Drinking Water Engineering and Science最新文献_第8页

Nanofiltration for water and wastewater treatment – a mini review 纳滤在水和废水处理中的应用综述

Drinking Water Engineering and Science Pub Date : 2013-06-05 DOI: 10.5194/dwes-6-47-2013

H. Shon, S. Phuntsho, D. Chaudhary, S. Vigneswaran, Jaeweon Cho

引用次数: 178

Present challenges for future water sustainable cities: a case study from Italy 未来水可持续城市面临的挑战:意大利的案例研究

Drinking Water Engineering and Science Pub Date : 2013-06-01 DOI: 10.5194/DWES-7-35-2014

L. Bonzanigo, G. Sinnona

{"title":"Present challenges for future water sustainable cities: a case study from Italy","authors":"L. Bonzanigo, G. Sinnona","doi":"10.5194/DWES-7-35-2014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/DWES-7-35-2014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The global population is increasingly concentrated in cities. Cities and urban areas face many challenges – economic, social, health and environmental – which are often exacerbated by an increase in the frequency of natural disasters. Together, these challenges call for a shift towards sustainable cities which reduce their impact on the surrounding environment, whilst at the same time succeeding to make resources available to their increasing number of inhabitants. This study explores the state of the art of water management practices of the highly urbanised Northern Italian region and plans and scope for the future development of water management. Although the region is at present not under severe water stress, recently some cities faced water scarcity problems and were forced to implement water rationing. We assessed the vulnerability of Parma and Ferrara to a water crisis, together with the regular and emergency adaptation measures already in place, and the forecast for the near future. In two workshops, the authors adapted the Australian concept of water sensitive urban design for the Italian context. Although the population remains generally unaware of the impact of the two latest severe drought events (2003 and 2006/7), many adaptation measures towards a more sustainable use of the water resource are already in place – technically, institutionally, and individually. Water managers consider however that the drastic and definite changes needed to integrate the urban water management cycle, and which minimise the ecological footprint of urban spaces, lay far in the future.","PeriodicalId":53581,"journal":{"name":"Drinking Water Engineering and Science","volume":"39 1","pages":"35-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71222149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Development and evaluation of new behavioral indexes for a biological early warning system using Daphnia magna 大水蚤生物预警系统新行为指标的研制与评价

Drinking Water Engineering and Science Pub Date : 2013-03-05 DOI: 10.5194/DWES-7-1-2014

T. Jeong, Jun-Hyuk Jeon, S. D. Kim

{"title":"Development and evaluation of new behavioral indexes for a biological early warning system using Daphnia magna","authors":"T. Jeong, Jun-Hyuk Jeon, S. D. Kim","doi":"10.5194/DWES-7-1-2014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/DWES-7-1-2014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. New behavioral indexes including combined index (CI), distribution index (DI), toxic index (TI), and altitude index (AI) for a biological early warning system (BEWS) were developed and evaluated using Daphnia magna in this study. The sensitivity and stability of each index were compared to evaluate the performance of the indexes through a real-time exposure test with a synthetic copper solution. The applicability of the CI to the field sample was evaluated through an effluent exposure test. The proportional relationship between toxicity level and magnitude of response was much lower in the effluent due to the complexity of water than in the copper solution. The results showed that the CI was most sensitive among the three indexes, while the DI was confirmed as the most useful index among the individual indexes. The combined index (CI) shows not only sensitivity but also stability in normal conditions below the statistically significant threshold (p 0.01). The CI improved performance of the BEWS in terms of sensitivity and stability, and it was confirmed as the higher correlation coefficient between the magnitude of the index and the toxicity level of the water sample.","PeriodicalId":53581,"journal":{"name":"Drinking Water Engineering and Science","volume":"208 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71221940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 14

Dynamic hydraulic models to study sedimentation in drinking water networks in detail 用动态水力模型详细研究饮用水管网中的泥沙淤积

Drinking Water Engineering and Science Pub Date : 2012-12-14 DOI: 10.5194/DWES-5-87-2012

