Water Quality Research Journal of Canada最新文献_第7页

Treatment of dairy wastewaters by electrocoagulation using iron electrodesTraitement des eaux résiduaires d'une laiterie par électrocoagulation avec des électrodes de fer 用铁电极电凝处理乳品废水用铁电极电凝处理乳品废水

IF 2

Water Quality Research Journal of Canada Pub Date : 2015-05-01 DOI: 10.2166/WQRJC.2014.053

Malika Aoudjehane, Mohamed Elghazali Benatallah

{"title":"Treatment of dairy wastewaters by electrocoagulation using iron electrodesTraitement des eaux résiduaires d'une laiterie par électrocoagulation avec des électrodes de fer","authors":"Malika Aoudjehane, Mohamed Elghazali Benatallah","doi":"10.2166/WQRJC.2014.053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/WQRJC.2014.053","url":null,"abstract":"A procedure of electrocoagulation (EC) using iron electrodes has been used for the treatment of the wastewaters produced by the Beni-Tamou dairy in Algeria. The effect of the operating conditions, such as the current intensity, the electrolysis time, the pH of the solution and the electrical conductivity, on the removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and the total suspended solids (TSS) has been studied. An inter-electrode distance of 1 cm has been maintained constant during the tests. It has been found that an increase in electrolysis time and current density improved the treatment significantly, albeit with a greater consumption of energy as well as an increased electrode consumption. The results of the electrocoagulation treatment under various operating conditions show that the optimal efficiency has been obtained under the following conditions: 60 minutes of electrolysis, a current density of 200 A/m2, a pH 8, an electrical conductivity of 4.72 mS/cm and a consumption energy of 13.57 kWh/m3. Under these conditions, the removal efficiency for the COD and TSS parameters is 93.26 and 99.3%, respectively. The optimal treatment conditions of dairy wastewaters have resulted in final COD and TSS concentrations of 41.5 and 27 mg/L, respectively, values that are conform to industrial liquid effluents discharge norms.","PeriodicalId":54407,"journal":{"name":"Water Quality Research Journal of Canada","volume":"50 1","pages":"198-209"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2166/WQRJC.2014.053","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67981073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Evaluations of conventional, ozone and UV/H2O2 for removal of emerging contaminants and THM-FPs 评估常规、臭氧和UV/H2O2去除新出现的污染物和THM-FPs

IF 2

Water Quality Research Journal of Canada Pub Date : 2015-05-01 DOI: 10.2166/WQRJC.2014.018

Devendra Borikar, M. Mohseni, S. Jasim

{"title":"Evaluations of conventional, ozone and UV/H2O2 for removal of emerging contaminants and THM-FPs","authors":"Devendra Borikar, M. Mohseni, S. Jasim","doi":"10.2166/WQRJC.2014.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/WQRJC.2014.018","url":null,"abstract":"Although potential risk of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) and endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) and trihalomethanes to humans is small or unconfirmed, it is advisable to remove these wastewater-related contaminants to increase public confidence and acceptance as a precautionary principle and consequently their elimination or reduction during drinking water treatment is warranted. Experiments were conducted using the dual train pilot-scale conventional treatment plant with ozone and ultraviolet/hydrogen peroxide (UV/H2O2) with three different raw water sources. Reductions of trihalomethanes-formation potentials (THM-FPs) were 8–52%. Ozone was found to decrease THM-FPs while UV/H2O2 was found to increase THM-FPs in most of the experiments under experimental conditions. Conventional treatment poorly removed the selected PPCPs and EDCs while ozone + conventional treatment provided excellent removal. Conventional + UV/H2O2 treatment also demonstrated effective removal. However, removal of PPCPs and EDCs by conventional + UV/H2O2 treatment provided lower efficacy for Sites B and C, likely due to the presence of scavengers such as organics, bicarbonates, carbonates and particles.","PeriodicalId":54407,"journal":{"name":"Water Quality Research Journal of Canada","volume":"50 1","pages":"140-151"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2166/WQRJC.2014.018","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67981252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 18

Assessing the contribution of multiple stressors affecting small-bodied fish populations through a gradient of agricultural inputs in northwestern New Brunswick, Canada 通过农业投入梯度评估影响加拿大新不伦瑞克西北部小体鱼种群的多重压力源的贡献

