{"title":"The Right Space: The Impact of Meaningful Dialogue in Informing Culturally Safe Care in the Emergency Department in a Rural Northern Community","authors":"Victoria A. Carter, T. Healy, F. Nelson","doi":"10.32799/IJIH.V16I1.33044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32799/IJIH.V16I1.33044","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000This project focused on emergency department (ED) care provided in a rural northern Canadian community. It studied how supported and meaningful dialogue between health authority providers and physicians whose work is associated with the ED, and providers who work with Indigenous people outside the health authority, helped inform culturally safe care in the ED. Guided by Indigenous and non-Indigenous advisory committee members, this participatory action study created a space for dialogue that allowed the perspectives of two worlds and multiple disciplines to emerge and develop solutions. The findings demonstrated what culturally safe and unsafe care in the ED look like, identified current culturally safe practices, and described factors that challenge culturally safe care. This project, although small, was unique because of the degree of collaboration in health care improvement between those inside and outside the health authority. Supportive dialogue that is mutually negotiated to include attention to culturally safe practice may be the starting place for the creation of the right space, the ethical space, which is so crucial in moving forward. From this foundation, there are six priority suggestions on how to enhance culturally safe care within an ED setting. These recommendations, built from dialogue within a locally generated ethical space, may extend beyond the local context and may be crucial for supporting cultural safety more broadly in the health care system. The findings presented here were the result of a research project undertaken as part of a master’s degree and do not reflect the views of any other body. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":54163,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Indigenous Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42431146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Firestone, Jessica Syrette, T. Brant, M. Laing, Steve Teekens
{"title":"Findings From a Process Evaluation of an Indigenous Holistic Housing Support and Mental Health Case Management Program in Downtown Toronto","authors":"M. Firestone, Jessica Syrette, T. Brant, M. Laing, Steve Teekens","doi":"10.32799/IJIH.V16I2.33173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32799/IJIH.V16I2.33173","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000While urban Indigenous populations in Canada are increasing and represent many diverse and culturally vibrant communities, disparities between Indigenous and non-Indigenous people’s experiences of the social determinants of health are significant. The Mino Kaanjigoowin (MK) program at Na-Me-Res (Native Men’s Residence) in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, supports Indigenous men who are experiencing homelessness or are precariously housed and who have complex health and social needs. Using a community-partnered approach that aligns with wise practices for conducting Indigenous health research, a mixed-methods process evaluation of the MK program was conducted in 2017‒2018 by the Well Living House in partnership with Na-Me-Res. Thematic analysis of qualitative data gathered through two focus groups with community members who access the MK program (n = 9) and key informant interviews with staff (n = 11) was carried out using a decolonizing lens. Results indicate that the MK program provides a unique healing model that is grounded in trust, honour, and respect. Strengths of the program include a harm reduction framework, meeting basic needs, and person-centred care. The program could be enhanced through increased human resource capacity and improved infrastructure, including a separate space for MK staff and activities. The evaluation findings demonstrate how the MK program provides specialized and culturally safe services as a best- practice model to meet the complex health and social needs of urban Indigenous people. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":54163,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Indigenous Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45971778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"From Breath to Beadwork: Lessons Learned From a Trauma- Informed Yoga Series With Indigenous Adolescent Girls Under Youth Protection","authors":"Jessica Barudin","doi":"10.32799/IJIH.V16I1.33220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32799/IJIH.V16I1.33220","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000This paper explores the promising practice of an emerging culturally adapted, trauma-informed yoga program for Indigenous adolescent girls. I draw from my experiential learning during a series of 12 yoga sessions over 2018 and 2019 with eight Indigenous girls (ages 13–17) from rural and remote Inuit communities in Quebec, Canada. Participants had experienced varying degrees of child maltreatment and interaction with the child welfare system, and they were all under the care of youth protection services in a residential facility. The yoga and mindfulness intervention provided weekly 60-minute sessions in the residential unit. Yoga sessions integrated a blended model of cultural teachings, group dialogue, and trauma-informed yoga. The approach included circle sharing, cultural teachings, gentle progressions of physical postures, guided meditation, breathing techniques, centring practices, and beadwork. This promising practice explores trauma-informed yoga as a strengths-based community strategy for relational healing that promotes cultural connectedness, safety, and resilience among Indigenous adolescent girls removed from their rural and remote communities to a residential facility in an urban area. This paper outlines an introductory framework for health professionals, paraprofessionals, program administrators, and staff working with Indigenous children and youth in residential facilities. Specifically, this promising practice builds on existing findings of trauma-informed yoga with adolescents, as well as movement and centring approaches through an Indigenous lens of relational healing. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":54163,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Indigenous Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43124362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Carney, Cynthia Taylor, A. Empey, Dove Spector, A. Bruegl, E. Brodt
