Visnik Kharkivs''kogo natsional''nogouniversitetu imeni VN Karazina Seriia Radiofizika ta elektronika最新文献

{"title":"Ecological assessment of the territorial complexes of Tatarbunars’kyi district of Odessa region","authors":"","doi":"10.26565/2410-7360-2020-52-16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2410-7360-2020-52-16","url":null,"abstract":"Formulation of the problem. The Tatarbunars’kyi District is located in the southwestern part of Odessa region and reflects the main features of the landscape-economic structure of the region: water, agricultural, resort and environmental areas. On the other hand, the form of land use is characterized by widespread plowing of land with degradation and erosion of soil cover. Land structure and use patterns have a complex negative impact on ecological and economic processes and cannot ensure the sustainable development of the region, in particular it is antagonistic to the unique transitional wetland ecosystems of international importance located within the area. To solve the issues of balanced environmental management and zoning of the landscape and economic structure of the region, Earth remote sensing (ERS) data can be used - spectrozonal satellite imagery and geographic information systems (GIS), which can simultaneously cover the research area as a whole, carry out regular monitoring and significantly reduce costs by expensive expeditionary work. Using space monitoring data allows you to get a large array of characteristics of the state of the territorial complexes of the region. Purpose of the work is: assessment of the ecological state of the landscape economic structure and development of recommendations for the protection of natural and territorial complexes of the Tatarbunar’skyi District of Odessa region based on the use of GIS and remote sensing data. Methods. Landsat8 satellite images with OLI and TIRS sensors, digital terrain models (SRTM) with a spatial resolution of 30 m were used as initial data. The spatial distribution of the population was carried out on the basis of OpenStreetMap data using automatic interpolation using the IDW method. Spatial analysis and data processing were carried out in the QGIS v3.4.6 software package. To quantify the vegetation cover, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index - NDVI was calculated. Waterlog distribution was estimated using a modified normalized differential moisture index (NDMI). The analysis of the structure of land use and anthropogenic load was carried out on the basis of ranking of territorial objects into homogeneous groups to calculate geoecological coefficients. Results. The article discusses the possibilities of using Earth remote sensing data for a functional assessment of land changes as a result of anthropogenic activities, primarily arable land, analyzes the ecological and economic equilibrium of the region based on geoecological coefficients, identifies areas that are primarily exposed to environmental risks, exogenous processes and the impact anthropogenic factors. Measures are proposed to increase the environmental sustainability of agrolandscapes and the landscape-anthropogenic structure of the region’s lands. A detailed hydrological and morphometric analysis of the catchment basin was carried out. Karachaus within the boundaries of the District. For the catchment es","PeriodicalId":52802,"journal":{"name":"Visnik Kharkivs''kogo natsional''nogouniversitetu imeni VN Karazina Seriia Radiofizika ta elektronika","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79392685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Landscape approach to take into account regional features organization of environmental management of the protected area","authors":"","doi":"10.26565/2410-7360-2020-52-09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2410-7360-2020-52-09","url":null,"abstract":"Formulation of the problem. The nature protection territories of Ukraine and Vinnytsia region in particular are experiencing the not best period of their development. This is reflected in the low indicators and the rate of development of the Nature Reserve Fund, which are lagging behind those declared in the programming documents and European norms. Substantial expansion of already existent nature protection territories can help the decision of not simple problem and before everything level of national natural park. The purpose of the article. The use of landscape analysis to form an idea of the territorial structure and physiognomic features of the landscape complexes of an economic area of a national nature park and adjacent areas to prevent the loss of their landscape and biodiversity. Research methods included field-based observations and mapping. Results. The area under study for the extension of the Karmelyukove Podillya National Park belongs to the class of plain Eastern European landscapes. The general background of the forest-steppe complexes is formed by landscapes of elevated forest plains, strongly indented by ravines and gullies, with chernozems of podzolized. This type of landscapes is a consequence of the active development of erosion-denudation processes within the most hypsometrically elevated in the studied territory of the southeastern spurs of the Podolsk hills. The forest-steppe type includes three subtypes of landscapes: broad-leaved forest, rare-forested forest steppe, and meadow-steppe. The peculiarity of the manifestation and distribution of types of landscapes is caused by the fact that the areas of their location are intersected by intrasonal anthropogenic landscape complexes, the formation of which is caused by such types of nature management as forestry