Landscape Journal最新文献

{"title":"Achtjährige Erfahrungen mit der Apfelunterlage M200","authors":"Irene Höller, G. Baab, Rolf Wemhöner, W. Guerra","doi":"10.23796/LJ/2021.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23796/LJ/2021.005","url":null,"abstract":"Für einen Zeitraum von 8 Jahren wurde die vom Institut NIAB-EMR (East Malling, UK) stammende Unterlage M200 in einem Gemeinschaftsversuch zwischen dem „Versuchszentrum Laimburg“ (Italien) und dem „Dienstleistungszentrum Ländlicher Raum Rheinpfalz“ in Klein-Altendorf (Deutschland) geprüft. Ein positiver Aspekt der Unterlage sind ihre höheren Baumerträge im Vergleich zu M9 T337, bei einer ähnlichen Fruchtqualität. Die glatte Oberfläche der Unterlage ist fast frei von Wurzelfeldern. Auch Wurzelaustriebe sind sehr selten im Unterschied zu M9 T337. M200 hat keine höhere Toleranz gegenüber Bodenmüdigkeit gezeigt als M9 T337: Vor allem im Pflanzjahr und im 2. Standjahr wurden Wachstums- und Ertragsdefizite auf unbehandeltem Boden festgestellt, ähnlich wie bei M9 T337, G 11 und G 41. M200 wächst am Versuchszentrum Laimburg allerdings signifikant stärker als M9 T337, was im Nachbau oder in Kombination mit schwachwüchsigen Sorten von Vorteil sein kann. In Klein-Altendorf liegt M200 in der Wüchsigkeit um M9 T337, wobei anzumerken ist, dass die neue Unterlage in den ersten 4 Standjahren höhere Triebzuwächse als M9 T337 erreicht. G 11 ist im Vergleich zu M200 in beiden Versuchen als schwächer einzustufen. Diese Divergenz der Resultate auf beiden Standorten bestätigt, dass in der Bewertung von Unterlagen Interaktionen zwischen Unterlage, Boden und klimatischen Bedingungen berücksichtigt werden müssen.","PeriodicalId":54062,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68840742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of: \"An automatic screening method for strabismus detection based on image processing\"","authors":"W. Shia","doi":"10.32388/N5D6LJ","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32388/N5D6LJ","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54062,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43490144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Invention of Public Space: Designing for Inclusion in Lindsay’s New York","authors":"Richard S. Hawks","doi":"10.3368/wplj.40.1.71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/wplj.40.1.71","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54062,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Journal","volume":"40 1","pages":"71 - 72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48879744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editor’s Introduction","authors":"K. Melcher","doi":"10.3368/wplj.40.1.iv","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/wplj.40.1.iv","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54062,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Journal","volume":"40 1","pages":"iv - iv"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42177445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Homelessness in the Public Landscape: A Typology of Informal Infrastructure","authors":"C. Parker","doi":"10.3368/wplj.40.1.49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/wplj.40.1.49","url":null,"abstract":"People experiencing homelessness struggle to find a place in the city. With public spaces mostly devoted to infrastructure (for cars), civic identity, and recreation, few spaces remain for the unhoused. Cities regulate behavior in more visible public spaces to prevent loitering, sleeping, and sometimes sitting and eating. Given the scarcity of welcoming public spaces for people experiencing homelessness, it is unclear where they live and whether these spaces are providing what they need. To uncover how people experiencing homelessness use landscapes, I mapped the location of people along urban transects in three California cities: Sacramento, Oakland, and Santa Cruz. I interviewed people who are unhoused in these cities regarding their daily movements. The mapping and interviews resulted in a typology of public spaces of homelessness. This research found that although many people experiencing homelessness inhabit urban parks and sidewalks around social service centers, they also frequent places formed by and adjacent to transportation infrastructure. People experiencing homelessness creatively appropriate public transportation infrastructure as living areas to socialize, rest, and manage their visibility. I argue that the redesign of infrastructure should consider the preservation of edge conditions and informal spaces to provide public space for people experiencing homelessness.","PeriodicalId":54062,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Journal","volume":"40 1","pages":"49 - 66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46204702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accidental Wilderness: The Origins and Ecology of Toronto’s Tommy Thompson Park","authors":"R. Smardon","doi":"10.3368/wplj.40.1.68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/wplj.40.1.68","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54062,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Journal","volume":"40 1","pages":"68 - 69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42945607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Separate but Equal?” Understanding Gender Differences in Urban Park Usage and Its Implications for Gender-Inclusive Design","authors":"Yiwei Huang, N. C. Napawan","doi":"10.3368/wplj.40.