Archives of Transport最新文献

{"title":"Analysis of the precision of determination of aircraft coordinates using EGNOS+SDCM solution","authors":"K. Krasuski, Marta Lalak, P. Gołda, A. Ciećko, G. Grunwald, M. Mrozik, J. Kozuba","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0053.7264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0053.7264","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an algorithm for determining the precision parameter for aircraft position coordinates based on a combined GPS/EGNOS and GPS/SDCM solution. The proposed algorithm uses a weighted average model that com-bines a single GPS/EGNOS and GPS/SDCM position navigation solution to determine the resulting aircraft coordi-nates. The weighted mean model include the linear coefficients as a function of: the inverse of the number of tracked GPS satellites for which EGNOS and SDCM corrections have been generated, and the inverse of the geometric coeffi-cient of the PDOP (Position Dilution of Precision). The corrections between the single GPS/EGNOS and GPS/SDCM solution to the aircraft's resultant coordinates are then calculated on this basis. Finally, the standard deviation for the aircraft resultant BLh (B-Latitude, L-Longitude, h- ellipsoidal height) coordinates is calculated as a measure of preci-sion. The research experiment used recorded on-board GPS+SBAS data from two GNSS receivers mounted on a Dia-mond DA 20-C1 aircraft. The test flight was carried out on the Olsztyn-Suwaki-Olsztyn route. The calculations of aircraft position based on GPS/EGNOS and GPS/SDCM solution were performed in the RTKLIB v.2.4.3 program in the RTKPOST module. Next, aircraft resultant coordinates and standard deviations were computed in Scilab v.6.0.0 soft-ware package. Based on the tests performed, it was found that for the Trimble Alloy receiver, the standard deviation values for the ellipsoidal coordinates BLh of the aircraft do not exceed 1.77 m. However, for the Septentrio AsterRx2i receiver, the values of standard deviations for the aircraft's ellipsoidal BLh coordinates do not exceed 5.04 m. The use of linear coefficients as the inverse of the number of tracked GPS satellites with SBAS corrections in the GPS/EGNOS+GPS/SDCM positioning model resulted in a reduction in standard deviations of approximately 50-51% relative to the solution with linear coefficients calculated as the inverse of the PDOP parameter. In paper, the standard deviation was also obtained using arithmetic mean model. However the values of standard deviation from weighted mean model are lower than arithmetic mean model.","PeriodicalId":53541,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Transport","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41549414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on path optimization for multimodal transportation of hazardous materials under uncertain demand","authors":"Wei Han, Huo Chai, Jianpeng Zhang, Yuanping Li","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0053.7259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0053.7259","url":null,"abstract":"In the process of long-distance and large-volume transportation of hazardous materials (HAZMAT), multimodal trans-portation plays a crucial role with its unique advantages. In order to effectively reduce the transportation risk and improve the reliability of transportation, it is particularly important to choose a suitable transportation plan for multimodal transport of HAZMAT. In this paper, we study the transportation of HAZMAT in multimodal transport networks. Considering the fluctuation in demand for HAZMAT during the actual transportation process, it is difficult for decision makers to obtain the accurate demand for HAZMAT orders in advance, leading to uncertainty in the final transportation plan. Therefore, in this paper, the uncertain demand of HAZMAT is set as a triangular fuzzy random number, and a multi-objective mixed integer linear programming model is established with the objective of minimizing the total risk exposure population and the total cost in the transportation process of HAZMAT. In order to facilitate the solution of the model, we combined the fuzzy random expected value method with the fuzzy random chance constraint method based on credibility measures to reconstruct the uncertain model clearly and equivalently, and designed a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-) to obtain the Pareto boundary of the multi-objective optimization problem. Finally, we conducted a numerical example experiment to verify the rationality of the model proposed in this paper. The experimental results indicate that uncertain demand can affect the path decision-making of multimodal transportation of HAZMAT. In addition, the confidence level of fuzzy random opportunity constraints will have an impact on the risk and economic objectives of optimizing the multimodal transportation path of HAZMAT. When the confidence level is higher than 0.7, it will lead to a significant increase in transportation risks and costs. Through sensitivity analysis, it can provide useful decision-making references for relevant departments to formulate HAZMAT transportation plans.","PeriodicalId":53541,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Transport","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43332861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"System of automatic generation of ship maneuver documentation","authors":"Piotr Zwolan, S. Świerczyński, K. Czaplewski, A. Weintrit, Emilia Figlarz","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0053.7073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0053.7073","url":null,"abstract":"According to the definition in the resolution International Maritime Organization no A.860 (IMO 1997) navigation is the process of planning, recording, and controlling the movement of a craft from one place to another. When navi-gating in special conditions, for example, when approaching a port or in restricted areas, it is immensely important to know the vessel's maneuverability. Therefore, identifiable information must be available on each vessel. Each watch officer is required to have the necessary knowledge of both the equipment and maneuverability of his own vessel. The description and scope of the documentation containing this data are provided in IMO Resolution A.601 (IMO, 1987). The maneuver documents that must be available on the navigation bridge are Pilot Card and Wheelhouse Poster also Maneuvering Booklet. The timeliness of the data contained in the