and agriculture. The consequence of age-old human activity is the formation of different classes of anthropogenic landscapes of agricultural, forestry, water management nature and road. The results of the research were used to create a map of the landscapes of the prospective territory for inclusion in the Karmelyukove Podillya National Park. Apart from high-level typological units (classes and types of landscapes), it presents 33 types of tracts, which are currently the most typical landscapes of the study sites. The information presented on the map does not exhaust their entire landscape diversity and is the basis for further detailed landscape studies. The scientific novelty of the research is determined by the originality and detail of the information about the landscape structure of the national nature park, and its practical importance is determined by the possibility of using the results of landscape-cartographic analysis for the needs of optimizing the functioning of high-level nature protection institutions. Landscape justification for the expediency of including the studied area (text and map of landscapes of the «Vyshenka» tract and adjacent territory) w","PeriodicalId":52802,"journal":{"name":"Visnik Kharkivs''kogo natsional''nogouniversitetu imeni VN Karazina Seriia Radiofizika ta elektronika","volume":"204 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77629752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transport sufficiency of administrative districts of Volyn region","authors":"","doi":"10.26565/2410-7360-2020-53-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2410-7360-2020-53-10","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the study. The purpose of the study is to analyze the level of transport sufficiency of administrative districts in Volyn region mainly landlocked routes using different quantitative parameters and indicators. Research methods. The following methods were applied in our research: statistical, comparative, cartographic, method of classification, and system analysis. Academic novelty. The academic novelty of the study is a comprehensive approach to assessing the transport sufficiency level of administrative districts in Volyn region using the integrated transport sufficiency index, which takes into account simultaneously the density of transport networks per unit of territory and population and security indices calculated by E. Engel, G. Goltz, Yu. Uspensky. Practical significance. The practical significance of the research results is determined by their further use for optimization and modernization of transport infrastructure in Volyn region. Research results. The analysis of the transport sufficiency of administrative districts in Volyn region using different quantitative parameters and indicators showed that there is a clear dependence of the land routes length on the area and the configuration of the district's territory and the number of settlements. We calculated the density of roads and railways in the administrative districts of the region per 1000 square kilometers and 1000 inhabitants, as well as indexes of transport sufficiency of E. Engel, G. Goltz, and Yu. Uspensky. The above-mentioned data showed ambiguity in determining the levels of transport sufficiency of districts in the region. For more informative expression of this indicator of transport system functioning in districts, the weighted average value was determined using the agglomerative-hierarchical procedure of normalization of these 7 output parameters. We obtained the synthesized parameter, which can be estimated as an integral index of the transport sufficiency level in Volyn districts. The integral index reflects the cumulative effect of taking into account partial indicators of transport sufficiency and shows the presence of significant spatial differentiation in the transport sufficiency level of the region. According to the values of the integral index of the transport sufficiency level, five types of districts are distinguished by the level of transport sufficiency of their territories. It is established that the highest level of transport sufficiency has the central and southern districts of the region with favorable transport and geographical position and a long network of roads and railways. The northern districts of the region have the lowest level of transport sufficiency due to the forest, swamps, and low level of economic development. The problems of development of transport infrastructure in Volyn region are revealed and the perspective ways of optimizing the level of their transport sufficiency are indicated.","PeriodicalId":52802,"journal":{"name":"Visnik Kharkivs''kogo natsional''nogouniversitetu imeni VN Karazina Seriia Radiofizika ta elektronika","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84136509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of the surface layer energy balance model for calculating of the evaporation from water objects","authors":"","doi":"10.26565/2410-7360-2020-53-06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2410-7360-2020-53-06","url":null,"abstract":"Formulation of the problem. When solving hydrological problems associated with the water balance of water bodies and the possibility of economic use of their water resources, an important problem is the accurate determination of evaporation from the water surface, which is the main component of water losses. Review of previous publications and studies.Currently, many indirect and empirical methods for calculating evaporation from the surface of soil, water and vegetation, developed by domestic and foreign scientists: M.I. Budyko, V.S. Mezentsev, A.R. Konstantinov, N.N. Ivanov, Penman-Monteith