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/wplj.40.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the role that physical design plays in shaping women’s everyday experiences in public space by studying gender differences in the use of a 1.3-acre urban park in a specific cultural enclave. Through direct observation, behavior mapping, and quantitative analysis, the project reveals an obvious gender separation of space usage in Portsmouth Square in the Chinatown district of San Francisco, California. In-depth interviews exposed a range of reasons for this separation and revealed how some Chinese immigrants construct and negotiate their social dynamics and territoriality on the urban square. The findings reaffirm that men and women often have different preferences in open spaces as well as different concepts of optimum public space experiences. Results also indicate that observed segregation by gender is not all voluntary. In this case, besides the known factors such as cultural and social norms, physical space design is important in shaping women’s use of public space, perpetuating and even intensifying gender separation and inequity. This study addresses and highlights some spatial elements that can be easily overlooked by landscape architects and environmental planners. It argues that to create a gender-inclusive—or, at a minimum, genderaware— public space, designers must consider not only the differences of ability, movement, and designated spots but also barriers, interruptions, and spaces avoided or inaccessible by specific populations.","PeriodicalId":54062,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Journal","volume":"40 1","pages":"1 - 16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46252035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"About This Issue","authors":"K. Melcher","doi":"10.3368/wplj.40.1.v","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/wplj.40.1.v","url":null,"abstract":"Although the four peer-reviewed articles in this issue were selected on their merit and not from a proposed topic, taken as a whole, they do suggest a theme. On the broadest level, the articles point out that when thinking about and managing landscapes, one size does not fit all. Guidelines for public spaces, assumptions about environmental justice, models from new urbanism, and even “spatial imaginaries” (how we imagine our cities should be) do not always capture the complexity of our places and our perspectives on them. An understanding of different genders, different socioeconomic groups, and different ecological conditions can challenge our existing knowledge and shift design and management decisions. In these articles, these new understandings do not invalidate existing knowledge; they expand it, creating more nuanced and inclusive approaches to design, planning, and management. In “Separate but equal?,” Yiwei Huang and N. Claire Napawan explore how gender influences park use in San Francisco’s Chinatown. Through behavioral observation and on-site interviews, they document how the park design intersects with the demands of women’s daily lives; women with children or bags of groceries felt restricted to certain areas of the park. Huang and Napawan conclude that although gender segregation in park usage is often explained by differences in preferences, in this case, the park design created involuntary segregation as well. They argue that designers should be aware of how gender plays out in people’s daily lives to create more gender-inclusive designs. Isabel Shargo and a research team from the Community Engagement, Environmental Justice, and Health Laboratory at University of Maryland use GIS mapping to explore how two aspects of environmental justice—food access through urban farms and the location of toxic sites—relate to each other in Baltimore. Their findings show that although urban farms are primarily located in low-income communities of color, these farms are not usually in proximity to toxic sites. This is generally good news for people interested in improving food access through urban farming; however, the story is more nuanced. As they conclude, the “separation of toxic sites and urban farming was not by design but was an unintended result of discriminatory housing practices and gentrification trends.” Gavin Smith, Allison Anderson, and David Perkes question the “one-size-fits-all” approach of the new urbanist transect, especially when it is applied to coastal zones experiencing more frequent extreme weather events and sea level rise because of climate change. They propose a modification of the transect—a combination of the transect with a hazard overlay district that can incorporate a more adaptive and flexible approach to design regulations in coastal zones. In the final article of this issue, Cory Parker explores how people experiencing homelessness inhabit landscapes in three California cities. From behavior observation and on-sit","PeriodicalId":54062,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Journal","volume":"40 1","pages":"v - vi"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44208227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proximity of Urban Farms to Contaminated Sites in Baltimore, Maryland","authors":"Isabel Shargo, Jonathan Hall, Ashley Deng, Niya Khanjar, Camryn Edwards, Isabelle Berman, Joseph Galarraga, Sacoby M. Wilson","doi":"10.3368/wplj.40.1.