IF 2

Water Quality Research Journal of Canada Pub Date : 2015-05-01 DOI: 10.2166/WQRJC.2014.126

Sandra M. Brasfield, L. Hewitt, L. Chow, S. Batchelor, H. Rees, Z. Xing, K. Munkittrick

{"title":"Assessing the contribution of multiple stressors affecting small-bodied fish populations through a gradient of agricultural inputs in northwestern New Brunswick, Canada","authors":"Sandra M. Brasfield, L. Hewitt, L. Chow, S. Batchelor, H. Rees, Z. Xing, K. Munkittrick","doi":"10.2166/WQRJC.2014.126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/WQRJC.2014.126","url":null,"abstract":"Non-point source discharges, such as agricultural runoff, are often complex mixtures of chemical and non-chemical stressors. The complexity of runoff is compounded by its sporadic releases and few studies have attempted to assess the impacts of runoff on aquatic biota. In this study, an effects based approach was used to examine survival and reproduction of slimy sculpin ( Cottus cognatus ) in the intensive potato-farming areas of northwestern New Brunswick, Canada. Using non-lethal methods, fish were collected during the ice-free months through a gradient of agricultural intensity. These data were correlated with waterborne levels of pesticides, water temperatures and precipitation data. Results indicate that both adult and young-of-the-year (YOY) fish are longer and heavier in the downstream sites draining areas of higher agricultural intensity. Precipitation has a significant negative relationship with %YOY in the agricultural areas but not in the upstream forested area, indicating that contaminants are present in runoff caused by intensive rainfall events. Our results indicate that YOY sculpin may be at higher risk in the agricultural areas in years of heavier summer rains where peaks in pesticide levels occur. This study expands the existing knowledge base and development of non-lethal methods to define cause–effect relationships.","PeriodicalId":54407,"journal":{"name":"Water Quality Research Journal of Canada","volume":"50 1","pages":"182-197"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2166/WQRJC.2014.126","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67980893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

A critical review of sensor location methods for contamination detection in water distribution networks 供水管网污染检测的传感器定位方法综述

IF 2

Water Quality Research Journal of Canada Pub Date : 2015-05-01 DOI: 10.2166/WQRJC.2014.011

S. Rathi, Rajesh Gupta

{"title":"A critical review of sensor location methods for contamination detection in water distribution networks","authors":"S. Rathi, Rajesh Gupta","doi":"10.2166/WQRJC.2014.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/WQRJC.2014.011","url":null,"abstract":"Water distribution networks (WDNs) are vulnerable to various types of contamination events that may have impacts on human health and the environment. Therefore, there is a growing need to design an effective monitoring system. Due to the cost of both placing and maintaining the sensors, their numbers must be limited. This constraint makes the sensor deployment locations crucial in water monitoring systems. Several methodologies have been suggested in the past two decades by different researchers for placement of sensors in WDNs. These methodologies differ in many ways depending on the number of objectives, solution methodology, concentration level of contaminant considered, type of simulation, and so on. In this paper, various methodologies have been broadly classified based on the number of performance objectives as single and multi-objective sensor location problems. Some of the features of these methodologies are also mentioned to help understand the advantages of a particular method over other methods. A critical review of literature is presented. Some of the issues on which a consensus is being developed amongst researchers are discussed and recommendations are made with a view to suggest future research needs for sensor network design of large WDNs.","PeriodicalId":54407,"journal":{"name":"Water Quality Research Journal of Canada","volume":"50 1","pages":"95-108"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2166/WQRJC.2014.011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67981105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

Evaluation of effect of sediment on aquatic ecosystems using decision tree forest and group method of data handling. 基于决策树森林和成组数据处理方法的沉积物对水生生态系统影响评价。

IF 2

Water Quality Research Journal of Canada Pub Date : 2015-05-01 DOI: 10.2166/WQRJC.2014.020

H. Khakzad, V. I. Elfimov

引用次数: 1

Experimental and numerical investigation of the breakage of wastewater flocs in orifice flow. 孔板流动中污水絮凝体破碎的实验与数值研究。

IF 2

Water Quality Research Journal of Canada Pub Date : 2015-02-01 DOI: 10.2166/WQRJC.2014.030