and others, are used. Most empirical methods do not have universal applicability, since, in most cases, they cannot take into account the features of various underlying surfaces and hydrometeorological conditions that affect evaporation processes. The only acceptable methods for estimating actual or potential evaporation can only be parametric models based on a numerical solution of the surface heat balance equation. One of such models is the atmospheric surface layer model – model SLEB, created at Odessa State Ecological Environmental University. Purpose. The purpose of this study is to obtain quantitative estimates of changes with evaporation of water surfaces with SLEB model and compare them with the measured and model data of analogous methods obtained by other authors (Ivanova, Penman), for example, a freshwater lake Yalpug. Methods. For research, a parametric energy balance model of the atmospheric surface layer SLEB, which is used standard meteorological information, was used. The main advantage of this model is the high accuracy of determining the heat expenditure for evaporation in the calculation of mass-heat transfer between the underlying surface and the atmosphere at the micro- and mesoscales. The SLEB model is applicable for all types of underlying surfaces characteristic of the territory of Ukraine. Results. The value of evaporation from unit area of the water surface of Lake Yalpug calculating by model SLEB was obtained for the first time taking into account the development of wave formation on the surface of the lake, which changes the hydrodynamic properties of the water surface and the aerodynamics of the air flow. Accounting for the effect of wind waves on the vast lake surface allowed us to obtain results almost equal to the measured evaporation from the pool surface. The results showed that the calculated values of evaporation from the water surface by the methods of Penman and Ivanov overestimate the amount of evaporated moisture compared with the values measured and calculated by the SLEB model. Conclusions. Application of the SLEB model allows to increase the quantitative estimation accuracy of the water balance main component – water losses due to evaporation from the water bodies water surface, which, in turn, can increase the water resources management efficiency of natural water bodies for purpose of their rational use fo","PeriodicalId":52802,"journal":{"name":"Visnik Kharkivs''kogo natsional''nogouniversitetu imeni VN Karazina Seriia Radiofizika ta elektronika","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85375827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental situation of Dnister regional landscape park","authors":"","doi":"10.26565/2410-7360-2020-53-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2410-7360-2020-53-17","url":null,"abstract":"Formulation of the problem. The Dniester Regional Landscape Park (DRLP) is a natural protected area of Ukraine that extends along the right bank. Dniester, within the Tlumatsky and Gorodenkovsky districts of Ivano-Frankivsk region, covers an area of 19 656 ha. It was founded by the decisions of the Ivano-Frankivsk Regional Council on July 15, 1993 and December 3, 2016, when the park was named after Sergiy Didych. The objectives of the park are: conservation of valuable natural and floristic-cultural complexes; creation of conditions for efficient tourism and recreation; adherence to the regime of protection of protected objects; promotion of ecological and educational work; maintaining an overall environmental balance in the region. The research methodology performed by the specialists of the Department of Ecology of the Ivano-Frankivsk National Technical University of Oil and Gas was based on a component assessment of the ecological state of the geological environment, relief, water resources, atmospheric air, soil and vegetation, sociosphere and technosphere by selection construction of databases and ecological and technological-geochemical maps of the state of the environment. As a result of studies of the geological environment, geomorphosphere and soil cover, their changes under the influence of natural (planar, linear and bright erosion, villages, landslides, landslides, landslides, etc.) and technogenic (quarries, drilling wells, etc.) factors are still negligible - from 0.0015 to 0.04% of the area and volume in the model areas. Surface water pollution in the Dniester River and its tributaries is average, and groundwater – from normal to satisfactory. Only in places where the polluted water is discharged is it difficult and unsatisfactory. Ecological condition of atmospheric air, precipitation of rain and snow, vegetation cover – normal and only about mm. Interpreter and Gorodenko – satisfactory and complex. On the whole, according to the assessment of all environmental components, the environment of the DRLP is still in good condition, but requires the implementation of the measures recommended by the authors. The scientific novelty of the environmental research of the DLRP is that the authors of the article first performed their own field environmental studies on the monitoring system of each component of the landscape, and the results using GIS technologies to build a summary ecological map. The practical significance of the work is to provide the DPRL with a scientific basis for the creation of a permanent ecological monitoring network and the dissemination of the methods of ecological assessment developed by the authors to other nature reserves and sites - nature monuments, reserves, national nature parks, nature reserves, biosphere reserves and