Mineralia Slovaca最新文献

{"title":"Electroremediation in low-hydraulic conductivity zones – current stage of knowledge and small-scale laboratory experiment","authors":"Claudia Čičáková, Roman Tóth, H. Horváthová, Anton Drábik, Ľubomír Jurkovič, Denis Kravchenko","doi":"10.56623/ms.2022.54.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56623/ms.2022.54.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"Over past decades, the rapid increase of industrial activities has caused vast environmental pollution by different types of contaminants. Groundwater sources belong to the most vulnerable parts of the environment. Zones, especially aquifers with low hydraulic-conductivity (mainly clayey, silty soils with gravels) represent a considerable challenge for scientists to remediate due to their low transmissivity values. Conventional remediation methods (i.e. pump and treat) are ineffective in such conditions; therefore, new and effective methods are required. Electroremediation appears to be a suitable technique in aquifers with low-hydraulic conductivity. Although, this method has been known for decades, there is still a lack of field applications. This article summarizes the current stage of knowledge in electrokinetic remediation of contaminants (e.g. hydrocarbons, metals) in low-hydraulic conductivity aquifers and presents information from certain available field application studies. The aim was to focus on optimizing and enhancing approaches in the electroremediation method and summarily bring useful information to future researchers in their practical utilization. Furthermore, a small-scale laboratory experiment was conducted to prove the efficiency of electroremediation of chlorinated hydrocarbons in groundwater from the model locality (environmental burden), intended for large-scale pilot decontamination by this approach.","PeriodicalId":53671,"journal":{"name":"Mineralia Slovaca","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41406046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study of As elimination from the pit water in locality Zlatá Idka-Rieka, Slovakia and characterization of sediment in this locality","authors":"Z. Danková, A. Bekényiová, Katarína Čechovská, E. Fedorová, J. Nováková, Katarína Uhrinová, J. Briančin, Dušan Kúšik","doi":"10.56623/ms.2022.54.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56623/ms.2022.54.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"The study presents introductory laboratory and in-situ experiments focused on elimination of As from the pit water in locality Zlatá Idka-Rieka, Slovakia, as well as on characterization of the sediment parameters in this locality from the viewpoint of their eventual toxicity. The mobility of As from the sediment is dependent on the chemical bonds with non-stable Fe oxides/hydroxides, creating surface coatings on the grains of minerals and soil, present in the lake of pit water. Leachates after the Simply Bioavailability Extraction Test contained high concentrations of Fe (223 mg.l–1), Mn (165 mg.l–1), as well as As (11.1 mg.l–1), which are potential toxic for people in case of contamination of the soil attached to vegetables, or from coarse dust that can be inhaled and then swallowed. The batch adsorption experiments were performed in the laboratory and next in in-situ conditions. As adsorbents natural zeolite, terra rossa and their mixture were used. In laboratory the As adsorption was fast, reached equilibrium almost after 4 hours. The adsorption capacity of zeolite and terra rossa was 18.3 and 25,3 μg.g–1, respectively. Effect of in-situ As removal was the highest for terra rossa (almost 85 %) and the concentration of As in leachate after the experiment was slightly higher than required limited value. The promising results for future in-situ applications brought laboratory column experiments, where after 4 cycles of adsorption the effectivity of columns was still 95 % independently on the columns filling (layers or mixture of studied adsorbents).","PeriodicalId":53671,"journal":{"name":"Mineralia Slovaca","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44924865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Results of the second phase of deep-sea polymetallic nodules geological survey in Interoceanmetal Joint Organization licence area (2016–2021)","authors":"B. Peter","doi":"10.56623/ms.2022.54.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56623/ms.2022.54.