Journal of the Indian Ocean Region最新文献

{"title":"Introduction: Indianoceanness and its Indo-Pacific dimensions","authors":"S. Chaturvedi","doi":"10.1080/19480881.2023.2231704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19480881.2023.2231704","url":null,"abstract":"There is a growing appreciation by both academia and policymakers in the Indian Ocean region, and beyond, that proactively engaging with the wider Indo-Pacific region –a vast maritime region of overlapping sub-regions– is no longer a matter of choice but a necessity. Several contributions to the past editions of the Journal of the Indian Ocean Region (JIOR) have underlined the importance of pluralizing the construct of Indo-Pacific while retaining the exceptionalism of Indianoceanness. There has been a growing acceptance and acknowledgement at the same time that the return and rise of the Indo-Pacific (Doyle & Rumley, 2020) will continue to be perceived differently from diverse geopolitical, geoeconomic and geostrategic locations. A mature and mutually shared understanding of where, how and when national interests converge, and/or diverge, bodes well for the future of multilateralism in general and regional cooperation in particular in this region. What provides unity in the midst of diverse perceptions, policies and positions of multiple stakeholders is the awareness that the maritime domain –as highlighted by the UN Ocean Decade– is a medium that forces us to think innovatively about sovereignty, security and sustainability. Given the very nature of the World Ocean, (in)security and (un)sustainability for anyone and anywhere amounts to (in)security and (un)sustainability for everyone and everywhere. Therefore, a rigid understanding of the inside/outside of maritime regions and sub-regions remains convoluted and contested. Once realized, the awareness of unity in diversity should enable us to map out commonalities and convergences in apparently diverse –at times divergent– national positions on what Indo-Pacific stands –or should stand—for. Sustainable ocean development and effective ocean governance need cooperation across multiple sectors and scales that could –and should— facilitate a new maritime regionalism in the Indian Ocean, with the sub-regional scale playing an important complementary role in ensuring that the living habitat of both humans and non-humans remains free from international discord and geopolitical rivalries. In the commonly shared, forward-looking vision of an open, rule-based, inclusive, peaceful and socially just maritime order for the Indian Ocean and the wider Indo-Pacific space, there are no winners and losers per se. Readers may recall several scholarly contributions published in the past editions of JIOR on a highly complex yet extremely compelling subject of ‘connectivity’, such as in the special issue focusing on the Bay of Bengal (Basu Ray Chaudhury & Chatterji, 2019). What we are dealing with here is a basket of issues related to ‘Contentious Connectivity’ (Gaens & Sinkkonen, 2023). In the ongoing epistemic battle between reductionist accounts of connectivity based on wild generalizations and speculations, and, meticulously researched theoretically robust and empirically engaged case studies, the JIOR remains co","PeriodicalId":53974,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indian Ocean Region","volume":"18 1","pages":"205 - 208"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43112281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The weakening hegemon's quest for an alliance in the Indo-Pacific: AUKUS","authors":"Selim Kurt, Göktürk Tüysüzoğlu, Cenk Özgen","doi":"10.1080/19480881.2023.2170512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19480881.2023.2170512","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\u0000 AUKUS is one of the most significant reflections of the rivalry in the Indo-Pacific region between the US and China. US, which seems to be pursuing a strategy of creating an alliances system in the region, particularly with the steps it has taken recently, is trying to use this initiative paving the way for Australia to possess nuclear submarines as leverage to balance China militarily. It has been first considered that this Pact may yield various military gains to the US in the region; this alliance may also be associated with the weakening of its hegemony, however. Based on this fact, Wallerstein's World Systems Theory approach, which explains the transformation of hegemony through different phases, was used in this study to better understand the conditions that led to AUKUS. Then, it was concluded that this Pact, in some sense, is a regional reflection of the US decline globally.","PeriodicalId":53974,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indian Ocean Region","volume":"18 1","pages":"230 - 249"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46259092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chinese debt trap diplomacy: reality or myth?","authors":"Michal Himmer, Zdeněk Rod","doi":"10.1080/19480881.2023.2195280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19480881.2023.2195280","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Debt-trap diplomacy (DTD) is seen as a relatively new Chinese policy tool connected to BRI. DTD builds on the approach that China intentionally excessively lends money to low-income indebted states that cannot later repay Chinese debt. The borrowing state thus relinquishes some of its strategic assets to decrease its debt burden towards China (debt-for-equity swap). DTD debate has been encompassed by particular criticism questioning the existence of such a strategy as DTD. Scholars questioning DTD existence suggest DTD is far more complicated than it is usually portrayed, meaning DTD should not be automatically taken as a predatory technique China strategically pursues. This study seeks to elucidate whether