I. Pothof, E. Blokker

{"title":"Dynamic hydraulic models to study sedimentation in drinking water networks in detail","authors":"I. Pothof, E. Blokker","doi":"10.5194/DWES-5-87-2012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/DWES-5-87-2012","url":null,"abstract":"Sedimentation in drinking water networks can lead to discolouration complaints. A sufficient criterion to prevent sedimentation in the Dutch drinking water networks is a daily maximum velocity of 0.25 m s?1. Flushing experiments have shown that this criterion is a sufficient condition for a clean network, but not a necessary condition. Drinking water networks include many locations with a maximum velocity well below 0.25 m s?1 without accumulated sediments. Other criteria need to be developed to predict which locations are susceptible to sedimentation and to prevent sedimentation in future networks. More distinctive criteria are helpful to prioritise flushing operations and to prevent water quality complaints. The authors use three different numerical modelling approaches – quasi-steady, rigid column and water hammer – with a temporal discretisation of 1 s in order to assess the influence of unsteady flows on the wall shear stress, causing resuspension of sediment particles. The model predictions are combined with results from flushing experiments in the drinking water distribution system of Purmerend, the Netherlands. The waterhammer model does not result in essentially different flow distribution patterns, compared to the rigid column and quasi-steady modelling approach. The extra information from the waterhammer model is a velocity oscillation of approximately 0.02 m s?1 around the quasi-steady solution. The presence of stagnation zones and multiple flow direction reversals seem to be interesting new parameters to predict sediment accumulation, which are consistent with the observed turbidity data and theoretical considerations on critical shear stresses.","PeriodicalId":53581,"journal":{"name":"Drinking Water Engineering and Science","volume":"5 1","pages":"87-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5194/DWES-5-87-2012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71220891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 15

Low-cost multi-stage filtration enhanced by coagulation-flocculation in upflow gravel filtration 上流式砾石过滤中混凝-絮凝强化低成本多级过滤

Drinking Water Engineering and Science Pub Date : 2012-12-07 DOI: 10.5194/DWES-5-73-2012

L. D. Sánchez, L. M. Marin, J. Visscher, L. Rietveld

{"title":"Low-cost multi-stage filtration enhanced by coagulation-flocculation in upflow gravel filtration","authors":"L. D. Sánchez, L. M. Marin, J. Visscher, L. Rietveld","doi":"10.5194/DWES-5-73-2012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/DWES-5-73-2012","url":null,"abstract":"This paper assesses the operational and design aspects of coagulation and flocculation in upflow gravel filters (CF-UGF) in a multi-stage filtration (MSF) plant. This study shows that CF-UGF units improve the performance of MSF considerably, when the system operates with turbidity above 30 NTU. It strongly reduces the load of particulate material before the water enters in the slow sand filters (SSF) and therewith avoids short filter runs and prevents early interruption in SSF operations. The removal efficiency of turbidity in the CF-UGF with coagulant was between 85 and 96%, whereas the average efficiency without coagulant dosing was 46% (range: 21–76%). Operating with coagulant also improves the removal efficiency for total coliforms, E-coli and HPC. No reduction was observed in the microbial activity of the SSF, no obstruction of the SSF bed was demonstrated and SSF runs were maintained between 50 and 70 days for a maximum head loss of 0.70 m. The most important advantage is the flexibility of the system to operate with and without coagulant according to the influent turbidity. It was only necessary for 20% of the time to operate with the coagulant. The CF-UGF unit represented 7% of total construction costs and the O&M cost for the use of coagulant represented only 0.3%.","PeriodicalId":53581,"journal":{"name":"Drinking Water Engineering and Science","volume":"5 1","pages":"73-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5194/DWES-5-73-2012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71221229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 15

Abnormal quality detection and isolation in water distribution networks using simulation models 基于仿真模型的配水管网异常质量检测与隔离

Drinking Water Engineering and Science Pub Date : 2012-11-16 DOI: 10.5194/DWES-5-67-2012

F. Nejjari, R. Pérez, V. Puig, J. Quevedo, R. Sarrate, M. Cugueró, G. Sanz, J. M. Mirats

引用次数: 1

Leakages and pressure relation: an experimental research 泄漏与压力关系的实验研究

Drinking Water Engineering and Science Pub Date : 2012-11-05 DOI: 10.5194/DWES-5-59-2012

F. Paola, M. Giugni

引用次数: 29

Application of DVC-FISH method in tracking Escherichia coli in drinking water distribution networks DVC-FISH方法在饮用水配网大肠杆菌追踪中的应用