reserves.","PeriodicalId":52802,"journal":{"name":"Visnik Kharkivs''kogo natsional''nogouniversitetu imeni VN Karazina Seriia Radiofizika ta elektronika","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89001187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiophysical methods in the study of physicochemical properties of liquids","authors":"","doi":"10.26565/2311-0872-2020-33-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2311-0872-2020-33-03","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance: The creation of new express methods for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of solutions and suspensions and biological liquids, as well as the development of technical means for their implementation, are urgent tasks in various fields of science and technology, in particular, in biotechnology and biomedicine. Also, the relevance of the work is due to the need to optimize technological processes for the production and synthesis of nanomaterials. The purpose of the work is to verify theoretically and experimentally the possibility of using radiophysical methods to assess the physicochemical parameters of solutions and suspensions. Another purposes are optimization of the technological process of laser ablation and solution of the physicochemical problem of the synthesis of iron nanoparticles in magnetite shells. Materials and methods: The paper presents a comparative analysis of methods for calculating the effective parameters of the system dielectric – metal inclusions using the mixing formulas of Maxwell–Garnett, Bruggeman and the finite element method. It is shown that in the case of metallic inclusions, the Bruggeman formula gives a more adequate result, which is consistent with the experimental results. The analysis of aqueous suspensions of metal nanoparticles was carried out by the method of impedance spectroscopy. Results: A simple method has been developed for the synthesis of iron nanoparticles with a magnetite shell based on the reaction of controlled oxidation of iron nanoparticles by ozone. A microscopic analysis of the obtained particles was carried out and the rate of formation of the magnetic shell was determined. The method of impedance spectroscopy for measuring the concentration of metal nanoparticles in the process of laser ablation has been tested. It is shown that the state of sedimentation equilibrium of the suspension corresponds to a specific value of electrical conductivity. Conclusion: It is shown that the method of impedance spectroscopy can be used as an indirect method for assessing the qualitative and quantitative physicochemical parameters of solutions and suspensions. The simulation of the influence of the distribution of metal particles in a dielectric matrix on the electrophysical parameters of the suspension is carried out.","PeriodicalId":52802,"journal":{"name":"Visnik Kharkivs''kogo natsional''nogouniversitetu imeni VN Karazina Seriia Radiofizika ta elektronika","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81150561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quality control of substances by electromagnetic sensing in a waveguide","authors":"В. Овсяніков, М.М. Горобець, О. Р. Безносова, V. Ovsyanikov, N. Gorobets, E. Beznosova","doi":"10.26565/2311-0872-2020-32-07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2311-0872-2020-32-07","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. The problems of remote non-destructive determination and control of quality indicators of a wide variety of material environments, in particular, household and food products, are relevant practically for all areas of the national economy, science and technology. The relevance of scientific research in the field of dielectrometry in the microwave range is also due to the needs for the development of high technologies in medicine and health care, the national economy in real time. The aim of this work is to develop the method of microwave waveguide dielectrometry based on the application of the theory of multilayer plane-layered dielectric structures to the determination of the complex dielectric constant of a substance from the values ​​of the standing wave ratio of the samples under study in a waveguide at two close frequencies. Materials and methods. The research is based on well-studied phenomena of interference of electromagnetic waves on multilayer plane-layered dielectric structures. By using a mathematical model of the phenomenon of interference of a plane electromagnetic wave on a three-layer dielectric structure, the ambiguity of determining the complex dielectric constant of a substance by the classical method of waveguide dielectrometry in the microwave range by measuring the standing wave ratio of a dielectric sample placed in the waveguide and the phase angle of the reflection coefficient is overcome. Results. A method is proposed for ensuring the unambiguity of determining the complex dielectric constant of a substance in waveguide dielectrometry on the basis of the theory of multilayer plane-layered dielectric structures. The method leads to an explicit expression for the complex reflection coefficient of an electromagnetic wave from the investigated dielectric sample placed in a rectangular waveguide. The complex dielectric constant of a substance is determined from the values ​​of the standing wave ratio at two close frequencies in the microwave range. By the found value of the dielectric constant and the tangent of the dielectric loss angle, the quality parameter of the substance is determined by comparing and optimizing two objective functions, including the arrays of reference values ​​of the complex dielectric constant obtained in the course