Systematic Botany最新文献

{"title":"Assessing Morphological Species and Interspecific Relationships in North American Grapeferns (Sceptridium; Ophioglossaceae) Using ISSR Markers","authors":"Daniel Cao, W. Hauk","doi":"10.1600/036364422X16573019348283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1600/036364422X16573019348283","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Relationships among North American Sceptridium (sensu Škoda) species are often difficult to assess because of few stable distinguishing characters and high intraspecific variability. We used ISSR-PCR to examine relationships among four samples of Holubiella, 24 samples representing four diploid North American Sceptridium species, and a Russian Sceptridium sample. Nine ISSR primers yielded 147 polymorphic loci. We generated three neighbor-joining dendrograms using a Jaccard, Nei & Li, or Dice coefficient. All three coefficients cluster based solely on the presence of bands and not the absence. ISSR data analyses across all three coefficients were consistent with published analyses of DNA sequence data in supporting Holubiella as sister to all Sceptridium species sampled. Sister group relationships among the four Sceptridium species were not consistent across all three neighbor-joining analyses, and bootstrap support was generally low. However, 26 of the 29 samples consistently clustered with other samples of similar morphology, and these clusters generally supported current species concepts. In taxa such as Sceptridium, with low DNA sequence variability among species, ISSR-PCR may provide an important tool for evaluating morphologically defined species, but additional data are necessary for establishing robust hypotheses of phylogenetic relationships.","PeriodicalId":54438,"journal":{"name":"Systematic Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67390913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vegetative and Trichome Morphology Distinguish the Monardella ovata Species Complex from the Monardella odoratissima Species Complex: Taxonomic Studies in Monardella (Lamiaceae) VII","authors":"M. Elvin, R. B. Kelley, B. Drew","doi":"10.1600/036364422X16573019348247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1600/036364422X16573019348247","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Monardella (Lamiaceae) is a taxonomically complex western North American genus ranging from the Pacific coast to the western slopes of the Rocky Mountains and from southern British Columbia in Canada to the Cape region of Baja California Sur in Mexico. We applied a combination of gross vegetative morphology, trichome morphology and abundance/distribution, and molecular data to clarify taxonomic discontinuities, specifically regarding the monophyly of plants formerly treated within Monardella odoratissima. The data suggest a clear distinction between the non-monophyletic M. odoratissima species complex and the M. ovata species complex, thus resolving taxonomic ambiguities within and between them. We formally recognize plants from southern Oregon, northern California, and western Nevada previously misapplied to M. odoratissima as belonging to the M. ovata species complex. We introduce the following taxonomic and nomenclatural revisions: describe M. ovata Greene subsp. lenmaniae as a novel subspecies; present M. ovata subsp. pallida at a new position and rank; recognize M. modocensis, M. ovata, and M. rubella as accepted taxa; designate lectotypes for M. modocensis and M. rubella; and designate M. californica and M. tortifolia as new synonyms under M. ovata.","PeriodicalId":54438,"journal":{"name":"Systematic Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44588122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two New Species of Phyllanthus (Phyllanthaceae) from Southeastern Brazil","authors":"Jone Clebson RIBEIRO MENDES, João Marcelo ALVARENGA BRAGA, C. N. Fraga, R. Pereira-Silva, M. Sales, S. Athiê-Souza","doi":"10.1600/036364422X16573019348382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1600/036364422X16573019348382","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Two new species, Phyllanthus lilliputianus and Phyllanthus sobralii are described for the Atlantic Forest of Southeastern Brazil, for the states of Espírito Santo and Minas Gerais, respectively. The presence of deeply emarginate anthers and four-colporate pollen grains with reticulate and microreticulate exine indicate that both species belong to Phyllanthus sect. Phyllanthus subsect. Claussenianii. Phyllanthus lilliputianus is an erect and small herb, with mucilaginous-hyaline branchlets, stipules, and petiole, an elliptical leaf blade that is membranaceous and sparsely mucilaginous-hyaline, staminate flowers with 5 sepals rhombic to widely obovate, and pistillate flowers with 5 slightly unguiculate sepals. P. sobralii is characterized by an herbaceous habit, with cylindrical branchlets