{"title":"Disentangling the Nonlinearity Effect in Cryptocurrency Markets During the Covid-19 Pandemic: Evidence from a Regime-Switching Approach","authors":"Nidhal Mgadmi, Azza Béjaoui, Wajdi Moussa","doi":"10.1007/s10690-022-09384-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10690-022-09384-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper, we attempt to understand and identify the cyclical fluctuations in cryptocurrency markets. To this end, we apply the Markov-Switching approach on daily prices of 17 selected digital currencies. This model allows us to capture the nonlinear structure in cryptocurrencies’ prices. The empirical results clearly show potential difference(s) among digital currencies when they react to the varying levels of the pandemic's severity. The existence of two distinguishable states and each state seems to be characterized by different features of market cycle’s phase for each cryptocurrency. So, the Covid19 pandemic affects asymmetrically the different market phases of digital currencies. Such findings can have insightful portfolios implications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54095,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Financial Markets","volume":"30 3","pages":"457 - 473"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46434136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of Index Concentration on Index Volatility and Performance","authors":"Amit Pandey, Anil Kumar Sharma","doi":"10.1007/s10690-022-09389-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10690-022-09389-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The presented study investigated the effect of index concentration on component security and index variances to explore the possibility of concentration risk and its impact on index performance in different markets. The study also investigated the 1/n index with the market cap index to find possible concentration costs for the investors. We analyzed BRICSU (BRICS plus USA) by applying various tools for concentration measures and determining index volatility and returns with the help of the mean–variance model. We did a simple simulation to understand the sensitivity of relationships. The study found the impact of index concentration on index variance, component security covariance, and index performance varies with the market. It may be due to different levels of investor biases and the inclusion of multinational companies in the index. We show how excessive growth of a few companies does not increase risk in the index, even delivering information benefits to investors. The lower Sharpe ratio of the Equal weighted index confirms the nonexistence of any index concentration cost for investors. We concluded index concentration is a generic process in the competitive market condition.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54095,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Financial Markets","volume":"30 3","pages":"559 - 585"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41513590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Impact of India’s Demonetization Episode on its Equity Markets","authors":"Goutam Sutar, Krantiraditya Dhalmahapatra, Sayan Chakraborty","doi":"10.1007/s10690-022-09392-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10690-022-09392-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Demonetization is an act of divesting a currency unit from its legal tender. In a developing country, the act of demonetization will have a direct influence on various sectors. An event study is an empirical analysis to investigate the effect of such unforeseen events. In this study, we investigate the impact of demonetization on the Indian stock market. For the analysis, daily data from the NIFTY 50 Index during demonetization have been analyzed within the observation of different event windows. These event windows are framed as 0–7 days, 0–14 days, and 0–30 days to understand the impact of demonetization during the analysis period 8th November 2016–21st December 2016. The study concludes that the impact of events on the Indian stock market lasted for a short time-period and the market recovered within 1 month. More precisely, in the case of demonetization, though the stock market initially viewed the event as disruptive, Cumulative Abnormal Returns bounce back to indicate that the negative financial impact was not as severe as the industry perceived.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54095,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Financial Markets","volume":"30 4","pages":"649 - 675"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42632166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Multi-scale Features of Interdependence Between Oil Prices and Stock Prices","authors":"Ngo Thai Hung, Xuan Vinh Vo","doi":"10.1007/s10690-022-09385-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10690-022-09385-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper investigates the time-varying connectedness between oil prices and the stock prices in African markets. We employ a wavelet-based dynamic conditional correlation framework, which allows us to look into the time-varying correlation between oil and African stock markets in time and frequency domains. Empirical results show the interdependence between oil prices and African stock market prices are time-varying and spread across various wavelet scales. More importantly, the dynamic relationship between oil prices and stock returns in these countries varies more frequently and at a lower level in the short run. However, we find the long and medium-range co-movements between them except during the Covid-19 period when short-term integration increased considerably, which might help portfolio managers and investors mitigate risk. We identify the hedge ratios and optimal portfolio weights for practical implications based on the said assets' dynamic conditional correlation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54095,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Financial Markets","volume":"30 3","pages":"475 - 504"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43355908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparing Financial Debt Choices of Existing and New SMEs in Indian Manufacturing Sector","authors":"KG Suresh, Akanksha Saxena, M. Srikanth","doi":"10.1007/s10690-022-09382-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10690-022-09382-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The study examines the differences in financial debt choices of SME and Non-SME firms in India. Being SMEs, firms enjoy special grants and packages that non-SMEs firms do not, and very often, the SMEs do not want to let go of the SME status. This brings in the information asymmetry and agency problem among the market participants and this may result in differences in the debt choices of the firms. We found that the existing SMEs use more unsecured debt, the newly added SMEs use more long-term debt and secured debt reflecting firm-specific growth opportunities. This shows the difference in capital structure decisions of SMEs operated under different policy environments sourced because of the conflict of interests among the participants.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54095,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Financial Markets","volume":"30 3","pages":"445 - 456"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49651561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Is Cross-Hedging Effective for Mitigating Equity Investment Risks in the Indian Banking Sector?","authors":"Babu Jose, Nithin Jose","doi":"10.1007/s10690-022-09383-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10690-022-09383-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Can the investments in securities devoid of futures be effectively hedged? If so, what is the best cross-hedging instrument? The study evaluates the efficacy of the cross-hedging strategy for small and medium investors interested in banking sector stocks devoid of futures using the market index, sectoral index and stock futures from the same sector. The risk mitigation ability of each portfolio is estimated for different trade horizons using near-month futures and spot prices. The optimal futures contract size for minimising risk exposure is calculated using the Diagonal BEKK GARCH model with a minimum-variance approach. The cross-hedging portfolio with BANK NIFTY futures performs consistently well in a longer trading horizon with higher hedging costs. A cross-hedging portfolio with single stock futures also shows an excellent risk reduction potential but is less expensive than other alternatives. Fundamental investors achieve risk reduction up to 53.74 per cent cross-hedging using BANK NIFTY futures. Investors can construct cross-hedging portfolios with a closely matching return profile and hold these positions for a longer trade horizon to achieve higher risk reduction.