{"title":"Findings Associated With a Novel Program Designed to Support Indigenous Faculty Members of U.S. Health Professions Schools","authors":"P. Carney, Cynthia Taylor, A. Empey, Dove Spector, A. Bruegl, E. Brodt","doi":"10.32799/IJIH.V16I1.33095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32799/IJIH.V16I1.33095","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000Purpose: Recent studies on programs designed to support Indigenous faculty are lacking. Expanding numbers of successful Indigenous health faculty could help to improve delivery of culturally appropriate/responsive health care for Indigenous people. Methods: We enrolled nine American Indian/Alaska Native (AIAN) faculty participants in 2017 and 53 in 2018 in an Indigenous Faculty Forum (IFF). We provided instruction on academic advancement, addressed unique cultural considerations, and fostered networking and ongoing career support for AIAN faculty. We used a post-session survey, including the 22-item Diversity and Engagement Survey (DES) and focus groups, to assess initial reactions to the program and a follow-up survey to assess change at 1 year. Findings: Participants in both IFF sessions were predominantly female, most often aged 35–44 and from primary care disciplines. Two faculty members rose to a higher rank during the 1-year follow-up period. Findings from the DES illustrated that Common Purpose, Equitable Reward and Recognition, Cultural Competence, Trust, a Sense of Belonging, and Appreciation of Individual Attributes increased slightly from post-session to 1 year. The greatest change was for Respect, which increased from a mean of 3.42 (SD = 0.77) to 3.76 (SD = 0.67), p = .05. Focus group findings revealed that mentoring that includes the cultural perspectives of AIAN is lacking, as is respect for these faculty from the academic community, though survey findings showed respect improved over time. Conclusions: More tailored work is needed to support AIAN in U.S. academic settings if they are to achieve academic success and become role models for others entering academic settings. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":54163,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Indigenous Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48937178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bringing Ethics Review Home to Cowichan: Indigenizing Ethics Review in British Columbia, Canada","authors":"Cowichan Tribes","doi":"10.32799/IJIH.V16I2.33099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32799/IJIH.V16I2.33099","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000Cowichan Tribes’ territory, located in the Cowichan Valley on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada, is experiencing an alarmingly high rate of preterm births compared to the national average of Indigenous Peoples in Canada. In response, and in partnership with the First Nations Health Authority (FNHA), Cowichan Tribes is in the first year of a 3-year study to investigate causes. Cowichan Tribes’ Elders and community members are guiding the study to ensure it follows Cowichan Tribes’ research processes and to support self- determination in research. Furthermore, as a way to enhance reconciliation, Elders and community members guided an on-site ethics review on Cowichan Tribes territory. This article outlines the collaborative, in-person research ethics review process that Cowichan Tribes, Island Health, and FNHA completed on August 21, 2019. The purpose of this article is to provide suggestions other First Nations could use when conducting a research ethics review, and to explain how this process aligns with the principles of ownership, control, access, and possession (OCAP®), the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, and above all, the Cowichan snuw’uy’ulh (teachings from Elders). \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":54163,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Indigenous Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46000675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christopher David Macklin, C. Marchand, E. Mitchell, R. Price, V. Mitchell, Leslie Bryant
{"title":"Planting the Seeds: Insights for Researchers Interested in Working With Indigenous Peoples","authors":"Christopher David Macklin, C. Marchand, E. Mitchell, R. Price, V. Mitchell, Leslie Bryant","doi":"10.32799/IJIH.V16I1.33193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32799/IJIH.V16I1.33193","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000Health research in Canada carries a history of exploitation and cultural insensitivity in its approaches, resulting in a deeply rooted mistrust among Indigenous Peoples. Communities are signalling the urgent need for health research to be conducted in a more conscientious way. To address these gaps, our team of three Elders and three researchers co-developed a series of workshops in the province of British Columbia, Canada, in 2019 to increase participants’ knowledge and skills for conducting culturally responsive health research. Workshops examined power and privilege; self-awareness/self-reflection; Indigenous and Western worldviews; cultural safety; allyship; and research principles and practices. Activities were experiential and privileged Indigenous knowledges. An Indigenous-informed evaluation captured participants’ experiences via online surveys. Participants described workshop learnings as deeply impacting ways they approach research practice. Thematic analysis of participant reflections revealed three overarching themes: bringing together the mind and the heart; self-reflection and initiating change; and understanding cultural safety as a lifelong journey. Lessons learned by facilitators included the importance of applying Indigenous ways of knowing to create safe spaces for healing and learning; empowering participants to critically self-reflect; and rooting the work in ceremony. The ethical responsibility to allow time and space for meaningful dialogue was crucial for aligning with Indigenous protocols of coming together. This project demonstrates that experiential workshops, co- facilitated by Elders and researchers, are an innovative, effective, and Indigenous-centred approach for providing education on how to engage in culturally safe and culturally resonant research. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":54163,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Indigenous Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46482881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kristin Rizkalla, M. Maar, L. Mcgregor, R. Pilon, Maurianne Reade
