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Modeling of Waves Propagating in Water with a Crushed Ice Layer on the Free Surface 自由表面有碎冰层的水中波浪传播模型
Archives of Hydroengineering and Environmental Mechanics Pub Date : 2017-12-01 DOI: 10.1515/heem-2017-0006
K. Szmidt
{"title":"Modeling of Waves Propagating in Water with a Crushed Ice Layer on the Free Surface","authors":"K. Szmidt","doi":"10.1515/heem-2017-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/heem-2017-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A transformation of gravitational waves in fluid of constant depth with a crushed ice layer floating on the free fluid surface is considered. The propagating waves undergo a slight damping along their path of propagation. The main goal of the study is to construct an approximate descriptive model of this phenomenon.With regard to small displacements of the free surface, a viscous type model of damping is considered, which corresponds to a continuous distribution of dash-pots at the free surface of the fluid. A constant parameter of the dampers is assumed in advance as known parameter of damping. This parameter may be obtained by means of experiments in a laboratory flume.","PeriodicalId":53658,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Hydroengineering and Environmental Mechanics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47307104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Response of Partially Saturated Non-cohesive Soils 部分饱和非粘性土的响应
Archives of Hydroengineering and Environmental Mechanics Pub Date : 2017-12-01 DOI: 10.1515/heem-2017-0012
W. Świdziński, J. Mierczyński, A. Mikos
{"title":"Response of Partially Saturated Non-cohesive Soils","authors":"W. Świdziński, J. Mierczyński, A. Mikos","doi":"10.1515/heem-2017-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/heem-2017-0012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper analyses and discusses experimental results of undrained triaxial tests. The tests were performed on non-cohesive partially saturated soil samples subjected to monotonic and cyclic loading. The tests were aimed at determining the influence of saturation degree on soil’s undrained response (shear strength, excess pore pressure generation). The saturation of samples was monitored by checking Skempton’s parameter B. Additionally, seismic P-wave velocity measurements were carried out on samples characterized by various degrees of saturation. The tests clearly showed that liquefaction may also take place in non-cohesive soils that are not fully saturated and that the liquefaction potential of such soils strongly depends on the B parameter.","PeriodicalId":53658,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Hydroengineering and Environmental Mechanics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47158105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
SPH Modelling of Sea-ice Pack Dynamics 海冰群动力学的SPH模型
Archives of Hydroengineering and Environmental Mechanics Pub Date : 2017-12-01 DOI: 10.1515/heem-2017-0008
R. Staroszczyk
{"title":"SPH Modelling of Sea-ice Pack Dynamics","authors":"R. Staroszczyk","doi":"10.1515/heem-2017-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/heem-2017-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The paper is concerned with the problem of sea-ice pack motion and deformation under the action of wind and water currents. Differential equations describing the dynamics of ice, with its very distinct mateFfigrial responses in converging and diverging flows, express the mass and linear momentum balances on the horizontal plane (the free surface of the ocean). These equations are solved by the fully Lagrangian method of smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH). Assuming that the ice behaviour can be approximated by a non-linearly viscous rheology, the proposed SPH model has been used to simulate the evolution of a sea-ice pack driven by wind drag stresses. The results of numerical simulations illustrate the evolution of an ice pack, including variations in ice thickness and ice area fraction in space and time. The effects of different initial ice pack configurations and of different conditions assumed at the coast-ice interface are examined. In particular, the SPH model is applied to a pack flow driven by a vortex wind to demonstrate how well the Lagrangian formulation can capture large deformations and displacements of sea ice.","PeriodicalId":53658,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Hydroengineering and Environmental Mechanics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44625935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
A Comparison of Simplified Two-dimensional Flow Models Exemplified by Water Flow in a Cavern 以洞室水流为例的二维简化流动模型的比较
Archives of Hydroengineering and Environmental Mechanics Pub Date : 2017-12-01 DOI: 10.1515/heem-2017-0009
Dzmitry Prybytak, P. Zima
{"title":"A Comparison of Simplified Two-dimensional Flow Models Exemplified by Water Flow in a Cavern","authors":"Dzmitry Prybytak, P. Zima","doi":"10.1515/heem-2017-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/heem-2017-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The paper shows the results of a comparison of simplified models describing a two-dimensional water flow in the example of a water flow through a straight channel sector with a cavern. The following models were tested: the two-dimensional potential flow model, the Stokes model and the Navier-Stokes model. In order to solve the first two, the boundary element method was employed, whereas to solve the Navier-Stokes equations, the open-source code library OpenFOAM was applied. The results of numerical solutions were compared with the results of measurements carried out on a test stand in a hydraulic laboratory. The measurements were taken with an ADV probe (Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter). Finally, differences between the results obtained from the mathematical models and the results of laboratory measurements were analysed.","PeriodicalId":53658,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Hydroengineering and Environmental Mechanics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48138251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Added Mass of Fluid and Fundamental Frequencies of a Horizontal Elastic Circular Plate Vibrating in Fluid of Constant Depth 流体附加质量与水平弹性圆板在等深度流体中振动的基频