of measurements and compiled in advance, and by comparing and optimizing the third objective function, previous functions. As an example of an indicator of the quality of a substance, the specific heat of combustion of coal was determined. Conclusions. The proposed method for determining the complex dielectric constant and quality indicators of dielectric materials in the microwave frequency range has been tested in the case of various types of coals, its efficiency has been proven and the reliability of the results has been proven. The method and the devices and software implemented on its basis are promising for non-destructive express control of dielectric materials and m","PeriodicalId":52802,"journal":{"name":"Visnik Kharkivs''kogo natsional''nogouniversitetu imeni VN Karazina Seriia Radiofizika ta elektronika","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78925404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Models of sacred space","authors":"","doi":"10.26565/2410-7360-2020-53-07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2410-7360-2020-53-07","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose is to create models of sacral space and the task is to analyze the structure and genesis of sacral space. Research methods. The creation of sacred space models in geography is predominantly driven by naturalistic, phenomenological and temporal approaches. The methods of their study include: a) habitual structure of geographical space and its forming natural, anthropogenic and natural anthropogenic landscapes; b) perceptual-cognitive interpretation of the sacral space, which is significantly different from the previous version; c) eschatological perception of processes in the landscape. Results. In forming the models of sacral space, the study paid attention to the peculiarities of space and place. The authors noted that their concepts could be quite antagonistic, which would have an impact on the research model. This approach allows creating models of sacral space with elements of its filling: natural and phenomenological; given the time aspect – eschatological. The natural model is built on the juxtaposition of \"sacred\" and \"profane\" in the sense of \"heterotopia\" as a territorial component. Covers both anthropogenic, natural-anthropogenic, and natural objects and landscapes. The categories \"sacral\" and \"profane\" form a vertical bipolar system, the axis of which is \"hierophany.\" Heterotopia includes anthropogenic cores – religious (cult) objects and landscapes, and natural ones – part of the polytheistic subclass of the pagan and neo-pagan group of variants of the class of sacral landscapes, as well as places of force associated with geoactive structures. Phenomenological model is developed based on formation in the person of feeling and contact with the \"divine\", for the formation of which perceptual-cognitive interpretations of space are applied. It is proposed to include a liminal space in the structure of the phenomenological model, which will include the extension of the hierophony axis above and below the \"heterotopic\" plane. The eschatological model is based on the theory of catastrophism, which assumes that abrupt and global environmental changes are caused by abrupt natural processes (flood, volcanic eruption, earthquake, impact event, geomagnetic inversion). In religious sources, similar processes are analyzed in eschatology, where cyclical and linear concepts of sacral space development are predominant. The eschatological model has certain features: the singular point coincides with the point of the \"apocalypse\"; the level of sacralization increases, but with its increase, the time of natural rhythms and cycles decreases and shifts, and the amplitude oscillations become larger, which is reflected in the manifestation of the main eschatological features; after passing the singular point, the amplitude oscillations of the natural rhythms are slowed and smoothed; a new landscape sphere is forming. Scientific significance. Research aspects define the interpretation of sacred space as one that combines material and spiritual;","PeriodicalId":52802,"journal":{"name":"Visnik Kharkivs''kogo natsional''nogouniversitetu imeni VN Karazina Seriia Radiofizika ta elektronika","volume":"2008 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82498144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Projected distribution of the warm season droughts over the territory of Ukraine in 2021-2050","authors":"","doi":"10.26565/2410-7360-2020-53-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2410-7360-2020-53-13","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Drought is a natural phenomenon that occurs in all climates, and is one of the most relevant natural hazards, which propagates through the full hydrological cycle and affects large areas, often with long-term economic and environmental impacts. A prolonged deficit in precipitation over a defined region cause a meteorological drought, while the other types of drought describe secondary effects on specific ecological and economic compartments. Recent trends in the drought distribution and intensity shows that Europe splits into two big areas, in which the southern and western regions have positive trends of drought frequency, duration, and severity, and the northern and eastern regions show a decrease in this parameters. Regarding the long events, territory of Ukraine belongs to the areas in which a prominent decrease in drought frequency, duration and severity are fixed. But positive trends in the drought characteristics are observed on the Black Sea coast, also in the Carpathian region, many droughts