{"title":"Intimate Partner Violence Against Indigenous Men in Heterosexual Relationships: Toward a Culturally Safe Response in Primary Health Care Settings","authors":"Kristin Rizkalla, M. Maar, L. Mcgregor, R. Pilon, Maurianne Reade","doi":"10.32799/IJIH.V16I1.33060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32799/IJIH.V16I1.33060","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000Most Indigenous intimate partner violence (IPV) research and interventions are geared toward women, while the experiences of Indigenous men as survivors of IPV are not well investigated or understood. Indigenous men are typically portrayed as perpetrators of violence yet very seldom as survivors of violence, although they experience disproportionately high rates of violence, including IPV, when compared to non-Indigenous men. Our community-based participatory research, conducted in partnership with First Nations communities in Northern Ontario, Canada, completed in 2019, identified this bias as a major barrier for Indigenous men to disclose IPV in a health service setting, where a safe space and support should be available. The primary health care providers involved in this study reported awareness of serious abuse perpetrated against First Nations men in heterosexual relationships. However, they also cited insufficient preparedness within the primary care system to respond to the needs of these men, including significant gaps in culturally safe services. These findings warrant attention and action. We offer recommendations for health and social services and community organizations to help address, in culturally safe ways, IPV experienced by Indigenous men and its effects on families and communities. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":54163,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Indigenous Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44571399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The The Violence of Colonization and the Importance of Decolonizing Therapeutic Relationship: The Role of Helper in Centring Indigenous Wisdom","authors":"Riel Dupuis-Rossi","doi":"10.32799/IJIH.V16I1.33223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32799/IJIH.V16I1.33223","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000Engaging existing literature and current mainstream frontline health and mental health practice, this article expands research on the impact of colonization and mainstream mental health practices on Indigenous clients. Through this process, it creates new ground on which decolonizing therapeutic responses to ongoing attempted genocide are introduced, described, and developed. I identify the brutality of historical and contemporary colonization as one of the major influences in undermining Indigenous clients’ health and wellbeing—a perspective that decentres and resists individualistic pathologizing that is the focal point of mainstream psychiatric diagnoses and treatment. I also illustrate the negative impacts of psychiatric assessment for Indigenous clients and demonstrate how mainstream mental health practices, in not acknowledging colonization as the context for Indigenous clients’ suffering, are implicated in ongoing enactments of colonial oppression. The mainstream assessment of Indigenous clients’ suicidality as an individualized mental health disorder is also problematized. I conclude by centring Indigenous ways of knowing and culture in the promotion of health and wellbeing for Indigenous clients. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":54163,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Indigenous Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48166043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Urban Land-Based Healing: A Northern Intervention Strategy","authors":"Nicole Redvers, M. Nadeau, Donald Prince","doi":"10.32799/IJIH.V16I2.33177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32799/IJIH.V16I2.33177","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000Urban Indigenous populations face significant health and social disparities across Canada. With high rates of homelessness and substance use, there are often few options for urban Indigenous Peoples to access land-based healing programs despite the increasingly known and appreciated benefits. In May 2018, the first urban land-based healing camp opened in Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, Canada, one of the first to our knowledge in Canada or the United States. This camp may serve as a potential model for an Indigenous-led and Indigenous-based healing camp in an urban setting. We present preliminary outcome data from the healing camp in a setting with a high-risk population struggling with substance use and homelessness. Reflections are presented for challenging logistical and methodological considerations for applications elsewhere. This northern effort affords us ample opportunity for expanding the existing knowledge base for land- based healing applied to an urban Indigenous high-risk setting. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":54163,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Indigenous Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49348856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Project George: An Indigenous Land-Based Approach to Resilience for Youth","authors":"Janice Cindy Gaudet","doi":"10.32799/IJIH.V16I2.31668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32799/IJIH.V16I2.31668","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000The research shared in this article seeks an understanding of Indigenous resilience within the context of a culturally responsive land-based initiative, Project George, led by the Moose Cree First Nation, also known as the Omushkego people. The initiative centres core Cree values, community engagement, and land-based skills to ensure the well-being of youth. Their Homeland is located in the waterways and on the western shores of the Hudson and James Bay Lowlands in Ontario, Canada. The methodology involved researcher participation and engagement as part of a 4-month field presence; informal conversations and visiting; as well as formal semistructured interviews with community members over 4 years from 2012 to 2015. The research explores the benefits and challenges of a land-based program by highlighting the experiences and voices of community and program participants who directly engaged with Project George. The findings show that land-based learning initiatives inspired and driven by Indigenous people foster a regenerative approach to wellness based on relation to land, culture, and identity. A return to land-based learning responds to the ongoing colonial complexities affecting the health and wellness of Indigenous youth in Canada and draws strength from the people’s resilient practices. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":54163,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Indigenous Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45630877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}