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Electron Interaction-Enhanced Photocatalytic Degradation of Tetracycline over Fe/UIO-66 电子相互作用增强Fe/UIO-66光催化降解四环素
Chemistry-Switzerland Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.3390/chemistry7060197
Junjie Xu, Bingyan Wang, Yuhao Wang, Jinyu Yang, Changxin Li
{"title":"Electron Interaction-Enhanced Photocatalytic Degradation of Tetracycline over Fe/UIO-66","authors":"Junjie Xu, Bingyan Wang, Yuhao Wang, Jinyu Yang, Changxin Li","doi":"10.3390/chemistry7060197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/chemistry7060197","url":null,"abstract":"The excessive use of tetracycline (TC) poses a severe threat to the health of humans and ecosystems. Environmentally friendly photocatalytic technology can be effectively used to degrade TC. In this study, an Fe-modified UIO-66 (Fe/UIO-66) catalyst was prepared via a solvothermal method. The structural and optical properties were investigated to elucidate how the electronic interaction between Fe and UIO-66 influenced the light absorption capacity of Fe/UIO-66. A xenon lamp was used to simulate sunlight, and TC was taken as the target pollutant. The results of photocatalytic experiments showed that the degradation efficiency of Fe/UIO-66 for TC reached 80% within 120 min, superior to that of UIO-66. In addition, the experiment also investigated the influence of inorganic salt ions on the catalytic performance, proving that Fe/UIO-66 could be applied for the efficient removal of TC in complex water bodies.","PeriodicalId":53216,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry-Switzerland","volume":"7 6","pages":"197-197"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2624-8549/7/6/197/pdf?version=1765446621","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147333863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Selective Adsorption of Vanadyl Porphyrin on Solid Adsorbent in the Presence of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon: Kinetics, Equilibrium, and Thermodynamic Studies 多环芳烃存在下钒基卟啉在固体吸附剂上的选择性吸附:动力学、平衡和热力学研究
Chemistry-Switzerland Pub Date : 2025-12-04 DOI: 10.3390/chemistry7060195
Xiu Chen, Chen Huang, Haidong Li, Suoqi Zhao, Linzhou Zhang
{"title":"Selective Adsorption of Vanadyl Porphyrin on Solid Adsorbent in the Presence of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon: Kinetics, Equilibrium, and Thermodynamic Studies","authors":"Xiu Chen, Chen Huang, Haidong Li, Suoqi Zhao, Linzhou Zhang","doi":"10.3390/chemistry7060195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/chemistry7060195","url":null,"abstract":"The presence of vanadium compounds in heavy oils poses a significant challenge by poisoning and deactivating refining catalysts, making their removal an essential processing step. However, this process is challenged by the competitive adsorption of abundant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in heavy oils, due to the similar conjugated π-electron structure of PAHs and vanadyl porphyrins. In the presented study, the adsorption behaviors of vanadyl octaethylporphyrin (VOOEP) and 1-methylpyrene (1-MP) on various solid adsorbents were investigated. Among the adsorbents studied, the primary secondary amine adsorbent (PSA) demonstrated superior performance, achieving high VOOEP adsorption capacity and exceptional selectivity, even in the presence of a large excess of 1-MP. The adsorption kinetics, isotherms, and thermodynamics of VOOEP and 1-MP onto PSA were studied. Four common kinetic models (pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, Elovich, and intraparticle diffusion) were used for data fitting. The adsorption isotherms were modeled using Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) isotherms. The adsorption kinetics for both VOOEP and 1-MP on PSA were best described by the pseudo-second-order model, while equilibrium data were well fitted by the Freundlich isotherm. Thermodynamic analysis confirmed that the adsorption of VOOEP and 1-MP on PSA is a spontaneous and exothermic process. The practical applicability of PSA was confirmed with a heavy deasphalted oil (HDAO), where it efficiently removed vanadium with high selectivity, with lower co-adsorption of desirable oil components. The results indicate that PSA is a promising adsorbent for effectively removing vanadium compounds from heavy oils.","PeriodicalId":53216,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry-Switzerland","volume":"7 6","pages":"195-195"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2624-8549/7/6/195/pdf?version=1764853893","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147332674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Influence of π-Conjugated Backbone Length and Tail Chain Number on Self-Assembly Structures of 4,6-Diamino-1,3,5-triazine Derivatives Revealed by STM STM研究π共轭主链长度和尾链数对4,6-二氨基-1,3,5-三嗪衍生物自组装结构的影响