maneuver documentation significantly influences the safety of navigation. At present, the maneuver documentation is not created in an automated manner. Automation of registration and data processing process will increase the knowledge of the behavior of the own vessel. In addition, it allows to obtain maneuvering data that exceeds the parameters necessary to prepare ship documentation. Especially research carried out in various hydrometeorological conditions, enabling the assessment of the movement of the ship on the waves. These data can be used to carry out research projects related to the subject of vessel behavior analysis. That is why the authors have made an attempt to automate the registration and processing of data necessary to create documents and their continuous generation in electronic form. In this article the authors present a proprietary comput-er application that enables the achievement of the assumed goals along with checking the applications functionality on a selected type of a vessel. The correct operation of the system has been verified based on real study and simulation tests.","PeriodicalId":53541,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Transport","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47822251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The cellular traffic capacity model of toll station square","authors":"Yuning Bai, Kaixuan Wang, Lei Yi, Bo Peng","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0053.7075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0053.7075","url":null,"abstract":"Traffic capacity is an important index to measure the operation efficiency of expressway toll stations. In order to pro-vide relevant theoretical support for accurately evaluating the congestion degree and service level of toll stations, this paper establishes a traffic capacity calculation model for the square in front of expressway toll stations based on the traditional cellular transmission method. Firstly, by dividing the square in front of the station into regular cells, the process of calculating the traffic capacity is simplified; Secondly, the capacity model of the square in front of the station is established based on cellular transmission, and a large amount of data is collected through the monitoring videos of several toll stations. The theoretical capacity of the square in front of the station is calculated by using the important parameters of the model calibrated by the measured data under different lengths of the square in front of the station and the configuration of toll lanes. Then, the simulation platform of VISSIM software is used, and many experi-ments are carried out with relevant measured data to verify the accuracy of the model in multiple scenarios. Finally, the simulation value of the capacity of the square in front of the station is obtained, and the error is calculated by using the simulation value and the calculation value. The results show that the error of the verification result is 5.19%, and the error is within the allowable range, which shows that the model is accurate and feasible. The theoretical capacity calculated by the capacity model of the square in front of the toll station established in this paper is com-pared with the actual capacity, which can be used as a standard to judge the congestion degree of the square in front of the toll station and further provide a theoretical reference for evacuation of congestion.","PeriodicalId":53541,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Transport","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42602199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of logistics performance index on port infrastructure quality: comparative study Tunisia Morocco","authors":"Rihab Ben Haj Ahmed, Aida Bouzir, Mohamed Hédi Benhadj Mbarek, Saloua Benammou","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0053.7212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0053.7212","url":null,"abstract":"This scientific article examines the relationship between logistics performance indices and port infrastructure quality in Tunisia and Morocco. The quality of port infrastructure (QPI) is an important component of the competitiveness port. It represents a driving force for the economic dynamics. This quality of port infrastructure is a complex subject on which a great deal of research has emerged in the last decade. The logistics performance index (LPI) serves as a crucial indicator to assess the efficiency and effectiveness of a country's logistics system. Accordingly, this paper aims to develop a model for assessing the quality of port infrastructure. The objective is to evaluate the development of port infrastructure to improve the competitiveness of port systems in two North African countries according to nine competi-tiveness criteria. The analysis involves statistical techniques such as regression modeling to establish relationships. The partial least squares (PLS) regression method is adopted to obtain a reliable estimate, using nine explanatory variables :(performance indicators) (overall, the frequency with which shipments reach their recipient within the set deadlines, The efficiency of customs clearance process, ease of arranging competitively priced shipments, Lead time to import, Lead time to export, competence and quality of logistics services, Liner Shipping Connectivity Index, Container port traffic) and quality of the port infrastructure (QPI) as dependent variable. The results of the analysis highlight the influence of logistics performance indices on port infrastructure quality in Tunisia and Morocco. The results of the test the model using the partial least squares, confirm a significant influence of the identified factors on the quality of port infrastructure. It found show that it is vital to improve logistics performance, which contributes to improving the quali-ty of port infrastructure and increasing maritime trade; which promotes economic growth. Based on the results con-cerning the importance of port infrastructures, the quality of the latter is empirically examined. Our results show that Morocco tends to improve the quality of its infrastructure in order to improve its competitiveness. The originality of this research work consists in using the PLS (the partial least squares) regression method, which is contrary to previous studies, which have used other econometric methods in the same study field.","PeriodicalId":53541,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Transport","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48690423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Driver