Systems Engineering最新文献_第10页

Functions of ADP-ribose transferases in the maintenance of telomere integrity. ADP-ribose 转移酶在维护端粒完整性中的功能。

IF 8 3区工程技术

Systems Engineering Pub Date : 2022-03-29 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04235-z

Daniela Muoio, Natalie Laspata, Elise Fouquerel

{"title":"Functions of ADP-ribose transferases in the maintenance of telomere integrity.","authors":"Daniela Muoio, Natalie Laspata, Elise Fouquerel","doi":"10.1007/s00018-022-04235-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00018-022-04235-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The ADP-ribose transferase (ART) family comprises 17 enzymes that catalyze mono- or poly-ADP-ribosylation, a post-translational modification of proteins. Present in all subcellular compartments, ARTs are implicated in a growing number of biological processes including DNA repair, replication, transcription regulation, intra- and extra-cellular signaling, viral infection and cell death. Five members of the family, PARP1, PARP2, PARP3, tankyrase 1 and tankyrase 2 are mainly described for their crucial functions in the maintenance of genome stability. It is well established that the most describedrole of PARP1, 2 and 3 is the repair of DNA lesions while tankyrases 1 and 2 are crucial for maintaining the integrity of telomeres. Telomeres, nucleoprotein complexes located at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes, utilize their unique structure and associated set of proteins to orchestrate the mechanisms necessary for their own protection and replication. While the functions of tankyrases 1 and 2 at telomeres are well known, several studies have also brought PARP1, 2 and 3 to the forefront of telomere protection. The singular quality of the telomeric environment has highlighted protein interactions and molecular pathways distinct from those described throughout the genome. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the current knowledge on the multiple roles of PARP1, PARP2, PARP3, tankyrase 1 and tankyrase 2 in the maintenance and preservation of telomere integrity.</p>","PeriodicalId":54439,"journal":{"name":"Systems Engineering","volume":"17 1","pages":"215"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8964661/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72513445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Safety system design and overfill protection for loading asphalt onto trucks 沥青卡车装载安全系统设计及超载保护

IF 2 3区工程技术

Systems Engineering Pub Date : 2022-03-26 DOI: 10.1002/sys.21620

Wendy Ampadu, H. Malik, Ray Diezmos, Jeremy Hyslob

引用次数: 0

An experimentation framework for validating architectural properties as proxies for the ilities 用于验证作为功能代理的体系结构属性的实验框架

IF 2 3区工程技术

Systems Engineering Pub Date : 2022-03-15 DOI: 10.1002/sys.21618

A. Salado

引用次数: 1

Impacts of work‐at‐home policies on systems engineers and the general population 工作在家政策对系统工程师和一般人群的影响

IF 2 3区工程技术

Systems Engineering Pub Date : 2022-03-03 DOI: 10.1002/sys.21617

Maria Jose Perez‐Pereda, Pouria Babvey, J. Ramírez-Márquez, Kara Pepe, D. Verma

引用次数: 0

Issue Information 问题信息

IF 2 3区工程技术

Systems Engineering Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.1002/sys.21583

引用次数: 0

Optimal verification strategies in multi‐firm projects 多公司项目的最优验证策略

IF 2 3区工程技术

Systems Engineering Pub Date : 2022-02-22 DOI: 10.1002/sys.21615

Aditya U. Kulkarni, A. Salado, Christian Wernz

{"title":"Optimal verification strategies in multi‐firm projects","authors":"Aditya U. Kulkarni, A. Salado, Christian Wernz","doi":"10.1002/sys.21615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sys.21615","url":null,"abstract":"Verification activities are intended to reduce the costs of system development by identifying design errors before deploying the system. However, subcontractors in multifirm projects are motivated to implement locally cost‐effective verification strategies over verification strategies that benefit the main contractor. Incentivizing verification activities is one mechanism by which the contractor can motivate subcontractors to implement verification strategies desirable to the contractor. Prior work on mathematical models of verification in systems engineering has neither explored optimal verification strategies nor incentives in multi‐firm projects. In this paper, we present a modeling concept for determining optimal verification strategies in multi‐firm projects. Our models are belief‐based, which means that contractors and subcontractors incorporate their at times limited knowledge about true verification state through a probabilistic assessment of possible states. We develop an initial two‐level model, where one contractor directly works with multiple subcontractors at the next lower level. This model is then extended to a general network model with multiple, multilevel contractor‐subcontractor relationship. We derive solution algorithms that characterize the optimal verification strategies and incentives for each of the firms. Our work contributes to the systems engineering literature by laying the foundation for the study of incentives as a mechanism to align verification activities in multi‐firm systems engineering projects.","PeriodicalId":54439,"journal":{"name":"Systems Engineering","volume":"25 1","pages":"254 - 270"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50881969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Applying real system age to DoD systems 将真实系统年龄应用于DoD系统