Chemistry-Switzerland Pub Date : 2025-10-27 DOI: 10.3390/chemistry7060173
Yi Wang, F. Wang, Xiaoyang Zhao, Zhipeng Zhang, Yi Huang, Huajun Zheng, Xiaohong Cheng, Xinrui Miao
{"title":"Influence of π-Conjugated Backbone Length and Tail Chain Number on Self-Assembly Structures of 4,6-Diamino-1,3,5-triazine Derivatives Revealed by STM","authors":"Yi Wang, F. Wang, Xiaoyang Zhao, Zhipeng Zhang, Yi Huang, Huajun Zheng, Xiaohong Cheng, Xinrui Miao","doi":"10.3390/chemistry7060173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/chemistry7060173","url":null,"abstract":"4,6-Diamino-1,3,5-triazine (DT) derivatives typically exhibit excellent liquid crystal properties, attracting numerous researchers interested in enhancing their performance. In this paper, two DT molecules (DT−10 and DT−12) are employed to elucidate the effects of their backbone length and number of branches in the tail chains on self-assembled nanostructures using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) at the 1-octanoic acid/highly ordered pyrolytic graphite interface, compared to our previous report (2TDT−n, n = 10,12,16,18). DT−10 features a short backbone and a trialkoxy chain tail, whereas DT−12 possesses a long backbone and bifurcated chain tails. STM results reveal that DT−10 assembles into a cross-shaped nanostructure with DT head groups arranged in a head-to-head configuration stabilized by a pair of N–H···N hydrogen bindings (HBs). In contrast, DT−12 assembles into a two-row linear pattern, where DT head groups exhibit a side-by-side arrangement mediated by a pair of N–H···N HBs. Comparison with our previous findings indicates that although variations in backbone length and tail chain branching can modulate the nanostructural features of DT derivatives, the chain length of DT molecules emerges as a pivotal factor governing their assembly architecture.","PeriodicalId":53216,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry-Switzerland","volume":"7 6","pages":"173-173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2624-8549/7/6/173/pdf?version=1761571282","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147881309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Alkali-Melting-Induced g-C3N4 Nitrogen Defect Construction and Band Structure Regulation: Efficient Photocatalytic Dye Degradation and Solar-Driven Applications 碱熔融诱导的g-C3N4氮缺陷构建和能带结构调节:高效光催化染料降解和太阳能驱动应用
Chemistry-Switzerland Pub Date : 2025-10-14 DOI: 10.3390/chemistry7050168
Hongwei Pang, Liu Guangyao, Xinming Wang, Shuhe Liu, Juan Wang, Jinxian Cui, Jie Zhou, Ziyan Zhou
{"title":"Alkali-Melting-Induced g-C3N4 Nitrogen Defect Construction and Band Structure Regulation: Efficient Photocatalytic Dye Degradation and Solar-Driven Applications","authors":"Hongwei Pang, Liu Guangyao, Xinming Wang, Shuhe Liu, Juan Wang, Jinxian Cui, Jie Zhou, Ziyan Zhou","doi":"10.3390/chemistry7050168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/chemistry7050168","url":null,"abstract":"Photocatalytic oxidation technology harnesses solar energy for pollutant mineralization, presenting significant potential for environmental applications. A critical bottleneck remains the development of high-performance photocatalysts. This study centers on the non-metallic semiconductor material graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4). To overcome the inherent limitations of pristine g-C3N4, including limited surface area, rapid charge carrier recombination, and inadequate active sites, it implements surface engineering strategies employing acidic (H2SO4) or basic (K2CO3) agents to modulate microstructure, introduce defect sites (cyano/amino groups), and optimize bandgap engineering. These modifications synergistically enhanced photogenerated charge carrier separation efficiency and surface reactivity, leading to efficient dye degradation. Notably, the K2CO3-modified catalyst (g-C3N4-OH), synthesized with a mass ratio of m(g-C3N4):m(K2CO3) = 1:1, achieved 92.2% Rhodamine B degradation within 50 min under visible light, surpassing pristine g-C3N4 (20.6%), the optimized H2SO4-modified sample (g-C3N4-HS, 60.9%), and even template-synthesized g-C3N4-SBA (79.6%). The g-C3N4-OH catalyst demonstrated exceptional performance under both visible light and natural solar illumination. Combining facile synthesis, cost-effectiveness, superior activity, and robust stability, this work provides a novel approach for developing high-efficiency non-metallic photocatalysts applicable to dye wastewater.","PeriodicalId":53216,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry-Switzerland","volume":"7 5","pages":"168-168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2624-8549/7/5/168/pdf?version=1760437347","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147914100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