training challenges, barriers and needs arising from ADAS development","authors":"Aleksandra Rodak, Małgorzata Pełka","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0053.7074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0053.7074","url":null,"abstract":"Year to year, vehicles are becoming more advanced, and manufacturers offer newer support systems. Progressive tech-nology development must be followed by relevant sociological changes, including establishing a proper user aware-ness level. Even though compulsory driver training, required before obtaining a license, consists of selected support features, e.g. ABS (Anti-lock Braking System), it does not provide novice drivers with the necessary practical skills and knowledge of all automation features available on the market. To reduce the human error factor, the European Parlia-ment adopted new regulations, including minimum safety requirements for new vehicles. This paper identifies the gap between the current approach toward teaching automation and necessary changes that should be made to ensure road safety. It provides an overview of ADAS functions allowed to be used during driving license exam of category B in different European countries.Moreover, the publication contains results of work carried out under the Trustonomy project. Outcomes obtained from the questionnaires were used to develop new driver training curricula. The publication discusses the developments of a survey conducted among 83 Polish drivers and 91 car fleet managers. The paper reveals their attitude and expectations towards driver training. The results indicate that despite the awareness of ADASs positive impact on safety (80% of drivers vote, 96% of car fleet managers votes), many people still didnt take part in any training and still do not know how to use systems properly. Even more worrying is the fact that more than 50% of drivers admitted they acquired knowledge about system operation based on their own mistakes. Many responders expressed their interest in acquiring new knowledge. This situation indicates an urgent need to introduce changes to the driver training system. Therefore, the publication highlights different regulatory boundaries across Europe and stresses the need to update existing curricula to introduce proper automation-related training.","PeriodicalId":53541,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Transport","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42518894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of dynamic parameters of a tram wheel parts in a numerical and experimental modal analysis","authors":"Julia Milewicz, Krzysztof Kołodziejczak, T. Nowakowski, Grzegorz M. Szymański","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0053.7357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0053.7357","url":null,"abstract":"The analysis of dynamic parameters finds effective application in processes related to the assessment of the technical condition of machines. Mass transport vehicles are particularly sensitive to maintaining an appropriate level of traffic safety through relevant design and diagnostics. The combination of numerical and experimental methods increases the efficiency of modal properties investigations, which can be used as diagnostic parameters. During the research, the authors performed a numerical model of a system composed of a rim and an inner disc of a wheel fitted in a Konstal 105Na tram, widely used in many polish cities and frequently subjected to repair and renovation processes. The Time Response analysis in SOLIDWORKS (also called Modal Time History) was then conducted, resulting in obtaining information about object vibration response in time domain to the impulsive excitation at given points. These signals were then processed in MATLAB aiming at determining the frequencies of natural vibration and damping ratios. The processing parameters in MATLAB were corresponding to the analysis settings of the experimental measurement, carried out within the BK Connect environment, with an impact modal hammer and piezoelectric transducers. When analyzing the experimental measurements, the authors applied Fast Fourier Transformation, Frequency Response Function and Complex Mode Indicator Function (the theoretical basis of which and practical sense of application were also presented in the paper). Finally, the results of the experiment were compared with simulation outcomes. This comparison allowed the obtainment of frequency characteristics of the vibration response to the impact and the deter-mination of the dynamic parameters of the actual object. Six frequencies of natural vibrations were determined in the frequency range of 0 to 3000 Hz, as well as their damping ratios and autocorrelation indicators between modes. Similarities and potential sources of differences between the numerical and the experimental results were identified and explained, followed by conclusions on the practical application of the presented research methodology in the industry.","PeriodicalId":53541,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Transport","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44957980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transport carbon emissions reduction efficiency and economic growth: a perspective from nighttime lights remote sensing","authors":"Yuxiang Yan, Jianing Li","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0016.3125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.3125","url":null,"abstract":"The carbon emissions are essential for climate change and 26% of the world's carbon emissions are related to transport. But focusing only on fewer carbon emissions might be biased at times. In order to keep a balance be-tween economic growth and carbon emissions reduction, this paper evaluated the performance of carbon control by considering the input factors and output factors together, which is more comprehensive and reliable. Firstly, this paper has calculated the transport carbon emissions reduction efficiency (TCERE) based on the model of super SBM with undesirable outputs. The input factors include capital stock, labor force and fossil energy con-sumption. And the output factors include gross domestic product and carbon dioxide emissions. Then the influenc-ing factors of TCERE were analyzed using econometric models. The economic growth, transport structure, tech-nology level and population density were posited as