Aaron Fernandes, Y. Lawryshyn, J. Gibson, R. Farnood

{"title":"Experimental and numerical investigation of the breakage of wastewater flocs in orifice flow.","authors":"Aaron Fernandes, Y. Lawryshyn, J. Gibson, R. Farnood","doi":"10.2166/WQRJC.2014.030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/WQRJC.2014.030","url":null,"abstract":"It is well accepted that the breakage of wastewater suspended particles (flocs) can lead to better disinfection of effluent, especially when utilizing ultraviolet irradiation as the disinfection method. In this work, the breakage of wastewater flocs in orifice flow was investigated through numerical simulations. The strain rate along particle paths was estimated using computational fluid dynamics. Assuming that particle breakage occurs if the maximum strain rate experienced by the particle exceeds a critical threshold value, breakage of wastewater particles was predicted. The effectiveness of the model was supported by simple experiments. Based on the numerical simulations, under the same nominal orifice strain rate, particle breakage was higher in single-orifice systems compared to that of multi-orifice systems. This finding was further confirmed through experimentation. Furthermore, simulation results revealed that while single-orifice systems were the preferred choice for the breakage of strong particles, multi-orifice systems might be more effective in breaking ‘weak’ particles.","PeriodicalId":54407,"journal":{"name":"Water Quality Research Journal of Canada","volume":"220 1","pages":"47-57"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2166/WQRJC.2014.030","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67980849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Optimization of water treatment plant flow distribution with CFD modeling of an influent channel 基于CFD的水厂进水道流场优化

IF 2

Water Quality Research Journal of Canada Pub Date : 2015-02-01 DOI: 10.2166/WQRJC.2014.024

Carrie L. Knatz, S. Rafferty, Anthony Delescinskis

{"title":"Optimization of water treatment plant flow distribution with CFD modeling of an influent channel","authors":"Carrie L. Knatz, S. Rafferty, Anthony Delescinskis","doi":"10.2166/WQRJC.2014.024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/WQRJC.2014.024","url":null,"abstract":"In the design of water and wastewater treatment plants, proper flow and solids distribution can be as critical as process design considerations. Insufficient treatment and even plant failures can result from unequal and unmanageable flow and solids distribution. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling is a valuable tool in the evaluation of flow distribution to multiple units within a treatment process. This article reviews the benefits achieved by performing a CFD analysis of an Infilco high-rate dissolved air flotation (DAF) influent channel prior to finalizing the design of the plant. The CFD model was used to optimize the DAF influent channel configuration with respect to flow distribution to 10 identical process units that were inserted into an existing facility footprint. For the initial configurations modeled, the largest deviation of flow rate to an individual DAF unit was over 60%. Using CFD, design engineers developed a DAF influent channel configuration predicted to achieve less than 10% deviation. The upgraded facility is constructed and in service and the results of the CFD model were confirmed using actual turbidity data, which indicate that the solids are evenly distributed to the DAF process trains.","PeriodicalId":54407,"journal":{"name":"Water Quality Research Journal of Canada","volume":"50 1","pages":"72-82"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2166/WQRJC.2014.024","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67981306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Computational fluid dynamics simulation and parametric study of an open channel ultra-violet wastewater disinfection reactor 明渠紫外线废水消毒反应器的计算流体动力学模拟及参数化研究

IF 2

Water Quality Research Journal of Canada Pub Date : 2015-02-01 DOI: 10.2166/WQRJC.2014.034

R. Saha, M. Ray, Chao Zhang

{"title":"Computational fluid dynamics simulation and parametric study of an open channel ultra-violet wastewater disinfection reactor","authors":"R. Saha, M. Ray, Chao Zhang","doi":"10.2166/WQRJC.2014.034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/WQRJC.2014.034","url":null,"abstract":"The disinfection characteristics of an open channel ultra-violet (UV) disinfection reactor is investigated numerically. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model used in this study is based on the volume of fluid (VOF) method to capture the water–air interface. The Lagrangian particle tracking method is used to calculate the microbial particle trajectory and the discrete ordinate (DO) model is used to calculate the UV intensity field inside the reactor. A commercial CFD software package ANSYS FLUENT is used to solve the governing equations. Custom user defined functions (UDFs) are developed to calculate the UV doses. A post-processor is developed in MATLAB to implement the inactivation kinetics of the microbes. The post-processor provides the probabilistic dose distribution and reduction equivalent dose (RED) values achievable in the reactor. The numerical predictions are compared with available experimental data to validate the CFD model. A parametric study is performed to understand the effects of different parameters on disinfection performance of the reactor. The low/high dosed particle trajectories, which can provide an insight for hydraulic and optical characteristics of the reactor for possible design improvements, are identified.","PeriodicalId":54407,"journal":{"name":"Water Quality Research Journal of Canada","volume":"50 1","pages":"58-71"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2166/WQRJC.2014.034","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67980911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Computational modeling of UV photocatalytic reactors: model development, evaluation, and application. 紫外光催化反应器的计算模型:模型开发、评估与应用。