that are glabrous, fractiflex and pinnatiform, leaf blades broadly elliptical to oval-elliptical, turquoise with prominent ribs on both surfaces, staminate and pistillate flowers with 5 sepals, with an accentuated central strip. Detailed description, colored plates, line drawing, notes on distribution, and conservation assessment are provided below.","PeriodicalId":54438,"journal":{"name":"Systematic Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46369219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crossability and Genetic Characterization of a North American Representative of Ipomoea grandifolia (Convolvulaceae), a Member of Ipomoea Series Batatas","authors":"I. Liao, Avery H. Fulford, Katherine L. Ostevik, M. Rausher","doi":"10.1600/036364422X16573019348337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1600/036364422X16573019348337","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Species in the genus Ipomoea are often difficult to identify due to their similar morphologies and their ability to hybridize with one another. An undescribed North American Ipomoea morphotype in Ipomoea series Batatas, referred here as Ipomoea Carolina morphotype, was found to be morphologically, genetically, and reproductively isolated from other locally co-occurring Ipomoea species. A previous phylogenetic analysis that included a broader sampling of species in Ipomoea series Batatas suggested that Ipomoea Carolina morphotype may be Ipomoea grandifolia, a species described as found only in South America. To evaluate these findings, we tested intrinsic cross-compatibility between Ipomoea Carolina morphotype and I. grandifolia as well as with three other co-localizing North American Ipomoea species: Ipomoea cordatotriloba, Ipomoea lacunosa, and Ipomoea leucantha. We also examined genetic differentiation using single nucleotide polymorphisms from leaf transcriptomes from multiple individuals of all five species and several outgroup species. We find no cross-incompatibility and little genetic differentiation between Ipomoea Carolina morphotype and Ipomoea grandifolia, suggesting that Ipomoea Carolina morphotype is a representative of Ipomoea grandifolia. This finding raises additional questions about the origins of Ipomoea grandifolia in North America and how its disjunct distribution could play a role in the divergence of Ipomoea grandifolia in the future.","PeriodicalId":54438,"journal":{"name":"Systematic Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43278862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biogeography of Zehneria (Cucurbitaceae) and a New Species from India","authors":"V. Ranjan, A. Kumar, G. Krishna, H. Schaefer","doi":"10.1600/036364422X16573019348274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1600/036364422X16573019348274","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Zehneria is one of the most diverse genera in Cucurbitaceae with 75 accepted species mainly in Southeast Asia and tropical Africa. Here, we describe Zehneria neorensis, a new species from Neora Valley in the mountains of West Bengal, India, which has 7–10 cm long twisted fruiting pedicels, the longest pedicels reported in the genus so far. Based on morphological data, we also suggest the transfer of Melothria morobensis to the genus Zehneria. With a molecular phylogenetic and global biogeographic analysis based on 3856 nucleotides of plastid and nuclear ribosomal DNA, we demonstrate that the genus Zehneria most likely originated on the African continent 24 (30–19) million years ago and spread from there at least five times to Madagascar and three times to Asia. Zehneria neorensis represents an independent colonization event from Africa to India about 11 (15–7) million years ago. Three lineages reached New Guinea/Australia and finally moved into Polynesia. We infer a rate of at least 20 long-distance dispersal (LDD) events per 10 million years in the genus. This high LDD frequency is most likely a result of the small berry fruits and small flattened seeds of Zehneria, which seem perfectly adapted to long-distance bird dispersal. Field observations are needed to investigate a potential effect of the newly discovered extended and coiling pedicels in Zehneria neorensis on seed dispersal efficiency. The new species adds to a growing list of rather old Cucurbitaceae lineages in the Himalayan foothills, supporting the hypothesis of long climatic stability in the region.","PeriodicalId":54438,"journal":{"name":"Systematic Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47666953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Expanded Plastid Phylogeny of Tectaria (Tectariaceae), with Description of Four New Species from the Solomon Islands","authors":"S. Dong, Cheng-Wei Chen, Shi-Shi Tan, L. Huang, Shu-Han Li","doi":"10.1600/036364422X16512572274981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1600/036364422X16512572274981","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Recent