China uses DTD as an elaborated strategic tool or if it is a solely constructed narrative that does not have any empirical substantiation. Six countries – Sri Lanka, Maldives, Malaysia, Laos, Kenya, and Djibouti – were analysed.","PeriodicalId":53974,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indian Ocean Region","volume":"18 1","pages":"250 - 272"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49533489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sagarmala & India’s maritime big push approach: seaports as India’s geo-economic gateways & neighborhood maritime lessons","authors":"Rudra Prasad Pradhan, Chhavi Rathi, Suraj Gupta","doi":"10.1080/19480881.2022.2114195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19480881.2022.2114195","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Rejecting economic gradualism, Rosenstein-Rodan, back in 1943 advocated huge government-led initial infrastructure investment or ‘Big-Push Approach’ to achieve big economic growth. Welfare economists like Arthur Lewis and Rugnar Nursk expanded the proposition through their ‘Dual Sector Model’ and ‘Balanced Growth Approach’ converting the whole idea as a body of ‘Modernisation Theories’ for economic growth and development. John Maynard Keynes endorsed the idea too through his ‘Mixed Economy Growth Model’ prescription. Seaports are India’s trade and geo-economic gateways. India meanwhile has launched a very ambitious maritime modernization program called ‘Sagarmala 2015–2035’ to modernize Indian Seaports and develop port-led industrialization similar to Rodan’s Big Push approach. Seaports and their vessel traffic pattern provide critical insight into national maritime geo-economic outreach. In the background of India’s Sagarmala maritime modernization experience and similar lessons from the neighborhood, using Seaports vessel traffic as a variable, this article analyzes India’s maritime geo-economic comparative outreach and challenges.","PeriodicalId":53974,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indian Ocean Region","volume":"18 1","pages":"209 - 229"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43141471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ocean governance opportunities and challenges in the Indian Ocean","authors":"C. Schofield","doi":"10.1080/19480881.2022.2145547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19480881.2022.2145547","url":null,"abstract":"This dedicatory section in this issue of the Journal of the Indian Ocean Region includes three papers as part of an effort to honor Commodore Professor Sam Bateman who passed away in October 2020. Before joining the academic community full-time, Sam served in the Royal Australian Navy (RAN) for four decades, commanding several ships. Sam was a scholar and a sailor, something that was illustrated by his taking on the role of the first Director General of the RAN’s Maritime Studies Program which later became the Sea Power Centre Australia. Further, in his final posting with the Navy, Sam became the founding Director of the Centre of Maritime Policy (CMP) at the University of Wollongong, the organization that became the Australian National Centre for Ocean Resources and Security (ANCORS) in 2005. Further, from 2004 to 2018, he served Senior Fellow and Advisor to the S. Rajaratnam School of Maritime Security Programme (2004–2018). Sam’s research interests were wide-ranging, encompassing issues including naval operations, the role of coast guards, ocean governance, law of the sea, mariner well-being, and environmental stewardship. All of these interests were, however, were founded on a desire to foster enhanced safety and security at sea. The Indian Ocean region was of particular interest to Sam who recognized its growing strategic importance. Accordingly, he sought to highlight and draw attention to the need to improve understanding of understandings of challenges in the Indian Ocean, whether they related to competition, especially between India and China, risks related to interstate conflict, terrorize, smuggling in all its forms, the scourge of illegal fishing and increasing concerns over climate change impacts, natural disasters and other non-traditional security threats. Sam leaves a powerful legacy as a leader, a strategist, a thinker in the field of maritime security and had a profound influence in the Indian Ocean region and far beyond. In order to mark his contribution a joint ANCORS-RSIS project has led to a series of meetings and the production of an edited volume entitled Towards Maritime Cooperation in the IndoPacific Region: Policy, Governance and Security: Essays in Honour of Commodore Sam Bateman will be published with Brill Publishing towards the end of 2022. Additionally, and reflecting the strong response to the call for papers for that project, a number of more regionallyoriented papers have been published in the journal Contemporary Southeast Asia and here in the pages of the Journal of the Indian Ocean Region. The three papers included in the section of the journal dedicated to the memory of Sam collectively address ocean governance opportunities and challenges in the Indian Ocean. These include India’s role in providing and enabling maritime security in the Indian Ocean region, something which given budget constraints and capacity shortfalls involves increasing emphasis on maritime security partnerships and cooperation between I","PeriodicalId":53974,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indian Ocean Region","volume":"18 1","pages":"85 - 86"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45514210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harmonizing maritime governance in the Indo-Pacific region","authors":"Shishir Upadhyaya","doi":"10.1080/19480881.2022.2118194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19480881.2022.2118194","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Maritime