{"title":"The ADOP and PDOP: Two Complementary Diagnostics for GNSS Positioning","authors":"Kan Wang, P. Teunissen, A. el-Mowafy","doi":"10.1061/(asce)su.1943-5428.0000313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)su.1943-5428.0000313","url":null,"abstract":"Ambiguity dilution of precision (ADOP) and position dilution of precision (PDOP) are two popular scalar-diagnostics used in Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) positioning. Where the ADOP is a predictor for carrier-phase ambiguity resolution performance, the PDOP is meant to predict the receiver-satellite geometry's capability for precise positioning. We will show, however, that although the PDOP works well for code-based positioning, one has to exercise great care in using the PDOP for real-time kinematic (RTK) positioning. We show that the ADOP and PDOP have distinct behaviors, an important consequence of which is that one can have time periods with small PDOPs, and thus seemingly good geometry for precise positioning, but at the same time large ADOPs, thus showing that successful ambiguity resolution and therefore precise positioning will not be possible. Also, the reverse situation may occur, i.e., having large PDOPs with small ADOPs. In such a situation, the large PDOPs should not automatically lead to the conclusion of poor position performance, because the large gain that ambiguity resolution brings will often still make precise positioning possible. We will analyze and explain this complementary behavior of the PDOP and ADOP and demonstrate this both analytically and empirically. For this analysis we use real Global Positioning System (GPS) single- and multifrequency signals and GPS/Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS), GPS/Navigation with Indian Constellation (NAVIC) L5 signals of two baselines located in Perth, Australia.","PeriodicalId":54366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surveying Engineering","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91002222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adam R. Benjamin, Dennis R. O'Brien, G. Barnes, B. Wilkinson, W. Volkmann
{"title":"Improving Data Acquisition Efficiency: Systematic Accuracy Evaluation of GNSS-Assisted Aerial Triangulation in UAS Operations","authors":"Adam R. Benjamin, Dennis R. O'Brien, G. Barnes, B. Wilkinson, W. Volkmann","doi":"10.1061/(asce)su.1943-5428.0000298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)su.1943-5428.0000298","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThe number of unmanned aerial system (UAS) mapping applications that require high-accuracy data sets have grown significantly in recent years. Indirect georeferencing (IG) requires the esta...","PeriodicalId":54366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surveying Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1061/(asce)su.1943-5428.0000298","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46404168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Accuracy Assessment of DEMs in Different Topographic Complexity Based on an Optimum Number of GCP Formulation and Error Propagation Analysis","authors":"S. Nadi, D. Shojaei, Y. Ghiasi","doi":"10.1061/(asce)su.1943-5428.0000296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)su.1943-5428.0000296","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractOne of the main concerns during digital elevation model (DEM) evaluation is the number of ground control points (GCP). Accordingly, in this paper, a new method is proposed for calculating t...","PeriodicalId":54366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surveying Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1061/(asce)su.1943-5428.0000296","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48223194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Four Methods for Low-Distortion Projections","authors":"C. M. Rollins, T. H. Meyer","doi":"10.1061/(asce)su.1943-5428.0000295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)su.1943-5428.0000295","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractLow-distortion projections (LDPs) produce mapping grids formulated so that distances obtained by inversing grid coordinates match as best as possible the equivalent horizontal distances obs...","PeriodicalId":54366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surveying Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1061/(asce)su.1943-5428.0000295","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45691621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Virtual Observation Method and Precision Estimation for Ill-Posed Partial EIV Model","authors":"Leyang Wang, Guisen Wen, Yingwen Zhao","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)SU.1943-5428.0000282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)SU.1943-5428.0000282","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThis paper presents a method for solving the ill-posed problem of the partial error-in-variables (EIV) model and a precision estimation method based on a second-order derivative approximate...","PeriodicalId":54366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surveying Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1061/(ASCE)SU.1943-5428.0000282","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46648570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Unified Least-Squares Formulation of a Linear Model with Hard Constraints","authors":"A. Amiri-Simkooei","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)SU.1943-5428.0000290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)SU.1943-5428.0000290","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractHard constraints can play an important role in obtaining a unique, stable, precise, and well-conditioned least-squares solution in many geomatics applications. This paper presents a unified...","PeriodicalId":54366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surveying Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1061/(ASCE)SU.1943-5428.0000290","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46184387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yishuai Shi, Jinming Hao, Weiping Liu, Bo Jiao, Hui Zhang, Baofeng Song
{"title":"Performance Assessment of BDS Real-Time Precise Point Positioning Based on SSR Corrections","authors":"Yishuai Shi, Jinming Hao, Weiping Liu, Bo Jiao, Hui Zhang, Baofeng Song","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)SU.1943-5428.0000281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)SU.1943-5428.0000281","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractIn recent years, real-time precise point positioning (RTPPP) using the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) is facing new developments thanks to the dissemination of BDS real-time state...","PeriodicalId":54366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surveying Engineering","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1061/(ASCE)SU.1943-5428.0000281","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58515762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. H. Mohammadloo, M. Snellen, D. Simons, B. Dierikx, S. Bicknese
{"title":"Using Alternatives to Determine the Shallowest Depth for Bathymetric Charting: Case Study","authors":"T. H. Mohammadloo, M. Snellen, D. Simons, B. Dierikx, S. Bicknese","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)SU.1943-5428.0000278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)SU.1943-5428.0000278","url":null,"abstract":"Methods for gridding multibeam echo sounder (MBES) measurements to equidistant grids are proposed as alternatives to the shallowest measured depth, which is affected by outliers. The approaches considered use a combination of mean and standard deviation of soundings and the regression coefficient from the best fitted plane. These methods along with mean and shallowest depths were applied to two surveyed areas. Two issues were found to be of importance, that is, a proper distribution of soundings and low uncertainties in the depth measurements. Improper sampling excludes using the method employing regression coefficients. For flat areas, the shallowest measured depth was found to be highly influenced by measurement uncertainties, counteracted when using the mean depth. However, the mean depth underestimates the shallowest depth for areas with slopes. When correcting the mean depth for standard deviation, the effect of slopes is accounted for while the influence of measurement uncertainties is decreased compared to shallowest measured depth. Since the uncertainties are dependent on beam angle, depth, and measurement equipment, these issues need to be accounted for in survey planning.","PeriodicalId":54366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surveying Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1061/(ASCE)SU.1943-5428.0000278","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47101481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Potentially Misleading GPS Leveling–Based Assessment of Gravimetric Geoid or Quasigeoid Models due to Vertical Land Motion and Different GPS Processing Software","authors":"W. Featherstone, T. Lyon, J. McCubbine","doi":"10.1061/(asce)su.1943-5428.0000293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)su.1943-5428.0000293","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractGravimetric geoid or quasigeoid models are often evaluated using Global Positioning System (GPS) and leveling, but the veracity of these control data is not always considered. Using a preci...","PeriodicalId":54366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surveying Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1061/(asce)su.1943-5428.0000293","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48000806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Characteristic Analysis of 3D Outlier Detection Method for GNSS Network Adjustments","authors":"Ling Yang, Yufeng Nie, Yunzhong Shen","doi":"10.1061/(asce)su.1943-5428.0000292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)su.1943-5428.0000292","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractIn this study, characteristics of the outlier detection method for global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) network adjustments are discussed and alternative hypothesis models are propose...","PeriodicalId":54366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surveying Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1061/(asce)su.1943-5428.0000292","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49174880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}