One-Pot Synthesis of Thiochromen-4-ones from 3-(Arylthio)propanoic Acids. 3-(芳基硫)丙酸一锅法合成硫代色素-4- 1。
IF 2.6
Chemistry-Switzerland Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-06 DOI: 10.3390/chemistry7050163
Kahlia S Simpkins, Maggie Y Guo, Toniyah D Smith, Holden A Hankerson, Fenghai Guo
{"title":"One-Pot Synthesis of Thiochromen-4-ones from 3-(Arylthio)propanoic Acids.","authors":"Kahlia S Simpkins, Maggie Y Guo, Toniyah D Smith, Holden A Hankerson, Fenghai Guo","doi":"10.3390/chemistry7050163","DOIUrl":"10.3390/chemistry7050163","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Thiochromen-4-ones are known to possess useful optical properties and rich bioactivities, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties. They are known to inhibit tumor cell growth, induce apoptosis, and have antiplatelet aggregation effects. Thiochromen-4-ones are also used as synthons and precursors in organic synthesis for bioactive agents. Although many synthetic approaches to oxygen-containing counterparts, chromones, have been reported, research on the synthesis of thiochromen-4-ones is scarce. The synthesis of thiochromen-4-ones can be challenging due to the inherent nature of sulfur, including its multiple oxidation states and tendency to form diverse bonding patterns. Here, we report the one-pot synthesis of thiochromen-4-ones, where two transformations of the starting material, 3-(arylthio)propanoic acid, are performed within a single reaction vessel, eliminating the need for an intermediate purification step. This one-pot reaction worked well with a variety of substrates with both electron-withdrawing and donating groups on the aromatic ring of 3-(arylthio)propanoic acids to give thiochromen-4-ones with good yields (up to 81%). This approach offers advantages like time and cost savings, increased efficiency, and reduced waste. This synthetic approach will allow access to a broader scope of thiochromen-4-ones due to the readily available thiophenols.</p>","PeriodicalId":53216,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry-Switzerland","volume":"7 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12700290/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145758349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Highly Active and Water-Resistant Mn-Loaded MgAlOx Catalysts for NH3-SCR at Low Temperature 低温NH3-SCR用高活性耐水负载mn - MgAlOx催化剂
Chemistry-Switzerland Pub Date : 2025-09-23 DOI: 10.3390/chemistry7050154
Ruolan Jiang, Ben Wang, Wei Liu, Jian Zhang, Liguo Wang, Zhongpeng Wang
{"title":"Highly Active and Water-Resistant Mn-Loaded MgAlOx Catalysts for NH3-SCR at Low Temperature","authors":"Ruolan Jiang, Ben Wang, Wei Liu, Jian Zhang, Liguo Wang, Zhongpeng Wang","doi":"10.3390/chemistry7050154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/chemistry7050154","url":null,"abstract":"Advancing catalysts for low-temperature NH3-SCR enhances their viability as a terminal flue gas denitration solution across diverse operating regimes. A high-performance, hydrothermally stable catalyst for low-temperature SCR was synthesized by depositing MnOx onto MgAlOx composite oxide supports. These supports, featuring varied Mg/Al ratios, originated from layered double hydroxide (LDH) precursors. The obtained catalyst with the Mg/Al ratio of 2 (Mn/Mg2AlOx) possesses relatively high concentrations of active oxygen species (Oα) and Mn4+ and exhibits remarkable catalytic performance. The Mn/Mg2AlOx catalyst exhibits a wide operating temperature range (100–300 °C) for denitration, achieving over 80% NOx conversion, along with robust water resistance. The temperature-programed surface reactions and NO oxidation reactions are performed to elucidate the promoting effect of water on N2 selectivity, which is not only due to inhibition of catalyst oxidation capacity at high temperature but also is related to the competing adsorption of water and NH3. In situ DRIFTS analysis confirmed that the NH3-SCR mechanism over Mn/Mg2AlOx adheres to the Eley–Rideal (E–R) pathway. These findings highlight the significant promise of Mn/MgAlOx catalysts for deployment as downstream denitration units within exhaust treatment systems.","PeriodicalId":53216,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry-Switzerland","volume":"7 5","pages":"154-154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2624-8549/7/5/154/pdf?version=1758640847","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147333813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Electron-Phonon Interaction in Te-Doped (NH4)2SnCl6: Dual-Parameter Optical Thermometry (100–400 K) te掺杂(NH4)2SnCl6中电子-声子相互作用:双参数光学测温(100-400 K)
