for SP than that of CP. The ejection and sweep events illustrate the dominance of similar strengths for an extended period, downstream of the piers. The upstream TKE production was similar for both the piers, while the upstream dissipation rate is higher for CP than SP. The length scales show greater values at the upstream and lower values at the downstream of SP than CP. The findings show the importance of the pile-cap in restricting the downward moving flow by showing a lower magnitude of scour-causing turbulence parameters for CP than SP.","PeriodicalId":54569,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Water Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80066535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A few versions of the drainage-area ratio method for transfer of daily or monthly stream flows 几个版本的排水面积比法转移每日或每月的溪流流量

IF 1.1 4区工程技术

Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Water Management Pub Date : 2023-02-02 DOI: 10.1680/jwama.21.00091

T. Haktanir, A. Aydemir, Nese Acanal

引用次数: 1

Water Management: Referees 2022 水管理:裁判员2022

4区工程技术

Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Water Management Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1680/jwama.2023.176.1.51

引用次数: 0

Award-winning paper in 2021 2021年获奖论文

4区工程技术

Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Water Management Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1680/jwama.2023.176.1.50

引用次数: 0

Effects of collars on local scour around semi-circular end bridge abutments 围护圈对半圆端桥台局部冲刷的影响

IF 1.1 4区工程技术

Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Water Management Pub Date : 2023-01-31 DOI: 10.1680/jwama.21.00011

M. Gogus, Sueyla Daskin, Serkan Gokmener

{"title":"Effects of collars on local scour around semi-circular end bridge abutments","authors":"M. Gogus, Sueyla Daskin, Serkan Gokmener","doi":"10.1680/jwama.21.00011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jwama.21.00011","url":null,"abstract":"The occurrence of scour around bridge elements by the transportation of bed material during flood events can cause serious structural damages and loss of lives. Furthermore, increased uncertainty of precipitation and runoff prediction due to climate change makes this phenomenon more complex and dangerous nowadays. So, bridge scour countermeasures should be more focused on decreasing scour formation around bridge elements. In this study, abutment scour under clear-water conditions with constant flow intensity was conducted and collars were tested as scour countermeasures around semi-circular end bridge abutments. The experimental study was performed in a rectangular channel with an almost uniform cohesionless bed material for 3 h with and without collars. Collars of various lengths located at different elevations around the abutments were tested to investigate the effect of collars on scour development. Based on the experimental results of the study, it was concluded that scour depths decreased with increasing collar width and the collar was placed below the bed level for a given abutment length. The results of this study were compared with those of similar earlier studies to show the effect of abutment shape, size of the bed sediment and test durations on the development of scour depth around the abutments.","PeriodicalId":54569,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Water Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79030739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0