IF 2 3区工程技术

Systems Engineering Pub Date : 2022-02-12 DOI: 10.1002/sys.21614

James R. Enos

引用次数: 1

Multi‐objective approach to forecast design refresh time due to COTS obsolescence 预测COTS过时导致的设计刷新时间的多目标方法

IF 2 3区工程技术

Systems Engineering Pub Date : 2022-02-09 DOI: 10.1002/sys.21613

B. Ozkan, Serol Bulkan

{"title":"Multi‐objective approach to forecast design refresh time due to COTS obsolescence","authors":"B. Ozkan, Serol Bulkan","doi":"10.1002/sys.21613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sys.21613","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to provide program managers and systems engineers with a novel algorithm in determining the design refresh time (DRT) of sustainment‐dominated systems due to COTS obsolescence. Most of the research done so far has focused on cost optimization. The main contribution of the study is two‐fold. First, besides cost optimization, we have introduced efficiency optimization within a balanced approach to determine the DRT, under multiple objectives. Second, we used a set‐based approach over the hypervolume quality values of solutions rather than population‐based Pareto solutions. We proposed a discrete‐time simulation model by using Multi‐Objective Evolutionary Algorithms where the deterioration over the quality values of Pareto solution sets is used as an indicator for a DRT. We supported the proposed mathematical model in theory with empirical findings from a case study for a sustainment‐dominated Naval Command and Control System that was designed in 2004 and deployed in 2007. We ran the simulation as for 2007 and conducted an analysis over the cost and operational efficiency objectives to compare the situation experienced in real life against the simulation outputs of the proposed model. The results revealed that not only the total life cycle cost but also efficient operational sustainability of a system would be increased significantly if the system had gone through design refreshes as proposed by the model. We showed that the deterioration of the Pareto optimal solutions’ hypervolume quality values over time is an effective marker to decide the optimal DRT under conflicting multiple objectives.","PeriodicalId":54439,"journal":{"name":"Systems Engineering","volume":"25 1","pages":"224 - 241"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47924716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Design thinking, lean startup, and high‐technology marketing for human‐centered systems engineering 以人为本的系统工程的设计思维、精益创业和高科技营销

IF 2 3区工程技术

Systems Engineering Pub Date : 2022-02-03 DOI: 10.1002/sys.21612

K. J. Weiland, Jessica R. L. Knizhnik

{"title":"Design thinking, lean startup, and high‐technology marketing for human‐centered systems engineering","authors":"K. J. Weiland, Jessica R. L. Knizhnik","doi":"10.1002/sys.21612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sys.21612","url":null,"abstract":"The use of design thinking, lean startup, and high‐technology marketing in systems engineering is presented as a case study. All were used and evaluated for their potential to improve systems engineering processes and design, address the challenges of culture change, increase the adoption rate of new technology, and engage with potential users and sponsors more effectively. Multiple examples of training and use on a Model‐Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) initiative at a large government agency showcase how these approaches were tailored and used successfully for significant benefits such as enhanced collaboration and better problem definition and design solutions. Challenges remain for use by quiet thinkers and with virtual teams. These new ways of thinking are well aligned with creating and using new technologies and are suitable for situations involving innovation, uncertainty, and change within organizations. This case study intends to familiarize systems engineers with the application of these human‐centered approaches, to interest systems engineers in incorporating these approaches into their work processes, and to inspire the systems engineering research community to investigate further.","PeriodicalId":54439,"journal":{"name":"Systems Engineering","volume":"25 1","pages":"207 - 223"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49272200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Issue Information 问题信息

IF 2 3区工程技术

Systems Engineering Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/sys.21582

引用次数: 0