Chemistry-Switzerland Pub Date : 2025-09-16 DOI: 10.3390/chemistry7050150
Ting Geng, Yuhan Qin, Zhuo Chen, Yuhan Sun, Ao Zhang, Mengyuan Lu, Ming‐Hui Lu, Siying Zhou, Yongguang Li, Guanjun Xiao
{"title":"Electron-Phonon Interaction in Te-Doped (NH4)2SnCl6: Dual-Parameter Optical Thermometry (100–400 K)","authors":"Ting Geng, Yuhan Qin, Zhuo Chen, Yuhan Sun, Ao Zhang, Mengyuan Lu, Ming‐Hui Lu, Siying Zhou, Yongguang Li, Guanjun Xiao","doi":"10.3390/chemistry7050150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/chemistry7050150","url":null,"abstract":"Lead-free perovskite variants have emerged as promising candidates due to their self-trapped exciton emission. However, in ASnX3 systems, facile oxidation of Sn(II) to Sn(IV) yields A2SnCl6 vacancy-ordered derivatives. Paradoxically, despite possessing a direct bandgap, these variants exhibit diminished photoluminescence (PL). Doping engineering thus becomes essential for precise optical tailoring of A2SnX6 materials. Herein, through integrated first-principles calculations and spectroscopic analysis, we elucidate the luminescence mechanism in Te4+-doped (NH4)2SnCl6 lead-free perovskites. Density functional theory, X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirm Te4+ substitution at Sn sites via favorable chemical potentials. Spectral interrogations, including absorption and emission profiles, reveal that the intense emission originates from the triplet STE recombination (3P1 → 1S0) of Te centers. Temperature-dependent PL spectra further demonstrate strong electron–phonon coupling that induces symmetry-breaking distortions to stabilize STEs. Complementary electronic band structure and molecular orbital calculations unveil the underlying photophysical pathway. Leveraging these distinct thermal responses of PL intensity and peak position, 0.5%Te:(NH4)2SnCl6 emerges as a highly promising candidate for non-contact, dual-parameter optical thermometry over an ultra-broad range (100–400 K). This work provides fundamental insights into the exciton dynamics and thermal engineering of optical properties in this material system, establishing its significant potential for advanced temperature-sensing applications.","PeriodicalId":53216,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry-Switzerland","volume":"7 5","pages":"150-150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2624-8549/7/5/150/pdf?version=1758015330","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147915573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Helical Airflow Synthesis of Quinoxalines: A Continuous and Efficient Mechanochemical Approach 螺旋气流合成喹诺啉:一种连续高效的机械化学方法
Chemistry-Switzerland Pub Date : 2025-07-29 DOI: 10.3390/chemistry7040121
Jiawei Zhang, Zeli Xiao, Qi Huang, Yang Zhao, Bo Jin, Rufang Peng
{"title":"Helical Airflow Synthesis of Quinoxalines: A Continuous and Efficient Mechanochemical Approach","authors":"Jiawei Zhang, Zeli Xiao, Qi Huang, Yang Zhao, Bo Jin, Rufang Peng","doi":"10.3390/chemistry7040121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/chemistry7040121","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we report a novel mechanochemical synthesis method for the synthesis of quinoxaline derivatives—a spiral gas–solid two-phase flow approach, which enables the efficient preparation of quinoxaline compounds. Compared to conventional synthetic methods, this approach eliminates the need for heating or solvents while significantly reducing reaction time. The structures of the synthesized compounds were characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), ultraviolet-visible (UV–Vis) absorption spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Using the synthesis of 2,3-diphenylquinoxaline (1) as a model reaction, the synthetic process was investigated with UV–Vis spectroscopy. The results demonstrate that when the total feed amount was 2 g with a carrier gas pressure of 0.8 MPa, the reaction completed within 2 min, achieving a yield of 93%. Furthermore, kinetic analysis of the reaction mechanism was performed by monitoring the UV–Vis spectra of the products at different time intervals. The results indicate that the synthesis of 1 follows the A4 kinetic model, which describes a two-dimensional diffusion-controlled product growth process following decelerated nucleation.","PeriodicalId":53216,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry-Switzerland","volume":"7 4","pages":"121-121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147915997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