IF 2

Water Quality Research Journal of Canada Pub Date : 2015-02-01 DOI: 10.2166/WQRJC.2014.031

J. E. Duran, M. Mohseni, F. Taghipour

{"title":"Computational modeling of UV photocatalytic reactors: model development, evaluation, and application.","authors":"J. E. Duran, M. Mohseni, F. Taghipour","doi":"10.2166/WQRJC.2014.031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/WQRJC.2014.031","url":null,"abstract":"A computational model for simulating the performance of immobilized photocatalytic ultraviolet (UV) reactors used for water treatment was developed, experimentally evaluated, and applied to reactor design optimization. This model integrated hydrodynamics, species mass transport, chemical reaction kinetics, and irradiance distribution within the reactor. Among different hydrodynamic models evaluated against experimental data, the laminar, Abe–Kondoh–Nagano, and Reynolds stress turbulence models showed better performance (errors <5%, 12%, and 20%, respectively) in terms of external mass transfer and surface reaction prediction capabilities at different hydrodynamic conditions. A developed finite-volume-based UV lamp emission model was able to predict, with errors of less than 5%, near- and far-field irradiance measurements. Combining all these models, the integrated computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-based model was able to successfully predict the photocatalytic degradation rate of model pollutants (benzoic acid and 2,4-D) in various configurations of annular reactors and UV lamp sizes, over a wide range of hydrodynamic conditions (350 < Re < 11,000). In addition, the integrated model was used in combination with a Taguchi design of experiments method to perform reactor design optimization. Following this approach, a base case annular reactor design was modified to obtain a 50% more efficient design.","PeriodicalId":54407,"journal":{"name":"Water Quality Research Journal of Canada","volume":"50 1","pages":"21-33"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2166/WQRJC.2014.031","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67980862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Quantifying ultraviolet inactivation kinetics in nearly opaque fluids 在几乎不透明的流体中量化紫外线失活动力学

IF 2

Water Quality Research Journal of Canada Pub Date : 2015-02-01 DOI: 10.2166/WQRJC.2014.032

F. Crapulli, D. Santoro, M. Sasges, Shaunak Ray, Housyn Mahmoud, A. Ray

{"title":"Quantifying ultraviolet inactivation kinetics in nearly opaque fluids","authors":"F. Crapulli, D. Santoro, M. Sasges, Shaunak Ray, Housyn Mahmoud, A. Ray","doi":"10.2166/WQRJC.2014.032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/WQRJC.2014.032","url":null,"abstract":"The use of ultraviolet light for inactivation of pathogens is an engrained, low-cost, eco-friendly method for disinfection of nearly transparent (UVT254 > 30%/cm) contaminated fluids for which a standard-collimated beam apparatus is typically used for measurement of intrinsic inactivation kinetics. However, such a device cannot be used for low ultraviolet transmittance (UVT254 < 30%/cm) and nearly opaque (UVT254 < 10%/cm) fluids because of the lack of sufficient mixing and intrinsic inactivation kinetics controlled by dose distribution and mass-transfer effects. In this paper, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was used to determine the validity regime for accurate ultraviolet inactivation kinetics studies in low transmittance and nearly opaque fluids when a new Taylor–Couette collimated beam apparatus, which exploits flow instability through the formation of toroidal counter-rotating vortices, is used for irradiations. A Taylor number of ∼ 46,500 was sufficient to overcome the very short UV light penetration at UVT254 ∼ 0.001%/cm as long as the log10 reduction value was used as controlling parameter. Specifically, it was identified that, in case of first-order inactivation kinetics, the applied average dose (AD) should not be higher than three times the dose required for one log10 inactivation (also known as D 10) in order to generate data for accurate kinetic studies.","PeriodicalId":54407,"journal":{"name":"Water Quality Research Journal of Canada","volume":"50 1","pages":"34-46"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2166/WQRJC.2014.032","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67980903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1