Toxicology in Vitro最新文献_第2页

Testing chemicals for CYP19 inhibition: Comparison of a modified H295R steroidogenesis assay to a commercial fluorometric enzyme inhibition kit 检测CYP19抑制的化学物质：改良的H295R甾体生成试验与商业荧光酶抑制试剂盒的比较。

IF 2.6 3区医学

Toxicology in Vitro Pub Date : 2025-07-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2025.106108

Caroline Despicht, Kieu-Mi Tran, Terje Svingen, Anna Kjerstine Rosenmai

{"title":"Testing chemicals for CYP19 inhibition: Comparison of a modified H295R steroidogenesis assay to a commercial fluorometric enzyme inhibition kit","authors":"Caroline Despicht, Kieu-Mi Tran, Terje Svingen, Anna Kjerstine Rosenmai","doi":"10.1016/j.tiv.2025.106108","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tiv.2025.106108","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aromatase (CYP19A1) is a key enzyme that converts androgens to estrogens. Given its central role in estrogen biosynthesis, aromatase is a target of endocrine disruption. Aromatase disruption can be measured in vitro with cell-free enzyme assays or using cells expressing CYP19A1. Results may vary between models, as cell-based models can have adaptive responses not present in enzyme assays. Here, we have compared 21 chemicals for their ability to affect aromatase by direct and indirect disruption using an aromatase commercial kit and a modified H295R steroidogenesis assay. New data was generated for eighteen test compounds in either one or both of the models. Chemicals eliciting a response could be divided into five categories: 1) substances that decreased the response in both models, 2) substances that directly inhibited aromatase, but increased 17β-estradiol (E2) levels in H295R assay, 3) substances that directly inhibited aromatase, but did not affect E2 levels in H295R assay, 4) substances that did not inhibit aromatase activity, but increased E2 levels in the H295R model, and 5) substances that did not alter responses in either of the assays. These results illustrate that both assays are useful for assessing the potential of chemicals to affect E2 levels either through direct aromatase inhibition or other indirect mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54423,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology in Vitro","volume":"109 ","pages":"Article 106108"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144644153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

E171-induced toxicity in human iPSC-derived colon organoids: Effects on cell viability, ROS generation, DNA damage, and gene expression changes e171诱导的人类ipsc衍生的结肠类器官毒性：对细胞活力、ROS生成、DNA损伤和基因表达变化的影响

IF 2.6 3区医学

Toxicology in Vitro Pub Date : 2025-07-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2025.106105

Nicolaj S. Bischoff , Anna K. Undas , Marcel van Herwijnen , Marcha Verheijen , Jacco J. Briedé , Simone G. van Breda , Dick T.H.M. Sijm , Theo M. de Kok

{"title":"E171-induced toxicity in human iPSC-derived colon organoids: Effects on cell viability, ROS generation, DNA damage, and gene expression changes","authors":"Nicolaj S. Bischoff , Anna K. Undas , Marcel van Herwijnen , Marcha Verheijen , Jacco J. Briedé , Simone G. van Breda , Dick T.H.M. Sijm , Theo M. de Kok","doi":"10.1016/j.tiv.2025.106105","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tiv.2025.106105","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Food-grade titanium dioxide (E171) is a widely used food additive with debated safety, particularly regarding its genotoxic effects. This study assessed the dose-dependent toxicity of E171 in human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived colon organoids. Organoids were exposed to E171 (0.1–1000 μg/mL) for 24 h, and effects on cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, DNA damage, and gene expression were evaluated.</div><div>Results showed no impact on cell viability but a dose-dependent increase in ROS formation, peaking at 1000 μg/mL. Electrospin Resonance Spectroscopy (ESR) showed a dose-dependent increase in ROS, with increased E171 concentrations. The alkaline comet assay revealed significant DNA damage from 100 μg/mL, with oxidative DNA damage detected at 10 μg/mL using formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase (FPG). RNA sequencing identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at 100 and 250 μg/mL, linked to translational activity, signal transduction, and DNA damage repair. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) indicated activation of ribosome, chemical carcinogenesis–ROS, and metabolic pathways (carbon metabolism, glycolysis), while key regulatory pathways (Wnt, MAPK, PI3K-Akt) were suppressed.</div><div>These findings suggest that E171 induces oxidative stress and DNA damage, modulating transcriptomic pathways associated with metabolism, proliferation, and cancer. Further research is necessary to determine its long-term effects on human gastrointestinal health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54423,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology in Vitro","volume":"108 ","pages":"Article 106105"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144614228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The protective mechanisms of glycyrrhizic acid for deoxynivalenol-induced toxicity in rabbit corneal stroma 甘草酸对脱氧雪腐镰刀醇致兔角膜基质毒性的保护机制。