One-Step Hydrothermal Synthesis of Multicolour Graphene Quantum Dots and Study of Their Luminescence Mechanism 一步水热法合成多色石墨烯量子点及其发光机理研究
Chemistry-Switzerland Pub Date : 2025-06-06 DOI: 10.3390/chemistry7030094
Beibei Wang, Ling Sun, Kai Liu, Di Wu, Jinqiu Wang, Fang Geng
{"title":"One-Step Hydrothermal Synthesis of Multicolour Graphene Quantum Dots and Study of Their Luminescence Mechanism","authors":"Beibei Wang, Ling Sun, Kai Liu, Di Wu, Jinqiu Wang, Fang Geng","doi":"10.3390/chemistry7030094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/chemistry7030094","url":null,"abstract":"Multicolour graphene quantum dots (GQDs), from blue to orange emitting, were successfully synthesized via a one-step hydrothermal method using potassium hydrogen phthalate and o-phenylenediamine as the raw materials. After purification by silica gel column chromatography, four kinds of GQDs with maximum emission wavelengths of 420 nm (blue), 500 nm (green), 540 nm (yellow), and 555 nm (orange) were obtained, and all had a high quantum yield (9.7%, 8.8%, 9.3%, and 10.3%, respectively). The structural characterization revealed that the synthesized GQDs had a regular morphology, with a size of 2–3 nm and a thickness of 1–2 nm. The D-band-to-G-band ratio was less than 0.3, indicating that the GQDs had a high degree of graphitization. In addition, the emission peaks of the GQDs were red-shifted as the particle size increased, confirming that their luminescence was dominated by the quantum confinement effect. By analyzing the surface states and the functional groups of the multicolour GQDs, it was found that the GQDs had a similar elemental composition, which further proved that the emission wavelengths did not depend on the surface element composition, but conformed to the luminescence mechanism regulated by the quantum-limited effect. Furthermore, the four types of GQDs exhibited low cytotoxicity and good stability, suggesting their potential applications in biomarkers and for the synchronous detection of a variety of analytes.","PeriodicalId":53216,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry-Switzerland","volume":"7 3","pages":"94-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2624-8549/7/3/94/pdf?version=1749215352","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147890339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Photocyclization of Alkenes and Arenes: Penetrating Through Aromatic Armor with the Help of Excited State Antiaromaticity. 烯烃和芳烃的光环化:借助激发态抗芳性穿透芳甲。
IF 2.4
Chemistry-Switzerland Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-09 DOI: 10.3390/chemistry7030079
Nikolas R Dos Santos, Judy I Wu, Igor V Alabugin
{"title":"Photocyclization of Alkenes and Arenes: Penetrating Through Aromatic Armor with the Help of Excited State Antiaromaticity.","authors":"Nikolas R Dos Santos, Judy I Wu, Igor V Alabugin","doi":"10.3390/chemistry7030079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/chemistry7030079","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review focuses on photocyclization reactions involving alkenes and arenes. Photochemistry opens up synthetic opportunities difficult for thermal methods, using light as a versatile tool to convert stable ground-state molecules into their reactive excited counterparts. This difference can be particularly striking for aromatic molecules, which, according to Baird's rule, transform from highly stable entities into their antiaromatic \"evil twins\". We highlight classical reactions, such as the photocyclization of stilbenes, to show how alkenes and aromatic rings can undergo intramolecular cyclizations to form complex structures. When possible, we explain how antiaromaticity develops in excited states and how this can expand synthetic possibilities. The review also examines how factors such as oxidants, substituents, and reaction conditions influence product selectivity, providing useful insights for improving reaction outcomes and demonstrating how photochemical methods can drive the development of new synthetic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":53216,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry-Switzerland","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12363374/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144978312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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