safety and security remains an area of concern in the Indo-Pacific region, a vast integrated maritime space bound by trade and shipping connectivity. While multiple organizations have evolved over the years to address the various threats and challenges at the sub-regional level, the absence of an overarching institution that could synergize these efforts to improve wider maritime governance has hampered overall efforts. This article explains how such an ‘umbrella’ organization could be created to enhance maritime safety and security in the Indo-Pacific region.","PeriodicalId":53974,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indian Ocean Region","volume":"18 1","pages":"116 - 132"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45961260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring maritime diplomacy of small island developing states in Africa: cases of Mauritius and Seychelles","authors":"Lisa Otto","doi":"10.1080/19480881.2022.2111049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19480881.2022.2111049","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Maritime diplomacy remains a poorly defined concept despite the fact that the maritime domain carries implications for the ways in which states relate to one another both in the past and in the contemporary era. Nonetheless, for many states, the maritime domain has come to hold increasing importance as it intersects with present environmental, economic, and security concerns. This is particularly true in Africa, where many states see the Blue Economy as their next economic frontier, presenting manifold opportunities for growth, but which are in turn threatened by transnational criminal activity, and, the universal challenge of climate change and environmental degradation. This article details the concept of maritime diplomacy and attempts to provide a typology for a deeper understanding of this form of diplomacy. It then considers the practical application of maritime diplomacy by the small island developing states in Africa, providing Mauritius and the Seychelles case studies.","PeriodicalId":53974,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indian Ocean Region","volume":"18 1","pages":"133 - 148"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46210683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Making sense of the human-climate-environment nexus in the Indian Ocean","authors":"David Brewster","doi":"10.1080/19480881.2022.2104356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19480881.2022.2104356","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53974,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indian Ocean Region","volume":"18 1","pages":"200 - 201"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47282074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From ‘net security provider’ to ‘preferred security partnerships’: the rhetoric, reality and result of India’s maritime security cooperation","authors":"Rahul Roy‐Chaudhury","doi":"10.1080/19480881.2022.2118191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19480881.2022.2118191","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT India’s governments since 2011 have rhetorically described a new and ambitious role for the navy as a ‘net security provider’ primarily to island and littoral states of the Indian Ocean. This was primarily based on the navy’s tasks as the ‘first responder’ for maritime disasters and enhanced Maritime Domain Awareness. Yet, the navy preferred instead to be seen in a less expansive role as a ‘provider of net maritime security.’ In late 2020, the navy further adapted this role to become a ‘preferred security partner’ for the littoral and island states of the Indian Ocean. This was essentially the result of budget constraints and capacity shortfalls. But, it also wisely signalled India’s more inclusive and minilateral/multilateral approach towards maritime security cooperation in the aftermath of its border clash with China in June 2020 and China's growing presence, influence and impact in the Indian Ocean region.","PeriodicalId":53974,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indian Ocean Region","volume":"18 1","pages":"87 - 98"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49644945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geopolitics of ‘Imaginary Greater Eurasia’ and Russia’s dilemma of Asia-Pacific vs Indo-Pacific strategy: an analysis from India’s strategic perspective","authors":"Nalin Kumar Mohapatra","doi":"10.1080/19480881.2022.2135075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19480881.2022.2135075","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Russia, because of its location and geopolitical proclivity, through its geopolitical doctrines of ‘Greater Eurasia’ and ‘Asia Pivot’ is interested in playing a major role in the Indo-Pacific. The growing role of the United States along with a marked increase in China’s expansionist policy in the Indo-Pacific region is also generating apprehensions for Russia. India, as a ‘pivotal player’ in the Indo-Pacific region, is also affected by the strategic developments, especially due to China's ‘imperial maneuvering’ in this geopolitical space. Being part of the Quad, and at the same time having a strategic partnership with Russia, provides India with an immense strategic opportunity. India can also strengthen its outreach to the Central Asian geopolitical space, particularly to energy-rich Kazakhstan through Russia’s Siberia and the Far East which connect with the Indo-Pacific. Russia-Ukraine war is also posing additional security challenges to Indo-Pacific.","PeriodicalId":53974,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indian Ocean Region","volume":"18 1","pages":"173 - 199"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45628861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}