Journal of Conflict Archaeology最新文献

{"title":"For want of a nail? Proxies for analysing POW and guard access to supplies at a Confederate prison camp","authors":"Ryan K. McNutt, E. Jones","doi":"10.1080/15740773.2019.1732062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15740773.2019.1732062","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Camp Lawton is a Confederate camp for Union PoWs in Georgia, USA. Built in 1864, inhabited for six weeks, and abandoned in advance of Sherman’s march to the sea, it is the focus of an ongoing research project. One of the key questions, yet unresolved, concerning Civil War POW camps is the lack of PoW access to essential supplies. Historical debates rage over the intentionality of these depravations, with a recurring argument asserting a universal privation, for guards and PoWS. The archaeology of internment camps can end this debate. Presented here are interpretations from recent fieldwork via an unlikely source: the machine-cut nail, analysed as a proxy in the absence of traditional evidence of subsistence and supply. Present in large numbers in PoW and guard areas, but clearly not architectural, this paper explores a narrative where nails, and the purpose for which they were put to, were not wanting.","PeriodicalId":53987,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conflict Archaeology","volume":"14 1","pages":"181 - 211"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15740773.2019.1732062","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45630729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contested archaeological approaches to mass grave exhumations in Zimbabwe","authors":"Njabulo Chipangura, Keith K. Silika","doi":"10.1080/15740773.2020.1729614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15740773.2020.1729614","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Within the last 50 years, present day Zimbabwe, (Figure 1), formerly Rhodesia, a Southern African country, has gone through various pogroms resulting in the death of over 50,000 people in total both within and outside the country. The massacres consist of the Liberation War (1966–1979); political violence characterized by every election since 1980; the Matabeleland Democide (1982–1987); and the diamond conflict in Marange, Eastern Zimbabwe (2006–2018). These various episodes of violence have produced a myriad of human body depositional sites which include mine shafts, mass graves at schools and hospitals, burials at detention centres, pit latrines, and caves. This paper will analyse the disagreements and antagonism between professional archaeologists and vernacular exhumers that emerged during various limited exhumation of mass graves within the country. The paper will conclude by offering avenues of approaches to mass graves exhumation as the material evidence might in future, subject to judicial inquiries, contribute towards truth telling and peace and reconciliation.","PeriodicalId":53987,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conflict Archaeology","volume":"14 1","pages":"163 - 180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15740773.2020.1729614","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43557591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vernacular memorialization in the military: personal acts of remembrance at RAF Thorpe Abbotts","authors":"Derwin Gregory","doi":"10.1080/15740773.2020.1726124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15740773.2020.1726124","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In September 2017, an archaeological excavation at RAF Thorpe Abbotts (also known as Station 139) uncovered 7 identification ‘dog’ tags belonging to airmen of the United States Army Air Force (USAAF). It is the thesis of this article that these were purposefully buried by individuals within the 100th Bomb Group (Heavy) as acts of remembrance. Alongside the dog tags were a number of other artefacts, including coins, bottles, and a canteen cup. These likely formed the material culture of self-developed grieving rituals established by the primary group responsible for the deposition of the dog tags.","PeriodicalId":53987,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conflict Archaeology","volume":"14 1","pages":"83 - 98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15740773.2020.1726124","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44050742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘Un engin de torture, une baïonnette à crochets; une arme blanche déshonorée’: an historical-archaeological evaluation of the Sawback bayonets of the Deutsches Heer","authors":"Julian Bennett","doi":"10.1080/15740773.2019.1730074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15740773.2019.1730074","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Imperial German Army (Deutsches Herr) was unique among the combatants in World War One (WW1) in issuing to a proportion of its soldiers a bayonet whose blade back was fashioned as a saw. A common belief developed quickly among the Allies that these sawback bayonets were weapons specifically intended to inflict a particularly vicious type of wound. After setting out the origins of this class of weapon and explaining their real purpose, the two main types of sawback bayonet available to the Deutsches Heer during WW1 are then concisely described. Its reputation as a weapon of especial barbarity is outlined, along with an overview of bayonet use in combat between the mid-nineteenth century and 1918, as evidenced by official sources, highlighting the lack of any specific contemporary references to the use of or the wounds caused by sawback bayonets. The article concludes by detailing the contemporary German sources relevant to its withdrawal from service use in 1917.","PeriodicalId":53987,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conflict Archaeology","volume":"14 1","pages":"99 - 125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15740773.2019.1730074","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43794151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘The sea shall have our weapons’: small arms and forced migration across the Baltic Sea during the Second World War","authors":"Mirja Arnshav","doi":"10.1080/15740773.2019.1735218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15740773.2019.1735218","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT During the Second World War, a large number of guns were brought to Sweden by refugees escaping the occupation powers of the eastern Baltic countries. Most people had very limited space for bringing belongings with them, but small arms were apparently highly prioritised when setting out – yet, at the same time, they were usually disposed of in the course of the crossing. Informed by Latours’ thoughts on hybrid actors, this paper explores the relationship between humans and arms during the escape across the Baltic Sea in 1943–45. It is shown that although they were seldom fired, the physical presence of these arms directly affected human action, perception and identities, and that it did so in different ways during different phases of the crossing.","PeriodicalId":53987,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conflict Archaeology","volume":"14 1","pages":"126 - 142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15740773.2019.1735218","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49427065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of the 6th PGCA conference","authors":"Camilla Damlund, Sophie M. McMillan","doi":"10.1080/15740773.2019.1730084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15740773.2019.1730084","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This is a review of the 6th Postgraduate Conflict Archaeology conference held in Glasgow in October of 2019. It summarizes the presentations and keynotes delivered at the two-day conference, and reflects on the benefit