Archives of Hydroengineering and Environmental Mechanics Pub Date : 2017-12-01 DOI: 10.1515/heem-2017-0011
K. Szmidt, B. Hedzielski
{"title":"Added Mass of Fluid and Fundamental Frequencies of a Horizontal Elastic Circular Plate Vibrating in Fluid of Constant Depth","authors":"K. Szmidt, B. Hedzielski","doi":"10.1515/heem-2017-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/heem-2017-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The paper deals with free vibrations of a horizontal thin elastic circular plate submerged in an infinite layer of fluid of constant depth. The motion of the plate is accompanied by the fluid motion, and thus, the pressure load on this plate results from displacements of the plate in time. The plate and fluid motions depend on boundary conditions, and, in particular, the pressure load depends on the gap between the plate and the fluid bottom. In theoretical description of this phenomenon, we deal with a coupled problem of hydrodynamics in which the plate and fluid motions are coupled through boundary conditions at the plate surfaces. This coupling leads to the so-called co-vibrating (added) mass of fluid, which significantly changes the fundamental frequencies (eigenfrequencies) of the plate. In formulation of the problem, a linear theory of small deflections of the plate is employed. At the same time, one assumes the potential fluid motion with the potential function satisfying Laplace’s equation within the fluid domain and appropriate boundary conditions at fluid boundaries. In order to solve the problem, the infinite fluid domain is divided into sub-domains of simple geometry, and the solution of problem equations is constructed separately for each of these domains. Numerical experiments have been conducted to illustrate the formulation developed in this paper.","PeriodicalId":53658,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Hydroengineering and Environmental Mechanics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48879900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Amounts of Water Adsorbed to the Surface of Clay Minerals at the Plastic Limit 塑性极限下粘土矿物表面吸附的水量
Archives of Hydroengineering and Environmental Mechanics Pub Date : 2017-12-01 DOI: 10.1515/heem-2017-0010
A. Gorączko, A. Olchawa
{"title":"The Amounts of Water Adsorbed to the Surface of Clay Minerals at the Plastic Limit","authors":"A. Gorączko, A. Olchawa","doi":"10.1515/heem-2017-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/heem-2017-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The paper presents results of a study on the amount of water associated with the solid phase of the clay water system at the plastic limit. Two model monomineral clays, namely kaolinite, and montmorillonite, were used in the study. The latter was obtained by gravitational sedimentation of Na-bentonite (Wyoming). The calculated mean number of water molecule layers on the external surface of montmorillonite was 14.4, and water in interlayer spaces constituted 0.3 of the water mass at the plastic limit. The number of water layers on the external surface of kaolinite particles was 63, which was related to the higher density of the surface electrical charge of kaolinite compared to that of montmorillonite. The calculations were made on the basis of the external surface area of clays and the basal spacing at the plastic limit measured by an X-ray diffraction test. The external surface area of clays was estimated by measuring sorption at a relative humidity p/p0 = 0.5.","PeriodicalId":53658,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Hydroengineering and Environmental Mechanics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44230723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Strupczewski Method for Parametric Design Hydrographs in Ungauged Cross-Sections 无规截面参数化设计过程线的Strupczewski方法
Archives of Hydroengineering and Environmental Mechanics Pub Date : 2017-06-27 DOI: 10.1515/heem-2017-0004
W. Gądek, B. Baziak, T. Tokarczyk
{"title":"Strupczewski Method for Parametric Design Hydrographs in Ungauged Cross-Sections","authors":"W. Gądek, B. Baziak, T. Tokarczyk","doi":"10.1515/heem-2017-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/heem-2017-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Nonparametric hydrographs, constructed by the method suggested by Archer, are usually used for developing parametric design hydrographs. Flow changes in time are described by the UPO ERR Gamma complex function, which denotes a Gamma curve reformulated to have a Unit Peak at the Origin (abbreviated to UPO), supplemented by the Exponential Replacement Recession (ERR) curve. It may be observed, that this solution does not work in some areas of the upper Vistula and middle Odra catchments when the times of the rising limb of a hydrograph are higher than the times of the falling limb, i.e. when the skewness coefficient approximates 0.5 or higher values. Better results can be achieved with the function suggested by Strupczewski in 1964. It is a solution which uses two parameters of the flood hydrograph. The objective of the present paper is to assess the Strupczewski method by comparing it with a complex UPO ERR Gamma function for gauged cross-sections in the upper Vistula and middle Odra catchments. The assessment was carried out for 30 gauged cross-sections (15 in each river catchment). The parameters were optimized for width-hydrograph descriptors W75 and W50, designed by the Archer method, and for the skewness coefficient s. Optimization using only two width-hydrograph descriptors aims to test how the Strupczewski method works for cross-sections for which the values of width-hydrograph descriptors W75 and W50 are known. The assessment of both methods was carried out with reference to a nonparametric hydrograph constructed by the Archer method. The results of these assessments suggest that the Strupczewski method may be used not only for gauged cross-sections, but also for ungauged ones.","PeriodicalId":53658,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Hydroengineering and Environmental Mechanics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47779259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Analysis of Dune Erosion on the Coast of South Baltic Sea Taking into Account Dune Landslide Processes 考虑沙丘滑坡过程的南波罗的海海岸沙丘侵蚀分析