molecular phylogenetic studies have identified four major clades within the fern genus Tectaria but none of them is supported by any morphological characters. Here we present an expanded phylogeny of Tectaria based on five plastid markers (atpB, ndhF + ndhF-trnN, rbcL, rps16-matK + matK, and trnL-F), with a particular focus on the species from Asia to the Solomon Islands. Our aims are to infer the systematic position of newly included species, providing insights to interspecific relationships of some species groups, and to determine the identity of some specimens with distinct morphology. As a result, three major clades and a total of 14 lineages are identified in Asia to the Solomon Islands. The 19 newly sampled species were well resolved in the phylogenetic tree, of which T. lobbii (representative of rare rheophytes in Tectaria) was confirmed as belonging in the T. angulata–T. vanikoroensis lineage. Four new species from the Solomon Islands, T. acrophoroides, T. glenniana, T. pallescens, and T. vanikoroensis, are recognized and described. Phylogenetic and morphological evidence suggests frequent hybridizations between T. crenata and T. decurrens from Malesia to the Solomon Islands, and between T. devexa and T. simonsii in mainland Asia and adjacent islands, which render the obscure species boundaries within the two groups.","PeriodicalId":54438,"journal":{"name":"Systematic Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44338961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Revision of Chusquea sect. Serpentes (Bambuseae, Bambusoideae, Poaceae) Including Two New Species from South America","authors":"Elizabeth McMurchie, B. Peterson, Thales D. Leandro, X. Londoño, L. Clark","doi":"10.1600/036364422X16512572275007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1600/036364422X16512572275007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Neotropical woody bamboo genus Chusquea consists of 193 currently described species ranging from central Mexico and the Caribbean to Chile and Argentina, primarily in montane habitats. The six previously described species of Chusquea subg. Chusquea sect. Serpentes are scandent in habit, with infravaginal branching, few subsidiary buds per complement, and foliage leaves that tend to be relatively large compared to those of other members of Chusquea s.s. A review of available material of Chusquea sect. Serpentes, found throughout montane forests from Mexico south to the central Andes in Peru, revealed at least two undescribed species. One of the new species, Chusquea recurvata, is native to Venezuelan montane forests and is distinguished from Chusquea serpens by having circular central buds, asymmetrical, acute inner foliage leaf ligules, and 6–12 foliage leaves per complement. The other new species, Chusquea acutigluma, has been found only in and around the Risaralda gorge in Colombia, and differs from all other known South American species of Chusquea sect. Serpentes by its broadly open paniculate synflorescences. This paper includes (re-)descriptions of all known species of Chusquea sect. Serpentes, along with detailed photographs of the two newly described species, and a vegetative morphological key to the eight species belonging to the section. The morphology and foliage leaf micromorphology and anatomy of the two newly described species are compared to C. serpens, to which they show the greatest macromorphological similarity.","PeriodicalId":54438,"journal":{"name":"Systematic Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42057995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Genus Sisyrinchium (Iridaceae) in Sierra Madre Occidental, Mexico: A New Species, Richness and Distribution","authors":"Heriberto ÁVILA-GONZÁLEZ, J. González-Gallegos, Guadalupe Munguía-Lino, A. Castro‐Castro","doi":"10.1600/036364422X16512564801641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1600/036364422X16512564801641","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Several taxonomic novelties of the genus Sisyrinchium have been presented recently, so for some specialists this reveals the need of more systematic studies on the genus to better understand its diversity. They have also pointed out some regions as those of more priority to be explored. One of these is northwestern Mexico, in which after a floristic inventory in a Natural Protected Area in Sierra Madre Occidental, a new species was discovered. It is here described and illustrated as Sisyrinchium jacquelineanum, and diagnosed against S. polycladum, the morphologically most similar species. It differs from this by the growth habit, position of root thickenings, absence of fibrous remnants of old leaves at the base of the stem, flower size, and in the shape and pubescence of the capsules. An identification key for the 16 species of Sisyrinchium present in the Sierra Madre