IF 2.6 3区医学

Toxicology in Vitro Pub Date : 2025-07-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2025.106104

Chunlan Liang , Xuewei Xiong , Qi Shi , Qingqing Li , Guocheng Yu , Jingxiang Zhong , Lian Liu

{"title":"The protective mechanisms of glycyrrhizic acid for deoxynivalenol-induced toxicity in rabbit corneal stroma","authors":"Chunlan Liang , Xuewei Xiong , Qi Shi , Qingqing Li , Guocheng Yu , Jingxiang Zhong , Lian Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.tiv.2025.106104","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tiv.2025.106104","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of deoxynivalenol (DON) on rabbit corneal stroma cell culture and observe the protective effect of glycyrrhizic acid (GA) against DON-induced damage.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Rabbit corneal stromal cells (RCSCs) were isolated and divided into groups: control group (CON), 0.5 mmol/L GA (GA group), 400 ng/mL DON (DON group), and 0.5 mmol/L GA + 400 ng/mL DON (GAD). The effect of GA on RCSCs induced by DON was evaluated using various assays, including CCK-8 assay, Flow cytometry, qPCR, and Western blot.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>DON inhibited RCSCs proliferation, increased apoptosis, and raised the proportion of cells in the S and G2/M phase. It raised reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Additionally, DON upregulated Bax, Caspase-3, inflammatory factors (IL-1α, IL-1β, TNF-α), and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-1/8), while downregulating tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMP-1) and type I collagen. In contrast, GA partially restored RCSCs proliferation and reduced apoptosis, inflammation, and collagen degradation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>DON can induce toxicity in RCSCs, promoting the expression of inflammatory factors, disrupting the balance between MMP-1/8 and TIMP-1, and promoting type I collagen degradation. Conversely, GA reduces the oxidative stress damage, cell apoptosis, and inflammatory reaction of RCSCs induced by DON, and reduces the degradation of type I collagen.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54423,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology in Vitro","volume":"108 ","pages":"Article 106104"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144568074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “Assessing the safety of midazolam: A comprehensive analysis of adverse events from FAERS” [Toxicology in vitro 105 (2025) 106023] “咪达唑仑的安全性评估：FAERS不良事件的综合分析”的更正[体外毒理学105 (2025)106023]

IF 2.6 3区医学

Toxicology in Vitro Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2025.106103

Jieyuan Chen , Zhaojun Wang , Li Wei , Songsong Mao

引用次数: 0

Dodecyldimethylamine oxide may induce lysosomal-associated cell death: Potential lipotoxicity 十二烷基二甲胺氧化物可能诱导溶酶体相关细胞死亡：潜在的脂肪毒性。

IF 2.6 3区医学

Toxicology in Vitro Pub Date : 2025-06-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2025.106102

Eun-Jung Park , Minseok Seo , Wonkyun Jung , Hyosun Choi , Ji Ae Lee

{"title":"Dodecyldimethylamine oxide may induce lysosomal-associated cell death: Potential lipotoxicity","authors":"Eun-Jung Park , Minseok Seo , Wonkyun Jung , Hyosun Choi , Ji Ae Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.tiv.2025.106102","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tiv.2025.106102","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dodecyldimethylamine oxide (DDAO) is one of the most commonly used chemicals in household products, including spray types. We identified the potential toxicity mechanism using human bronchial epithelial cells. After 6 h of exposure, DDAO decreased cell viability (non-apoptotic cell death) and formed numerous small artificial vacuoles in the cytoplasm. Cellular impedance decreased rapidly following exposure to DDAO, and condensation of the inner mitochondrial membrane, an increased level of cytochrome C, and a decrease in ATP production and mitochondrial volume were observed in DDAO-treated cells, affecting the level of second messengers. Impaired intracellular components, including lamellar bodies, were also found within the mitochondria or vacuoles. While the secretion of chemotactic cytokines decreased, the levels of IL-6, IL-11, MMP-1, and MMP-3 increased. Furthermore, DDAO enhanced the expression of the LAMP-2 protein and notably increased the volume of acidic compartments. More importantly, the expression of lipid metabolism-related genes was most affected following DDAO treatment. Considering that the volume of acidic compartments decreased rapidly at a concentration of 40 μg/mL, we suggest that DDAO may induce lysosomal-associated cell death (possible lipotoxicity) through structural damage to the cell (mitochondria) membrane, and that lysosomal membrane proteins may contribute to protecting cells from DDAO-induced impacts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54423,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology in Vitro","volume":"108 ","pages":"Article 106102"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144509379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

In vitro evaluation of antimicrobial food packaging: Assessing its inflammatory and sensitization potential 抗菌食品包装的体外评价：评估其炎症和致敏潜力

IF 2.6 3区医学

Toxicology in Vitro Pub Date : 2025-06-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2025.106083