Archives of Hydroengineering and Environmental Mechanics Pub Date : 2017-06-27 DOI: 10.1515/heem-2017-0001
Piotr Szmytkiewicz, L. Zabuski
{"title":"Analysis of Dune Erosion on the Coast of South Baltic Sea Taking into Account Dune Landslide Processes","authors":"Piotr Szmytkiewicz, L. Zabuski","doi":"10.1515/heem-2017-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/heem-2017-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract An analysis was carried out to determine the influence of landslide process at a few meters depth under the dune surface on the rebuilding of the dune. In the first step, calculations were done using the XBEACH model to determine seabed rebuilding as well as shore and dune undercutting for the assumed hydrologic and hydrodynamic conditions. Next, the obtained tachymetric profile of the dune and beach was fed into the FLAC2D program, and calculations of stress distribution, displacements and stability conditions were made. In this way, landslide movement was identified. The theoretical investigations clearly prove that waves attacking the dune not only cause surface erosion, but also trigger a landslide within the dune mass to a maximum depth of about 5 m. It results in a lowering of the dune crown by about 0:6 ÷ 0:7 m. Numerical models such as XBEACH, SBEACH or CSHORE do not take into account landslide occurrence, and thus underestimate dune erosion.","PeriodicalId":53658,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Hydroengineering and Environmental Mechanics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43967333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
A Numerical Study of Non-hydrostatic Shallow Flows in Open Channels 明渠非静水浅流的数值研究
Archives of Hydroengineering and Environmental Mechanics Pub Date : 2017-06-27 DOI: 10.1515/heem-2017-0002
Y. Zerihun
{"title":"A Numerical Study of Non-hydrostatic Shallow Flows in Open Channels","authors":"Y. Zerihun","doi":"10.1515/heem-2017-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/heem-2017-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The flow field of many practical open channel flow problems, e.g. flow over natural bed forms or hydraulic structures, is characterised by curved streamlines that result in a non-hydrostatic pressure distribution. The essential vertical details of such a flow field need to be accounted for, so as to be able to treat the complex transition between hydrostatic and non-hydrostatic flow regimes. Apparently, the shallow-water equations, which assume a mild longitudinal slope and negligible vertical acceleration, are inappropriate to analyse these types of problems. Besides, most of the current Boussinesq-type models do not consider the effects of turbulence. A novel approach, stemming from the vertical integration of the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations, is applied herein to develop a non-hydrostatic model which includes terms accounting for the effective stresses arising from the turbulent characteristics of the flow. The feasibility of the proposed model is examined by simulating flow situations that involve non-hydrostatic pressure and/or nonuniform velocity distributions. The computational results for free-surface and bed pressure profiles exhibit good correlations with experimental data, demonstrating that the present model is capable of simulating the salient features of free-surface flows over sharply-curved overflow structures and rigid-bed dunes.","PeriodicalId":53658,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Hydroengineering and Environmental Mechanics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41786358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Modal Analysis of a Steel Radial Gate Exposed to Different Water Levels 钢弧形闸门在不同水位作用下的模态分析
Archives of Hydroengineering and Environmental Mechanics Pub Date : 2017-06-27 DOI: 10.1515/heem-2017-0003
Krzysztof Brusewicz, Witold Sterpejkowicz-Wersocki, R. Jankowski
{"title":"Modal Analysis of a Steel Radial Gate Exposed to Different Water Levels","authors":"Krzysztof Brusewicz, Witold Sterpejkowicz-Wersocki, R. Jankowski","doi":"10.1515/heem-2017-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/heem-2017-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract With the increase in water retention needs and planned river regulation, it might be important to investigate the dynamic resistance of vulnerable elements of hydroelectric power plants, including steelwater locks. The most frequent dynamic loads affecting hydroengineering structures in Poland include vibrations caused by heavy road and railway traffic, piling works and mining tremors. More destructive dynamic loads, including earthquakes, may also occur in our country, although their incidence is relatively low. However, given the unpredictable nature of such events, as well as serious consequences they might cause, the study of the seismic resistance of the steel water gate, as one of the most vulnerable elements of a hydroelectric power plant, seems to be important. In this study, a steel radial gate has been analyzed. As far as water gates are concerned, it is among the most popular solutions because of its relatively small weight, compared to plain gates. A modal analysis of the steel radial gate was conducted with the use of the FEM in the ABAQUS software. All structural members were modelled using shell elements with detailed geometry representing a real structure.Water was modelled as an added mass affecting the structure. Different water levels were used to determine the most vulnerable state of the working steel water gate. The results of the modal analysis allowed us to compare the frequencies and their eigenmodes in response to different loads, which is one of the first steps in researching the dynamic properties of steel water gates and their behaviour during extreme dynamic loads, including earthquakes.","PeriodicalId":53658,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Hydroengineering and Environmental Mechanics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/heem-2017-0003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47887743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
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