{"title":"An Osteopathic Approach to Anemia","authors":"Raena Pettitt, Glynn Horkott, Dillon Reno, Bryce Grohol","doi":"10.33181/13085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33181/13085","url":null,"abstract":"With close to 2 billion people affected globally, anemia is a commonly seen condition worldwide. Diagnosed by a patient’s low hemoglobin, and then subsequently differentiated through red blood cell indices, a complete blood count should be performed on every patient presenting with the classic symptoms of anemia. Iron studies, as well as the corrected reticulocyte count and peripheral blood smears, can also be of use to further specify the exact type of anemia. Additionally, tests including colonoscopies, upper endoscopies and gynecologic procedures should be considered to identify the different underlying causes of the disease. The most common microcytic anemias include iron deficiency, thalassemia and anemia of inflammation. Deficiencies in folate and B12—also known as cobalamin—are the most common etiologies of macrocytic anemia. Treatment of each of these types of anemia is tailored to the individual patient based on the severity of their condition as well as the specific underlying cause. Osteopathically, anemia falls largely into the respiratory-circulatory model, as well as the metabolic-energy model, which can also be used to guide treatment. For a family physician, identifying symptoms, making accurate diagnoses and properly treating patients with anemia is of the utmost importance.","PeriodicalId":53642,"journal":{"name":"Osteopathic Family Physician","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44947254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Low-back pain in adolescents with an osteopathic component","authors":"Puneet Tung","doi":"10.33181/13078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33181/13078","url":null,"abstract":"Low-back pain (LBP) is a common symptom presenting in adolescents. Most back pain in adolescents is benign and musculoskeletal in nature, due to trauma or congenital anomalies. Other less common causes include infection, inflammatory conditions or neoplasm. A comprehensive history and physical focusing on posture, muscle tenderness, range of motion, muscle strength and neurological function is essential in understanding the cause of low-back pain. Identification of risk factors for low-back pain will help the clinician in managing their patient. Treatment includes rest, avoiding activities that cause pain, physical therapy, osteopathic manipulative treatment, limited use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and family and patient education. Assessing for warning signs or red flags of serious causes of LBP is a fundamental part of the clinical assessment. Pain that awakens from sleep, pain lasting longer than 4 weeks, sudden onset pain, systemic findings such as fever or weight loss and abnormal neurological findings should warrant immediate evaluation as these may suggest serious infectious conditions, malignancy or fracture. This article presents a comprehensive review of the epidemiology, relevant anatomy, biomechanics, causes and major risk factors for adolescent low-back pain. A diagnostic algorithm utilizing a step-by-step approach is also introduced to aid the clinician in management of the patient. Finally, the article presents guidelines for management of the adolescent with low-back pain including conservative, pharmacologic, as well as the osteopathic approach to treatment. Evidence-based recommendations on osteopathic approach to treatment has been reviewed from meta-analysis data and randomized controlled trials.","PeriodicalId":53642,"journal":{"name":"Osteopathic Family Physician","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46424823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Multiple sclerosis: A comprehensive review for the osteopathic provider","authors":"Ethan Charles Blocher-Smith, Anthony Izokaitis","doi":"10.33181/13079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33181/13079","url":null,"abstract":"Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an uncommon neurological pathology frequently initially discovered by primary care providers in their workup of new focal neurological deficits. Many cases go undiagnosed for years despite multiple flares, with risk of cumulative disability. Early treatment is key to slowing or preventing the accumulation of this disability and maximizing function in the long term. This literature review covers all aspects of MS, including pathophysiology, diagnostic testing and differential diagnosis, disease classification, and disease-modifying agents for acute and chronic treatment. This study also summarizes support services, including osteopathic manipulative treatment, that help to maximize patient function and independence. While better therapeutics continue to emerge, significant limitations, side effects and continued progression—despite optimal therapy—result in progressive and irreversible loss of function for many patients. Heightened awareness of current progress in MS diagnosis criteria and initial testing amongst primary care providers can shorten the time to treatment and formal diagnosis, allowing patients to live their best lives despite their MS diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":53642,"journal":{"name":"Osteopathic Family Physician","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41954146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Leonid Skorin, Jr., DO, OD, MS, FAAO, FAOCO, Lucas J. Asfeld, Ragna Godtland