Franziska Trodtfeld, Cornelia Wiegand

{"title":"In vitro evaluation of antimicrobial food packaging: Assessing its inflammatory and sensitization potential","authors":"Franziska Trodtfeld, Cornelia Wiegand","doi":"10.1016/j.tiv.2025.106083","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tiv.2025.106083","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Skin sensitization is a key endpoint in chemical safety assessment for cosmetics and personal care products and is increasingly suggested for consideration in the evaluation of packaging materials, especially food packaging materials. Keratinocyte activation, involving oxidative stress, cytokine release, and the engagement of stress-related signaling pathways, represents an early and critical event in this process. In this study, we evaluated the responses of primary keratinocytes (PK), epidermis equivalents exposed to solutions (Epi-Sol), and coatings (Epi-Coat) to known skin sensitizers and antimicrobial agents included in food packaging.</div><div>Cytokine measurements (IL-1α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-18), gene expression profiling of stress and immune-related genes (<em>HMOX1, MMP10, DUSP1, HSP90AA1, ICAM1, IL4R, IL23A, IL33</em>), and histological analyses were performed. PK models exhibited the strongest and most diverse responses, with consistent <em>HMOX1</em> upregulation and robust inflammatory signaling. Epi-Sol models exhibited moderate responses, whereas Epi-Coat models showed lower reactivity, emphasizing the impact of both exposure method and model selection. Nanoparticles (Ag-NPs, ZnO-NPs) triggered exposure-dependent effects, with coatings limiting inflammatory signaling and tissue penetration. Histological changes confirmed barrier disruption and keratinocyte hyperproliferation in models exposed to stronger sensitizers.</div><div>Overall, these findings demonstrate that no single biomarker or model is sufficient for accurate safety assessment and support the use of multi-test, multi-endpoint evaluation strategies — particularly for emerging applications like food-contact materials — to ensure reliable hazard identification and material safety evaluation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54423,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology in Vitro","volume":"108 ","pages":"Article 106083"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144312903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “Integrative toxicity assessment of tocotrienol-rich fraction from palm oil using in silico methods and zebrafish embryotoxicity model” [Toxicology in Vitro, 107 (2025) 106062] “利用计算机方法和斑马鱼胚胎毒性模型对棕榈油中富含生育三烯醇的部分进行综合毒性评估”的勘误表[体外毒理学，107 (2025)106062]

IF 2.6 3区医学

Toxicology in Vitro Pub Date : 2025-06-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2025.106099

Thenmoly Damodaran , Najib Sani Yahaya , Mohd Nizam Mordi

引用次数: 0

Effects of an environmental chemical mixture on early-stage embryo development: In vitro evidence from human embryonic stem cells 环境化学混合物对早期胚胎发育的影响：来自人类胚胎干细胞的体外证据。

IF 2.6 3区医学

Toxicology in Vitro Pub Date : 2025-06-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2025.106101

Bai Li , Yihang Kevin Pan , Xiaolei Jin , Hing Man Chan

{"title":"Effects of an environmental chemical mixture on early-stage embryo development: In vitro evidence from human embryonic stem cells","authors":"Bai Li , Yihang Kevin Pan , Xiaolei Jin , Hing Man Chan","doi":"10.1016/j.tiv.2025.106101","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tiv.2025.106101","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Environmental chemicals are known risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, the effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of chemical mixtures are less studied. This study investigated the effects of a mixture containing 23 chemicals reported in blood samples of Nunavik pregnant women, termed the Nunavik Chemical Mixture (NCM), on embryo development using human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). hESCs were exposed to 0-100X of NCM (X is the sum of geometric mean concentrations of NCM's components) for 24 h and 6 d Cell viability, apoptosis, stress response, cell cycle, cytoskeleton, autophagy, and expression of lineage marker genes/proteins were measured after exposures. NCM decreased cell viability and adhesion, induced apoptosis, disrupted the cell cycle, and altered the expression of cytoskeleton, autophagy proteins, and lineage marker genes/proteins in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggested that NCM affected embryo development, leading to potential adverse pregnancy outcomes if it occurs <em>in vivo</em>. Moreover, the effects caused by NCM were different from those caused by the same doses of MeHg alone that we previously found, indicating potential interactions among components within the mixture. Our results highlight the importance of considering the potential combined effects of chemical mixtures when assessing health risks in populations exposed to various environmental chemicals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54423,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology in Vitro","volume":"108 ","pages":"Article 106101"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144295312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

CiPA-qualified human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes: A new frontier in toxicity testing by evaluating drug-induced arrhythmias cipa合格的人ipsc衍生心肌细胞：通过评估药物性心律失常进行毒性测试的新前沿。