Occidental and an analysis of their richness patterns throughout this province are also provided. Resumen Varias novedades taxonómicas del género Sisyrinchium han sido presentadas recientemente, lo que para varios especialistas revela la necesidad de más estudios sistemáticos del género para comprender mejor su diversidad. También han señalado algunas regiones como aquellas prioritarias para ser exploradas. Entre ellas se encuentra el noroeste de México, en el cual después de un inventario florístico en una Área Natural Protegida en la Sierra Madre Occidental, una especie nueva fue descubierta. Aquí se describe e ilustra como Sisyrinchium jacquelineanum, y se contrasta con S. polycladum, la especie morfológicamente más similar. Difiere de esta por el hábito de crecimiento, la ubicación de los engrosamientos de la raíz, ausencia de restos fibrosos de las hojas viejas en la base del tallo, tamaño de las flores, y por la forma y pubescencia de las cápsulas. También se provee una clave de identificación para las 16 especies de Sisyrinchium presentes en la Sierra Madre Occidental y un análisis de sus patrones de riqueza en toda esta provincia.","PeriodicalId":54438,"journal":{"name":"Systematic Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45981322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Generic Taxonomic Synopsis of the Pleurophyllum Clade (Asteraceae: Astereae: Celmisiinae) with the Recognition of the New Zealand Endemic New Genus Macrolearia","authors":"P. Saldivia, S. Wagstaff, I. Breitwieser, D. Orlovich, J. Lord","doi":"10.1600/036364422X16512564801722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1600/036364422X16512564801722","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Pleurophyllum clade is one of two main clades within subtribe Celmisiinae (Astereae) and includes 10 species almost entirely restricted to New Zealand (one species also occurs in the Australian Macquarie Islands), with seven of them confined to Stewart Island/ Rakiura and the outlying Chatham and subantarctic islands. The clade is defined by its purple to dark red cyathiform disc corollas, which are absent from the other members of Celmisiinae. A new generic taxonomy of the clade is presented here with the recognition of three genera: Pleurophyllum with three species, Damnamenia (monotypic), and Macrolearia, a new genus segregated from Olearia, which is described here to accommodate the six species and one hybrid previously known as the “macrocephalous olearias.” The main morphological differences between the three genera lie in the growth form, trichome types of leaves and disc corollas, morphology of the style branches, presence/ absence of staminodes, and cypselae morphology. These morphological differences are also discussed within subtribe, tribe, and family contexts, and special consideration is given to the use of the “megaherb growth form” concept for Pleurophyllum. The allopatric distribution of the three recognized genera is also stressed. Seven new combinations: Macrolearia angustifolia, Macrolearia oporina, Macrolearia semidentata, Macrolearia chathamica, Macrolearia colensoi, Macrolearia lyallii, and Macrolearia × traillii, and five new synonyms are proposed, and four names are lectotypified. Taxonomic keys are provided for genera and species.","PeriodicalId":54438,"journal":{"name":"Systematic Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45908539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calea sessilifolia (Asteraceae, Neurolaeneae), a New Species from the Diamantina Plateau, Minas Gerais, Brazil","authors":"Vinicius R. Bueno, G. Heiden","doi":"10.1600/036364422X16512564801687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1600/036364422X16512564801687","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A new species of Calea belonging to the Calea myrtifolia complex is described. Calea sessilifolia stands out by the unusual herbaceous habit 0.1 to 0.25 m tall and sessile leaves compared with the remaining species of the complex. The new species is related to Calea arachnoidea, C. heteropappa, and C. semirii due the polylength pappus scales, but is easily distinguished by its height 0.1–0.25 m tall (vs. 0.3–2 m), sessile leaves (vs. petiolate leaves), acrodromous venation (vs. camptodromous or semicraspedodromous), and capitulescence of solitary capitula or rarely a dichasiform cyme and few-branched (vs. branched dichasiform cyme). The new species is described, its taxonomic affinities are discussed, and its main vegetative and reproductive structures are illustrated. In addition, a key for identification and one map with the geographic distribution of the species of Calea bearing polylength pappus scales from Calea myrtifolia complex are provided.","PeriodicalId":54438,"journal":{"name":"Systematic Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47073167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}