{"title":"Persistent red eye in a patient with IgA nephropathy","authors":"Leonid Skorin, Jr., DO, OD, MS, FAAO, FAOCO, Lucas J. Asfeld, Ragna Godtland","doi":"10.33181/13081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33181/13081","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53642,"journal":{"name":"Osteopathic Family Physician","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44230791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Raena M. Pettitt, Tharini M. Gara, Meghan E. Izak, Ethan R. Steele
{"title":"The impact of climate change on our patients’ health and the family physician’s role","authors":"Raena M. Pettitt, Tharini M. Gara, Meghan E. Izak, Ethan R. Steele","doi":"10.33181/13080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33181/13080","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change continues to have a detrimental effect on the overall health of people globally. The average yearly temperature has continually risen since the late 19th century and is projected to continue rising for decades ahead. Increased temperature has been linked to decreased sleep quality and increased heat strokes and pregnancy complications. Adverse effects on cardiopulmonary health have been linked to climate change. Air pollution is correlated to an increased risk of myocardial infarctions and aggravation of symptoms pertaining to asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder. Lengthening of the pollination season because of warmer weather due to climate change has led to an increase in allergy-related rhinitis and asthma. Temperature increases have caused a lengthening of the transmission season of infectious disease, especially vector and water-borne diseases. Infectious disease has begun to spread to new areas globally due to increased temperatures, rainfall and flooding attributed to climate change. The mental health impacts attributed to climate change, including depression and anxiety, are escalating. With increased floods and hurricanes, people of certain geographic areas can experience an increase in acute stress, which may lead to chronic post-traumatic stress disorder. Family physicians are at the forefront of advising patients on how to handle the health effects of climate change. In addition to climate change's impact on health, patients of lower socioeconomic status are more at risk because of lack of adequate resources and financial stability. Through detailed histories, family physicians have an opportunity to identify affected patients and intervene earlier.","PeriodicalId":53642,"journal":{"name":"Osteopathic Family Physician","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41923800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"2022 adult immunization schedule updates","authors":"Stanley E. Grogg, DO, FACOP, FAAP","doi":"10.33181/13077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33181/13077","url":null,"abstract":"Each year, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) releases the adult vaccine schedule. The 2022 adult vaccine schedule has several changes which will be discussed in the following manuscript. The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices reviews the preliminary schedules usually at their October or November meetings. The following professional societies also approve the adult schedules prior to the 2022 publications: American College of Physicians (ACP), American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP), American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), American College of Nurse-Midwives (ACNM), American Academy of Physician Assistants (AAPA) and the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA). Once the final draft is approved by the CDC, it is published in the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) and released to healthcare providers and the general public with a cover page, tables, notes and—new for the 2022 schedule—an appendix with contraindications and precautions for the different approved vaccines.","PeriodicalId":53642,"journal":{"name":"Osteopathic Family Physician","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46045360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carrie Downing-Larick, M. Moore, Mackenzie Dreher, Alexis M. Stoner, Natalie Fadel, Ning Cheng
{"title":"Osteopathic student training on preventing domestic violence","authors":"Carrie Downing-Larick, M. Moore, Mackenzie Dreher, Alexis M. Stoner, Natalie Fadel, Ning Cheng","doi":"10.33181/13071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33181/13071","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Domestic violence is a serious and preventable public health issue. Student Training on Preventing Domestic Violence (STOP-DV) is an extracurricular program that educates medical students on domestic violence. This study sought to determine if STOP-DV is an effective method to increase the knowledge of domestic violence among medical students. \u0000\u0000Methods: This study utilized a quasi-experimental research approach. Participants were recruited through a convenience sample of first- and second-year medical students from an osteopathic medical school with three campuses. The intervention group included the campus where STOP-DV was implemented and was then compared to the control group (the other two campuses) without the program. Intervention and control groups were given the same pre-survey and post-survey to assess for baseline knowledge, awareness, self-efficacy and health-seeking behaviors. Bivariate and multivariate statistical analysis of matched pre-surveys and post-surveys was completed during the 2018 and 2019 school year.