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/wplj.40.1.17","url":null,"abstract":"The proliferation of urban farming in Baltimore City has helped counter the lack of available healthy food but raises concerns regarding public health and environmental justice because of its potential proximity to environmental hazards and toxic sites. We used GIS mapping and a Getis–Ord Gi* hotspot analysis to determine if specific environmental hazards were disproportionately located in census tracts with urban farms or in low-income communities of color. These analyses found that most urban farms were in pockets of lowincome communities of color. However, most environmental hazards were not proximate to urban farms but in regions with more White populations bordering the Inner Harbor, including Federal Hill, and in historically industrial centers such as Curtis Bay. These findings are hopeful with respect to the notion of urban farming as a healthy and sustainable solution to food insecurity with low risk of contamination. Even so, there were cases of hazardous sites in census tracts deemed urban farm hotspots. Some urban farms located in areas with high percentages of lowincome communities and Black or African American populations have the potential to be contaminated by hazardous sites. The methodology in this study could be used in the siting of future urban agricultural ventures in cities with legacy pollution as a first step in ensuring that growing operations are not sited near toxic hazards that could threaten the safety of produce for consumption.","PeriodicalId":54062,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Journal","volume":"40 1","pages":"17 - 33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49091949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parks and Recreation System Planning: A New Approach for Creating Sustainable, Resilient Communities","authors":"D. Kuehn","doi":"10.3368/wplj.40.1.67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/wplj.40.1.67","url":null,"abstract":"A manual for the next generation of parks and recreation practitioners, Barth weaves together a prescriptive handbook of strategies and examples for systems-oriented master planning in the sector. While it can be read linearly, it is more useful as a compendium of pointers related to the different steps of the master planning process in a parks and recreation context. Operating in three parts, Barth first weaves together a compelling introduction for practitioners about the importance of parks and recreation to ecosystems, health, society, and economy. The next two parts lay out the advantages of a strategic approach to developing plans compared to more traditional methods, and the minutia of practicing parks and recreation system planning and implementation with this more strategic approach. As a landscape architect, project manager, and urban planner with decades of consulting experience, Barth is well suited to provide instructional guidance on this topic.Barth applies a systems theory approach to parks and recreation system planning and manage-ment. The opening chapters make the case for adopting a triple-bottom line lens to parks and recreation systems, grounded in considerable research. The case studies of “high performance public spaces” illustrates the power of this lens to make the economic, social, and environmental case for parks and recreation. For example, Barth shares his experiences in revitalizing Kissimmee Lakefront Park in Florida that improved lake habitat, provided new recreational and social amenities, and catalyzed broader economic development in the surrounding area. This theoretical approach is carried through the later chapters of the book with a detailing of the minute operational elements of a cyclical plan development and review process. In these chapters, the author lays out a blueprint for how to prepare for, develop, and implement a parks and recreation system master plan. There is a plethora of useful framing questions and propositions in these later chapters that will likely make their way into many local government master planning initiatives in the coming decade. Barth emphasizes collaboration at","PeriodicalId":54062,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Journal","volume":"40 1","pages":"67 - 68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47678579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}