Drinking Water Engineering and Science Pub Date : 2012-09-26 DOI: 10.5194/DWES-6-25-2013

L. Mezule, S. Larsson, T. Juhna

{"title":"Application of DVC-FISH method in tracking Escherichia coli in drinking water distribution networks","authors":"L. Mezule, S. Larsson, T. Juhna","doi":"10.5194/DWES-6-25-2013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/DWES-6-25-2013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Sporadic detection of live (viable) Escherichia coli in drinking water and biofilm with molecular methods but not with standard plate counts has raised concerns about the reliability of this indicator in the surveillance of drinking water safety. The aim of this study was to determine spatial distribution of different viability forms of E. coli in a drinking water distribution system which complies with European Drinking Water Directive (98/83/EC). For two years coupons (two week old) and pre-concentrated (100 times with ultrafilters) water samples were collected after treatment plants and from four sites in the distribution network at several distances. The samples were analyzed for total, viable (able to divide as DVC-FISH positive) and cultivable E. coli. The results showed that low numbers of E. coli enters the distribution sytem from the treatment plants and tend to accumulate in the biofilm of water distribution system. Almost all of the samples contained metabolically active E. coli in the range of 1 to 50 cells per litre or cm2 which represented approximately 53% of all E. coli detected. The amount of viable E. coli significantly increased into the network irrespective of the season. The study has shown that DVC-FISH method in combination with water pre-concentration and biofilm sampling allows to better understand the behaviour of E. coli in water distribution networks, thus, it provides new evidences for water safety control.","PeriodicalId":53581,"journal":{"name":"Drinking Water Engineering and Science","volume":"97 1","pages":"25-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71221742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

Fluoride in the drinking water of Pakistan and the possible risk of crippling fluorosis 巴基斯坦饮用水中的氟化物和致残性氟中毒的可能风险

Drinking Water Engineering and Science Pub Date : 2012-09-07 DOI: 10.5194/DWES-6-17-2013

M. A. Tahir, H. Rasheed

{"title":"Fluoride in the drinking water of Pakistan and the possible risk of crippling fluorosis","authors":"M. A. Tahir, H. Rasheed","doi":"10.5194/DWES-6-17-2013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/DWES-6-17-2013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. To explore the possibility of fluoride toxicity, 747 water samples were collected from surface water and groundwater sources of 16 major cities of Pakistan, adopting a uniform sampling design with distribution of samples: Lahore (79), Kasur (46), Faisalabad (30), Khushab (50), Chakwal (51), Mianwali (30), Jhelum (53), Bahawalpur (60), Karachi (60), Mirpur Khas (55), Peshawar (38), Risalpur (35), Quetta (81), Ziarat (21), Loralai (21), and Mastung (37). Comparison of analytical findings with WHO Guidelines of Drinking Water for Fluoride (i.e., 1.5 ppm) has concluded that 16% of the monitored water sources have fluoride concentration beyond the permissible safe limit of 1.5 mg L−1 falling in the concentration range of 1.6–25 mg L−1. The highest fluoride contamination (22%) is detected in the Balochistan province followed by 19% in Punjab province. Comparatively higher fluoride levels of > 20% in the groundwater sources like hand pumps supported the possibility of increased groundwater contamination as excessive fluoride concentrations are expected to come from calcium-poor aquifers and in areas where fluoride-bearing minerals are common or where cation exchange of sodium for calcium occurs. Field observations have also indicated the prevalence of fluoride-associated health implications in the study areas with excessive fluoride in water sources. Findings of this study have provided bidirectional vision for the epidemiological investigations as well as to mitigate the issues in the affected vicinities of fluoride-rich areas.","PeriodicalId":53581,"journal":{"name":"Drinking Water Engineering and Science","volume":"490 1","pages":"17-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71221257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 51

Numerical and experimental investigation of leaks in viscoelastic pressurized pipe flow 粘弹性加压管道流动泄漏的数值与实验研究

Drinking Water Engineering and Science Pub Date : 2012-09-03 DOI: 10.5194/DWES-6-11-2013

S. Meniconi, B. Brunone, M. Ferrante, C. Massari

引用次数: 28