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"The exploration rights of the Interoceanmetal Joint Organization for exploration of polymetallic nodules (PMN) are granted from 29 March 2001 to an area located within the Clarion-Clipperton Zone (CCZ) in the eastern central Pacifi c Ocean. Exploration area covers 75,000 km2 and consists of two sectors (B1 and B2). The B2 sector comprises four exploration blocks (H11, H22, H33 and H44). The most prospective area, selected for detailed research, is marked as H22_NE exploitable block and delineated within the H22 exploration block. The article presents results of geological survey, based mostly on the data collected during the second phase of exploration in the licence area (2016–2021, extension of the contract). Results are based on IOM’s expeditions and relevant analytical work. During the IOM-2018 expedition high resolution bathymetric survey of H11, H22, H33 and H44 exploration blocks was carried out. The IOM-2019 expedition provided a new set of the data obtained using the distance methods (side-scan sonar, profi ler) and contact methods (box-corer and gravity corer) in H22_NE exploitable block, H33 exploration block and preliminary delineated Preservation Reference Zone. The study was focused on analytical work based on sediment and nodule analyses of samples in H22 exploration block and H22_NE exploitation block. New estimation of mineral resources in B2 sector was caried out using the geostatistical method of ordinary block kriging with Yamamoto correction. The polymetallic nodule resources have been classifi ed within the Inferred, Indicated and Measured Resources categories of the CRIRSCO classifi cation system.","PeriodicalId":53671,"journal":{"name":"Mineralia Slovaca","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48938474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of morphology of quartz crystals – “Marmarosh diamonds” – from Paleogene Flysch sequences of Krosno (Silesian) Zone, Dukla Zone in Ukrainian Carpathians, and Intra-Carpathian sequences of Western Carpathians","authors":"V. Olexandr, Naumko Ihor, Zankovych Halyna, Kuzmenko Yaroslav","doi":"10.56623/ms.2022.54.2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56623/ms.2022.54.2.3","url":null,"abstract":"Quartz crystals of “Marmarosh diamonds” type were goniometrically studied in Ukrainian Carpathians from the veins in flysch deposits of Krosno (Silesian) unit (137 crystals, locality 1 – New Beskydy Tunnel) and the Oligocene sediments of the Dukla Zone (77 crystals; loc. 2 – Pryslip pass). They were compared with quartz crystals from intra-Carpathian Paleogene sequences of the Western Carpathians in Slovakia (175 crystals; loc. 3 – Šoltysa stream). The analysis of the obtained results allows to state that the “Marmarosh diamonds” from the studied Ukrainian and Slovak localities are generally similar. The main simple forms represent the hexagonal prism m {101̅0} and the rhombohedra r {101̅1} and z {011̅1}. The following types of crystal habit have been identified: hexagonal-dipyramidal, pseudocubic, hexagonal-prismatic, trigonal-prismatic. For the polyhedra from the Ukrainian Carpathians, minor forms are less typical, such as the trigonal dipyramid s {112̅1} and the trapezoid x {516̅1}. Statistically, the shape of “Marmarosh diamond” crystals from the Ukrainian Carpathians is closer to isometric. For them, elongation along the main crystallographic axis is even less typical than for polyhedra from the Slovak localities. In addition, “Marmarosh diamonds” from the W. Carpathians in Slovakia are more often flattened at {101̅0}. In the process of crystal growth with decreasing temperature, the habit changes from hexagonal-dipyramidal to trigonal-prismatic. Quartz from Krosno (Silesian) zone of Ukrainian Carpathians was found in the association with calcite. There are numerous hydrocarbon inclusions in both minerals. The mineralogical crystallographic and geochemical investigations (especially of the migrating hydrocarbon fluids), are important for oil and gas geology of the Carpathian oil and gas-bearing province.","PeriodicalId":53671,"journal":{"name":"Mineralia Slovaca","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44007424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of two model environmental burdens with massive light non-aqueous phases liquids (LNALP) pollution – the extent of pollution identified by geological survey vs. reality uncovered by remediation","authors":"Macek Juraj, Jurkovič Ľubomír, Milička Ján, Tóth Roman, Horváthová Hana","doi":"10.56623/ms.2022.54.2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56623/ms.2022.54.2.4","url":null,"abstract":"The paper deals with the results of exploration and remediation in two railway operations. Locomotive depots in Štúrovo and Leopoldov belonged to heavily polluted sites with the occurrence of light non-aqueous phases liquids (LNAPL) on the groundwater table. Remediation began on the sites in 2018. The results of the pre-remediation surveys did not indicate the presence of large volumes of pollution in the form of free phase, however, during the remediation LNAPL flowed into new wells. At the same time, the spreading of LNAPL accumulations and the progressing of pollution in dissolved form by groundwater has not been confirmed. Comparison of surveys and remediation points to various facts that must be considered when evaluating the degree of pollution of the site. It is necessary to perceive the whole space of the railyard as possible source of pollution. Remediation project should not be based solely on the presence of LNAPL. Its presence and the risk it poses must be verified. Outcomes of activities, based on limited data, may in that case differ from the remediation goals.","PeriodicalId":53671,"journal":{"name":"Mineralia Slovaca","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49365848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxidation and decomposition of stratiform SedEx sulfidic mineralization in the epidote-amphibolite facies producing cassiterite, V-rich micas, In-Sn-Ag-Sb-Pb-Bi-Zn-Fe-As-Cu-Ni-Co sulfides and Fe-Ca-Pb carbonates in situ (Bystrý potok locality, Gemeric unit, W. Carpathians)","authors":"Radvanec Martin, Holický Ivan, Gonda Stanislav","doi":"10.56623/ms.2022.54.2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56623/ms.2022.54.2.2","url":null,"abstract":"The studied area of Bystrý potok locality (Gemeric unit, W. Carpathians) is built of lenses of lydites and limestones, being a part of the graphite bearing phyllites of Silurian Holec Beds. The Holec Beds represent the bedrock of the albite-quartz bearing keratophyre (trachyte sensu IUGS classif.) sequence with stratiform SedEx (sedimentary-exhalation) sulfidic mineralization in the Gemeric Lower Paleozoic stratigraphy. This SedEx mineralization was contemporaneous with Late Silurian–Devonian keratophyre/basalt magmatism and originated at 280–340 °C from the seafloor exhalates in Lower Paleozoic rift magmatism. The Silurian-Devonian rock sequences were metamorphosed in Permian. The limestone lenses were altered to Permian skarn in the epidote-amphibolite facies (526–546 °C, 3–6 kbar) and in related chlorite-apatite zone (420–540 °C) they consisted of garnet Grs41.4-60.2Sps19.8-32.8Alm16.7-22.2Adr0-8.5, hedenbergite Wo44.5-50.1Fs31.6-38.2En12.7-20.7, epidote, actinolite, fluorapatite, titanite, chlorite, ankerite and siderite. The disseminated original millerite was partially replaced by hauchecornite, hauchecornite-(Sb) and cobaltite was formed in the silicate matrix of the skarn. The Permian metamorphism of the epidote-amphibolite facies and the chlorite-apatite zone has also released a fluid phase rich in O2, H2O, CO2, H3PO4, H2S, HF and V from the organic matter-bearing rock (Holec Beds) into the overlying bed with keratophyres and primary stratiform SedEx sulfidic mineralization where V-rich micas, V-rich chlorite and schreyerite formed. The primary stratiform SedEx sulfidic mineralization composed predominantly of pyrite 1 less pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite 1, galena 1, arsenopyrite, ferrokesterite, stephanite, gudmundite, bismuthinite 1, PbBiSb-rich sulphide (A2B2S5-type) and kobellite has been oxidized and decomposed by this fluid phase to form a new metamorphic minerals in situ. The pyrrhotite decomposed to form szomolnokite, pyrite 2, goethite and siderite. The galena 1 was partly oxidized and decomposed to anglesite and cerussite. The In-rich ferrokesterite, Sn-rich sakuraiite and In-rich sphalerite 1 oxidized, decomposed, and reacted with the fluid phase to form cassiterite, chalcopyrite, In-rich sakuraiite and sphalerite 2. The PbSbBi-rich sulfide (A2B3X6-type), wittite, bismuthinite 2, native Bi and Se-rich galena 2 are new minerals, formed by the decomposition of original PbBiSb-rich sufhide (A2B2X5-type), kobellite and bismuthinite 1. Tetrahedrites 1–3 ranging from tetrahedrite-(Fe), kenoargentotetrahedrite-(Fe) to rozhdestvenskayaite-(Fe) show a gradual ordering in three separate zones controlled by immiscibility gaps in the Cu-Ag substitution of tetrahedrite group. These tetrahedrites were formed by the decomposition of the original SedEx ferrokesterite, stephanite and gudmundite. The gudmundite was also commonly oxidized to form valentinite and the decomposition of ferrokesterite, galena 1 and gudmundite also produced bou","PeriodicalId":53671,"journal":{"name":"Mineralia Slovaca","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43695545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}