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54095,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Financial Markets","volume":"30 1","pages":"189 - 210"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45513392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Forecast the Role of GCC Financial Stress on Oil Market and GCC Financial Markets Using Convolutional Neural Networks","authors":"Taicir Mezghani, Mouna Boujelbène Abbes","doi":"10.1007/s10690-022-09387-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10690-022-09387-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study aims to predict GCC financial stress on oil market, and GCC Stock and bond markets while considering the effect of the 2008 financial crisis, 2014 oil drop price and the 2019 novel COVID-19 outbreak. For this purpose, we use a new approach for predicting the financial stress, based on the One-Dimensional Convolutional Neural Network (1D-CNN). This article introduces a parameters optimization method, which provides the best parameters for 1D-CNN to improve the prediction performance of the financial stress indices. The results suggest that indexes of financial stress help to improve forecasting performance. It implies that the 1D-CNN model shows a better predictive performance in the out-of-sample findings.Regarding the influence of financial stress on hedging between Brent, and financial markets, the outcomes emphasize the role of oil in hedging stock market risks in positive market stress case. Another interesting result is that the out-of-sample estimates for stock–bond markets, hedging with oil have higher variability for negative (positive) financial stress. The findings highlight the predictive information captured by financial stress in accurately forecasting oil market volatility and financial markets, offering a valuable opening for investors to monitor oil market volatility using information on traded assets.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54095,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Financial Markets","volume":"30 3","pages":"505 - 530"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44965163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Board Variables Reforms in India: Success or Failure? A Comparative Analysis Between Pre and Post Enactment Period of Companies Act, 2013","authors":"Mahesh Chand Garg, Khushboo Tanwer","doi":"10.1007/s10690-022-09388-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10690-022-09388-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present research is carried out to make a comparative investigation of the impact of board variables on organizational performance before and after the enactment of the Companies Act, 2013, in the Indian corporate sector. Data of 66 Indian companies listed on the BSE Dollex are analysed in two time periods before (2009–2013) and after (2014–2018) the enactment of the Companies Act, 2013. Regression analysis is used to check the effect of independent directors, female directors, CEO duality and board meetings on company performance, as indicated by ROA, ROE and Tobin’s Q. The findings reveal that independent directors and CEO duality have a considerable negative effect on corporate performance as measured by accounting based performance measures, in the post–enactment period of the Companies Act which was insignificant before the enactment of this Act. The effect of women’s representation and board meetings on organizational performance remains insignificant in both periods of the study. The study suggests that organizations should be attentive towards the board practices adopted by them, in order to present a positive and effective image to stakeholders which results in increasing revenues. Furthermore, policymakers should rethink the corporate board regulations as these variable reforms do not have a substantial effect on corporate performance.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54095,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Financial Markets","volume":"30 3","pages":"531 - 558"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43382132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Stock returns seasonality in emerging asian markets","authors":"Khushboo Aggarwal, Mithilesh Kumar Jha","doi":"10.1007/s10690-022-09370-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10690-022-09370-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study examines the presence of the “month of the year effect” in the six emerging Asian stock markets (India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Philippines, and South Korea) for the period January, 1991 to November, 2020 using GARCH (1, 1), EGARCH (1, 1) and TGARCH (1, 1) models. The empirical results indicate the existence of “month of the year effects” on stock returns and volatility of all the emerging Asian stock markets except Japan. The study reveals a positive and significant January effect for each country except Japan. February, April and July effects are positive and significant only in the case of Indonesia, South Korea and Malaysia respectively. The findings confirm the persistence of ARCH and GARCH effects in the monthly return series. Moreover, the asymmetric GARCH models show that the emerging Asian stock market returns exhibit asymmetric (leverage) effect. The seasonal or monthly effect in stock markets in Emerging Asian countries poses an important research question as Emerging Asia’s economic footprint has been growing significantly. The findings of the study have important implications for active and profitable trading strategies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54095,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Financial Markets","volume":"30 1","pages":"109 - 130"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43127117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Does Remittance and Human Capital Formation Affect Financial Development? A Comparative Analysis Between India and China","authors":"Shreya Pal","doi":"10.1007/s10690-022-09380-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10690-022-09380-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This article examines the relationships between remittance and financial development (financial institutions and markets) in India and China on the availability of annual data from 1984 to 2018. Human capital formation is considered as a channel of remittances in financial development functions. Institutional quality, Economic globalization, foreign direct investment, economic growth, and government investment are included as a set of control variables in the financial development function. The results of the ARDL bounds test model indicate that remittance can positively impact financial development dynamics in both countries. While considering the human capital formation, higher levels of skilled human capital (secondary and tertiary enrolments) enhance financial development, but low-level human capital (primary enrolments) fails to do so. One contradiction found from the result is that remittance is negatively but significantly affecting financial institutions in India, and also detrimental to China's financial market. Oppositely, remittance positively impacts India’s financial market and China’s financial institutions. We find the varying impacts of control variables on financial development. The outcome of this paper stresses the necessity of a higher level of skilled human capital and improved institutional quality in both countries, which provides better utilization of remittances and other foreign and domestic financial flows.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54095,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Financial Markets","volume":"30 2","pages":"387 - 426"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47558032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}