\u0000\u0000Results: Medical students in the intervention group (n=100) showed a statistically significant increase in self-efficacy and in the ability to recognize domestic violence in patients (p<0.001) and to discuss domestic violence with patients (p=0.004) compared to the control group (n=47). Based upon general linear regression analysis, survey stage significantly contributed to participants self-efficacy and domestic violence knowledge in both cohorts. Additionally, intervention group significantly contributed to participants’ medical domestic violence knowledge. \u0000\u0000Conclusions: This study was successful in implementing a domestic violence program and increasing awareness in medical students. The ultimate goal is to encourage schools to utilize a similar program to understand how domestic violence affects patients and their communities.","PeriodicalId":53642,"journal":{"name":"Osteopathic Family Physician","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41921272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joshua Raven, Paige Lewis, Antoinette Justice, James B Crum, Danny Driskill
{"title":"The effects of OMT on progressive massive fibrosis: A brief report of an adjunctive therapy to improve respiratory function in Appalachian coal miners","authors":"Joshua Raven, Paige Lewis, Antoinette Justice, James B Crum, Danny Driskill","doi":"10.33181/13075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33181/13075","url":null,"abstract":"Recently in Central Appalachia, there has been a resurgence of the more complicated form of black lung disease known as progressive massive fibrosis (PMF). This brief report was aimed at determining the effects osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) could have to improve the lives of these individuals. This brief report involved a former Appalachian Coal Miner diagnosed with PMF. Over the course of a year, the patient was seen and treated with OMT. Though the patient reported improvement in his activities of daily living compared to previous, there was no significant data according to spirometry or quality of life metrics. This study illustrates that OMT has the potential to provide adjunctive treatment for patients with PMF. Limitations due to sample size and socioeconomic deficits of former Appalachian coal miners warrant further study.","PeriodicalId":53642,"journal":{"name":"Osteopathic Family Physician","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48677704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jason Cinti, Griffin Elbert, A. Lamb, Petros Frousiakis, S. Sweet
{"title":"Knee dislocations and multi-ligament knee injuries: A review","authors":"Jason Cinti, Griffin Elbert, A. Lamb, Petros Frousiakis, S. Sweet","doi":"10.33181/13073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33181/13073","url":null,"abstract":"Acute knee dislocations are a relatively rare type of injury that can lead to serious neurovascular compromise and ligament instability. These injuries can be potentially limb threatening if not properly identified and managed. The following review discusses the relevant anatomy of the knee joint and different classification systems of dislocations in order to highlight the complications that could occur. Timely evaluation and management, including reduction, is paramount to ensure stability and determine the need for additional imaging or urgent consultation. Knee dislocations are also associated with the unique presentation of a multi-ligament injury. This text provides an overview of multi-ligament knee injuries and the various surgical modalities currently being used. Finally, considerations are given on the role of the osteopathic approach in restoring function of the knee in the context of a dislocation.","PeriodicalId":53642,"journal":{"name":"Osteopathic Family Physician","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43016957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. H. Harrison, Leonid Skorin, Jr., DO, OD, MS, FAAO, FAOCO
{"title":"Glaucoma: A review for the family physician","authors":"E. H. Harrison, Leonid Skorin, Jr., DO, OD, MS, FAAO, FAOCO","doi":"10.33181/13063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33181/13063","url":null,"abstract":"Glaucoma is an insidious disease process that causes damage to the optic nerve head and retinal nerve fiber layer, resulting in progressive vision loss. Multiple factors play a role in its pathophysiology, but intraocular pressure is a significant yet modifiable risk factor and therefore is targeted by all current treatment modalities. Its high prevalence and potential for irreversible damage necessitate an understanding of the condition by primary care physicians, who will undoubtedly be managing conditions and medications that can influence glaucomatous progression. This article will explore the pathophysiologic basis of glaucoma, discuss some of the common subtypes and highlight important clinical considerations.","PeriodicalId":53642,"journal":{"name":"Osteopathic Family Physician","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45776454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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