Shahid Aziz, Haris Riaz Khan, Saleha Parveen, Uroosa Zakir, Kamil Akram, Ghulam Mustafa, Faisal Rasheed
{"title":"<b><i>Helicobacter pylori</i> and Gastroduodenal Diseases: Advances in Diagnostic Strategies and Clinical Implications</b>","authors":"Shahid Aziz, Haris Riaz Khan, Saleha Parveen, Uroosa Zakir, Kamil Akram, Ghulam Mustafa, Faisal Rasheed","doi":"10.61919/s2m13y73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61919/s2m13y73","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Helicobacter pylori causes a substantial global burden of gastroduodenal disease, including peptic ulcer, gastric MALT lymphoma, and adenocarcinoma. Accurate, context-specific diagnosis is essential to guide eradication therapy, reduce complications, and enable cancer prevention, yet test performance varies with bacterial distribution, medication exposure, bleeding, and prior surgery. Objective: To synthesize contemporary diagnostic strategies for H. pylori, integrate evidence from guidelines and primary studies, and appraise emerging tools—artificial intelligence (AI)–assisted endoscopy and proteomics—for their clinical utility and implementation. Methods: We conducted a narrative review of English-language literature (2000–2025) across PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, supplemented by guideline statements (Maastricht, ACG/CAG, Japanese) and reference snowballing. Evidence was organized by invasive versus non-invasive modalities, clinical scenarios (dyspepsia, bleeding, pediatrics, post-gastrectomy, test-of-cure), and translational technologies (AI, proteomics). Results: Urea breath test and monoclonal stool antigen assays consistently demonstrated ≥90% accuracy for initial diagnosis and post-treatment confirmation, contingent on appropriate medication washout. Biopsy-based histology, rapid urease testing, culture, and molecular assays offered complementary information—particularly for histopathology and resistance profiling—but were impacted by sampling and pre-analytical factors. AI systems improved endoscopic recognition and biopsy targeting, while proteomic studies identified candidate biomarkers (e.g., HSPs, annexins, ENO1, GKN1) with diagnostic and prognostic potential; however, external validation and workflow standardization remain limiting. Conclusion: Optimal H. pylori diagnosis requires individualized test selection and, where appropriate, combined strategies. AI and proteomics are poised to augment established pathways, enabling precision, resistance-aware care and earlier cancer prevention once validated and operationalized. Keywords: Helicobacter pylori; urea breath test; stool antigen; endoscopy; histopathology; rapid urease test; culture; PCR; antibiotic resistance; artificial intelligence; proteomics; biomarkers; gastric cancer; dyspepsia; precision medicine","PeriodicalId":53682,"journal":{"name":"Community Practitioner","volume":"1 1","pages":"e761-e761"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://jhwcr.com/index.php/jhwcr/article/download/761/817","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147902085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Lobbying against the CUTS.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53682,"journal":{"name":"Community Practitioner","volume":"90 5","pages":"18-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36078741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"How to Promote SUN Safety.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53682,"journal":{"name":"Community Practitioner","volume":"90 5","pages":"22-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36078743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"You have to BITE.","authors":"Rachael Maskell","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53682,"journal":{"name":"Community Practitioner","volume":"90 5","pages":"16-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36078740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}