IF 2.6 3区医学

Toxicology in Vitro Pub Date : 2025-06-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2025.106100

Vijay Bhaskar Reddy Konala , Rutuja Kuhikar , Shruti More , Matthias Gossmann , Bettina Lickiss , Peter Linder , Jaganmay Sarkar , Paresh Bhanushali , Amit Khanna

{"title":"CiPA-qualified human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes: A new frontier in toxicity testing by evaluating drug-induced arrhythmias","authors":"Vijay Bhaskar Reddy Konala , Rutuja Kuhikar , Shruti More , Matthias Gossmann , Bettina Lickiss , Peter Linder , Jaganmay Sarkar , Paresh Bhanushali , Amit Khanna","doi":"10.1016/j.tiv.2025.106100","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tiv.2025.106100","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Drug-induced arrhythmias remain a significant challenge in drug development, often leading to serious cardiovascular complications and the withdrawal of approved drugs from the market. The Comprehensive in vitro Proarrhythmia Assay (CiPA) initiative aims to enhance cardiac safety assessment by leveraging human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs). In this study, we evaluated the effects of 28 drugs on a well-characterized hiPSC-CMs (YBLiCardio, Yashraj Biotechnology Ltd., Mumbai, India) using Electric Field Potential (EFP) measurements. The CardioExcyte 96 system recorded extracellular signals from 96 wells, functioning similarly to microelectrode arrays. Each drug was tested at four concentrations, and the effects were analyzed based on dynamic changes in beat patterns, with QT prolongation assessed by measuring the interval between the sodium spike and T-wave. Our results demonstrated that YBLiCardio cells responded to all drugs in line with the findings from the HESI CiPA study. Notably, droperidol (173 %) and domperidone (182 %), originally classified as intermediate-risk compounds, were identified as high-risk in our model, consistent with previous findings by Nguyen et al. (2017). Additionally, YBLiCardio showed enhanced predictive accuracy for chlorpromazine. These findings highlight the potential of hiPSC-CMs for proarrhythmia risk assessment within the CiPA framework, complementing ion channel data and in silico modeling approaches. Overall, YBLiCardio provides a robust and physiologically relevant platform for predicting cardiotoxicity, supporting safer and more efficient pre-clinical drug discovery & development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54423,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology in Vitro","volume":"108 ","pages":"Article 106100"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144250803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Toxicoproteomic study of fipronil in SH-SY5Y cells reveals induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress and necrotic cell death as neurodegenerative mechanisms 氟虫腈在SH-SY5Y细胞中的毒性蛋白质组学研究揭示了内质网应激和坏死细胞死亡是神经退行性机制

IF 2.6 3区医学

Toxicology in Vitro Pub Date : 2025-05-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2025.106098

Theetat Ruangjaroon , N. Monique Paricharttanakul , Daranee Chokchaichamnankit , Chantragan Srisomsap , Kriengsak Lirdprapamongkol , Jisnuson Svasti

{"title":"Toxicoproteomic study of fipronil in SH-SY5Y cells reveals induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress and necrotic cell death as neurodegenerative mechanisms","authors":"Theetat Ruangjaroon , N. Monique Paricharttanakul , Daranee Chokchaichamnankit , Chantragan Srisomsap , Kriengsak Lirdprapamongkol , Jisnuson Svasti","doi":"10.1016/j.tiv.2025.106098","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tiv.2025.106098","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Exposure to pesticides has been considered as a risk factor for developing neurodegenerative diseases. The increasing use of fipronil, a phenylpyrazole insecticide, poses a risk to human health. This study aims to use toxicoproteomics for exploring neurodegenerative mechanism of fipronil in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. In this study, fipronil at sub-cytotoxic and cytotoxic concentrations (43 and 78 μM) caused increases in superoxide level from 3 to 48 h after treatment, while intracellular glutathione level was decreased at 48 h. Neurite outgrowth of the cells was impaired by fipronil at both concentrations, while significant increase of cell death via apoptosis and necrosis modes were observed with fipronil at cytotoxic concentration. Pretreatment with antioxidant <em>N</em>-acetylcysteine (NAC) effectively relieved impairment of neurite outgrowth and induction of cell death by fipronil. Proteomic analysis showed that expression of proteins involving endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and unfolded protein responses were predominantly affected by fipronil. Immunoblotting confirmed the increased expression of ER stress markers, GRP78/BiP (78 kDa glucose-regulated protein/Binding immunoglobulin protein) and PDI (protein disulfide isomerase), in fipronil-treated cells. Improved understanding of the neurotoxic mechanism of fipronil may help in developing a strategy for reducing risk of neurodegenerative development from intense and prolonged use of fipronil.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54423,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology in Vitro","volume":"108 ","pages":"Article 106098"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144178811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0