occurred in the past three decades. The purpose of this study to examine the results of analysis of the spatiotemporal distribution of warm season droughts (April-October) across the administrative areas of Ukraine in 2021-2050 under the climate scenarios RCP4.5 and RCP6.0 with them comparing. Data and methods. Drought estimation was performed using the SPEI index (the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration index). The inclusion of temperature through the potential evapotranspiration (PET) along with precipitation data allows SPEI to account for the impact of temperature regime on a drought situation. A drought episode for given time scale is defined as a period, in which SPEI is continuously negative and reaches a value of –1.0 or less. In this study, the gridded fields of monthly air temperature and precipitation intensity from multimodel sets of global CMP5 models are taken for calculations of SPEI. Data access was made through the Climate Explorer. All data were averaged over the area of each of 25 administrative regions of Ukraine. Research results. Analysis of the time series of the calculated SPEI index for both scenarios showed that in all regions of Ukraine there will be a tendency to transition from moderately wet conditions in 2021-2035 to droughty conditions in 2037-2050. In the first half of the study period drought is expected near 2024, as well as in 2030-2033 almost in all provinces except southern areas. In the second half of the period prolonged seasonal drought is projected in 2044-2047 over all Ukraine and in some areas drought may reach an extreme intensity. Decade analysis of the SPEI7 time series showed that in both scenarios in all regions of Ukraine, the least number of dry seasons is expected from 2021 to 2030. The highest number of dry seasons in this period may reach up to 4-5 cases per 10 years in the western regions under RCP6.0 scenario. In other regions the number of dry warm seasons will be 2","PeriodicalId":52802,"journal":{"name":"Visnik Kharkivs''kogo natsional''nogouniversitetu imeni VN Karazina Seriia Radiofizika ta elektronika","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73001948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smykiv – the new key section of the upper pleistocene of the Volyn Upland","authors":"","doi":"10.26565/2410-7360-2020-53-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2410-7360-2020-53-02","url":null,"abstract":"Formulation the problem. The new section at Smykiv in the Volyn Upland has an informative stratigraphic record, showing details of climatic phases in the Late Pleistocene. The site is located in the Rivne Oblast, 40 km south of Lutsk, on slope of the River Dezha (the tributary of the River Styr). Review of previous publications and studies. The loess-palaeosol sequence of the Volyn’ Upland has been intensively studied by Ukrainian, Russian and Polish researchers such as A. Bogucki, M. Lanczont, P. Voloshyn, A. Tsatskin, V. Nechaev, T. Morozova, L. Bezusko, J. Kusiak, S. Fedorowicz, J. Nawrocki, R. Dmytruk and many others. Methods. The section has been studied using lithostratigraphic, palaeopedological, palaeocryological, grain size, micromorphological and partial chemical methods, which enable the reconstruction of past climate and environment. The stratigraphy is applied follows the Quaternary Framework of Ukraine (Veklitch et al., 1993). All the stratigraphical units of the Upper Pleistocene are represented in the section; and, herein, these divided into smaller parts characterized by distinct environmental histories. The purpose of the article is to study the detailed stratified sequence at Smykiv by various methods in order to clarify the regional Quaternary palaeogeographical scheme. Results. The periglacial alluvium of the Dnipro unit, at the base of the sequence, and the analysis of the position of the site in the relief indicate the interpretation that it is located on the Dezha river’s terrace. The alluvium bed is distorted by syngenetic involutions. The overlying Kaydaky unit truncates the alluvium, and is inclined parallel to the present valley slope. Three pedogenetic phases during the Kaydaky times are identifiable: pedosediments formed in the first phase (kda), pedosediments of forest soil formed in the early optimum (kdb1) and a Retisol formed in the late optimum (kdb2). During the Tyasmyn cold event, a network of small soil veins formed. Renewed, but less intense than in the Kaydaky unit, erosion processes started in Pryluky times. It can be demonstrated that the Pryluky polygenetic soil was formed in three phases, divided by a cold event in mid Pryluky times (pl2). A Chernozem with signs of slight podzolisation and biogenic aggregation was formed during the first phase (pl1b2). The soil is disturbed by cryogenic features formed during pl2. An incipient Cambisol was enriched with a fine organic matter during the phase pl3b1. An incipient Calcic Cambisol (pl3b2), aggregated and slightly gleyed, formed at the end of the Pryluky time. Erosion processes were not strongly developed during Pleniglacial. At the beginning of the stadials (in Uday and Bug times), solifluction processes occurred. At the beginning of these stadials, other cryogenic features, such as soil veins, frost fissures and ice-wedges, were also formed. Upper Pleistocene loess beds show slight pedogenesis, particularly very weak humus accumulation and biogenic ","PeriodicalId":52802,"journal":{"name":"Visnik Kharkivs''kogo natsional''nogouniversitetu imeni VN Karazina Seriia Radiofizika ta elektronika","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76356758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}