influencing factors. This paper creatively proposed the per capita nighttime lights brightness as a new indicator for economic growth. An empirical study was conducted in East China from 2013 to 2017, and this study has found that the relationship between TCERE and economic growth shows an U-shape. Besides, transport structure and technology level both show a positive impact on TCERE. The implications of our findings are that: (a) The TCERE declines slower in East China, giving us reason to believe that the improvement of TCERE is predictable; (b) When economic growth exceeds the turning point, economic growth is conducive to the improvement of TCERE. We could develop the economy boldly and confident-ly; (c) Increased investment in railway and waterway transportation infrastructure projects is needed to strengthen the structure of the railway and waterway transportation systems. Furthermore, the general public and businesses should be encouraged to prefer rail or river transportation; (d) Investment in scientific and technological innova-tion should be enhanced in order to produce more efficient energy-use methods.","PeriodicalId":53541,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Transport","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47699967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TOD mode: study on land planning and land use optimization for urban rail transit station area","authors":"Hongtian Shen, Guimin Ma","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0016.3126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.3126","url":null,"abstract":"The rational planning of land around rail transit stations in cities can effectively improve the convenience of transportation and economic development of cities. This paper briefly introduced the transit-oriented development (TOD) mode of urban planning. We constructed a hierarchical structure for evaluating the quality of land plan-ning of urban rail transit stations through the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method. The structure started from three large aspects, i.e., traffic volume, regional environmental quality, and regional economic efficiency, and every large aspect was divided into three small aspects. Then, an optimization model was established for land planning of rail transit stations. The land planning scheme was optimized by a genetic algorithm (GA). To enhance the optimization performance of the GA, it was improved by coevolution, i.e., plural populations iterated inde-pendently, and every population replaced the poor chromosomes in the other populations with its excellent chro-mosomes in the previous process. Finally, the Jinzhonghe street station in Hebei District, Tianjin city, was taken as a subject for analysis. The results suggested that the improved GA obtained a set of non-inferior Pareto solutions when solving a multi-objective optimization problem. The distribution of solutions in the set also indicated that any two objectives among traffic volume, environmental quality, and economic efficiency was improved at the cost of the remaining objectives. The land planning schemes optimized by the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algo-rithm, the traditional GA, and the improved GA, respectively, were superior than the initial scheme, and the opti-mized scheme of the improved GA was more in line with the characteristics of the TOD mode than the traditional one and the PSO algorithm, and the fitness value was also higher. In conclusion, the GA can be used to optimize the planning design of land in rail transit areas under the TOD mode, and the optimization performance of the GA can be improved by means of coevolution.","PeriodicalId":53541,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Transport","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45830818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transmission system model in the track-vehicle relationship based on Long Term Evolution technology","authors":"M. Chrzan, Paweł Pirosz, J. Paś","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0016.3237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.3237","url":null,"abstract":"Because of degradations of the wired infrastructure connecting the element of railroad control systems, and related primarily to their destruction, the use of the radio transmission medium for independent management of rail-road traffic control devices is increasingly being considered. An undoubted problem in implying such solutions is the security of transmission in such systems. It should be noted that security at a certain level of transmission is currently already offered by the radio transmission systems themselves, which has also been used in the GSM-R standard. The creation of a separate dedicated system for railroads involves huge expenditures for the design, testing, certification and, finally, construction and implementation of such technology. Therefore, in the opinion of the author of this dissertation, it is possible to use public open radio networks for the needs of railroads, which significantly reduces costs, since such a system is based on existing infrastructure. It is necessary to develop a way of transmitting information that meets the requirements of secure transmission in the sense of railroad traffic control systems. The task is to develop a general model for open radio transmission in traffic control systems based on the latest public radio standard, which is LTE, 5G or Future Railway Mobile Communications System (FRMCS). The article will present the concept of data transmission in the track vehicle relationship with the use of LTE (Long Term Evolution) technology. It will show the concept of transmission based on the PN-EN50159:2011 standard and the results of the tests conducted during control trips on the railway route. The main element that will be subject to the research will include the transmission safety and its delay. The impact of a type of transmission encryption on its delay will be estimated with the assumed blocks of data sent during the transmission. A probability distribution and density functions of the transmission delay probability distribution with the message sizes in the range from 16B to 10 kB with four ways of the signal encoding according to the PN-EN50159:2011 standard will be also analysed.","PeriodicalId":53541,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Transport","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48738712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}