of postgraduate and ECR specific conferences, the gender disparity within the field of conflict archaeology, and the importance of a supportive network of colleagues.","PeriodicalId":53987,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conflict Archaeology","volume":"14 1","pages":"212 - 222"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15740773.2019.1730084","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45725352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From conflict archaeology to archaeologies of conflict: remote survey in Kandahar, Afghanistan","authors":"Emily Boak","doi":"10.1080/15740773.2019.1731144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15740773.2019.1731144","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Emerging from research with the Afghan Heritage Mapping Partnership, a multi-year project using satellite imagery to detect, record and manage archaeological heritage, this paper examines the potentials of remote-sensing to not only monitor archaeological material culture, but also contemporary materiality as it is violently (re)assembled through conflict. Through systematic remote-sensed archaeological survey using diachronic imagery in Kandahar, Afghanistan, this work expands archaeological understanding of an under-surveyed region while exploring the impact of the region’s expansive military infrastructural footprint on cultural heritage. Further, this research considers the long history of landscapes of control and successive military occupations. Remote survey allows for continued generation of archaeological data during conflict, thereby enabling more thorough heritage management. Finally, this survey demonstrates that, although remote aerial technologies have been criticized as tools of violence, surveillance and control, satellite imagery can be used analytically to generate new understandings of and challenges to military infrastructural reach.","PeriodicalId":53987,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conflict Archaeology","volume":"14 1","pages":"143 - 162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15740773.2019.1731144","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43943020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial JCA 14.2&3","authors":"I. Banks","doi":"10.1080/15740773.2019.1737455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15740773.2019.1737455","url":null,"abstract":"The papers in this double issue of the Journal of Conflict Archaeology brings to publication material from across the world, with contributions relating to Europe, the UK, America, Africa and Centr...","PeriodicalId":53987,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conflict Archaeology","volume":"14 1","pages":"79 - 82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15740773.2019.1737455","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44226001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial","authors":"I. Banks","doi":"10.1080/15740773.2019.1655697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15740773.2019.1655697","url":null,"abstract":"With the first issue of the new volume of the Journal of Conflict Archaeology, there have been a few changes. Professor Tony Pollard has stepped back from active editing of the Journal and has joined the editorial panel. He retains an interest in reading the incoming work and will remain active in ensuring that the Journal maintains its track record for publishing conflict archaeology in all of its many forms. Furthermore, as we realised that our editorial panel was entirely male, we have started to address this issue. Our panel now includes Dr Natasha Ferguson and we will be approaching other women working in conflict archaeology. Given that somuch interesting work is being undertaken by female scholars involved in initiatives such as War Through Other Stuff, this is long overdue. In 2016, at Fields of Conflict in Dublin, we presented a paper that looked at the demography of conflict archaeology. This was drawn frompapers given at the Fields of Conflict conferences since the inaugural meeting in Glasgow in 2000, and by the papers published in the Journal; wewere looking back across 10 years of the Journal and it seemed an appropriate moment to take stock. That paper analysed the nationalities of the authors, the topic of the papers, and the identified gender of the authors. What the analysis showed was that there was a substantial gender imbalance where less than a quarter of authors of papers in either arena came from or involved women; the figure is far worse if looking at lead authors. This imbalance does not reflect the levels of women working in the field. There are clearly a lot more women working on conflict through archaeology, history, museum studies, art history and so forth than the figures represent. There is also a lot of doctoral research being carried out by female scholars. Over time, the imbalance will hopefully fade away; however, as was expressed at a recent War Through Other Stuff meeting at the National Army Museum in London, in the lifetime of the Journal, no papers have been submitted to the Journal looking at women’s experiences or giving a female perspective. It is high time that changed and we are definitely looking for papers to remedy that omission. Things are changing, of course. The forthcoming Sixth Post-Graduate Conference in Conflict Archaeology in Glasgow in October will have a little under 40% of the speakers being female scholars; we are also hoping that there will be many more papers from women in the 2020 Fields of Conflictwhichwill be in Edinburgh in September 2020. As noted above, it is also to be hoped that there will be papers covering women’s experiences and perspectives. The literature on conflict can be lacking in nuance and diversity at times – it is easy to accept the popular perception ofWWI being essentially aboutwhitemen killing each other. What has become ever more clear over the past few years of intensive research into the First World War as the centenary years came round is that such a percep","PeriodicalId":53987,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conflict Archaeology","volume":"14 1","pages":"1 - 3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15740773.2019.1655697","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48931020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The ballistics of seventeenth century musket balls","authors":"David Miller, D. Allsop, D. Carr","doi":"10.1080/15740773.2019.1634914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15740773.2019.1634914","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper investigates the firing of seventeenth Century musket balls. Prior to this research, the main concerns with making range predictions were associated with the deformed shape of the musket balls affecting their drag coefficient and therefore their distance to ground impact. However, the distance due to bounce and roll after initial impact has been unknown. In this work, the distance travelled after the first ground impact greatly exceeded expectations, with the musket balls approximately doubling the distance to their final resting positions. From these findings the initial factors thought to have had high relevance to the final resting position of the musket ball (velocity variation and drag co-efficient) become less significant and factors such as ground hardness become more prominent. The knowledge gained during this investigation will allow more accurate information to be obtained on the firing positions of opposing forces during conflicts in the English Civil War.","PeriodicalId":53987,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conflict Archaeology","volume":"14 1","pages":"25 - 36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15740773.2019.1634914","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43036956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}