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Japanese National Railways' financing schemes and bankruptcy 日本国家铁路公司的融资计划和破产
Annals of Business Administrative Science Pub Date : 2019-12-15 DOI: 10.7880/abas.0191117a
N. Takahashi
{"title":"Japanese National Railways' financing schemes and bankruptcy","authors":"N. Takahashi","doi":"10.7880/abas.0191117a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7880/abas.0191117a","url":null,"abstract":"Japan’s prewar railroad business (Ministry of Transport) was transferred to a public corporation, Japanese National Railways (JNR), after World War II and eventually went bankrupt. This was due to a number of factors, including the decline in the position of railroads, ballooning personnel costs, and the existence of unprofitable local lines. However, the issue that directly caused the crash was the failure of the financing scheme that formed part of the company’s third long-term plan, which commenced in FY 1965. The company had not taken government subsidies or increased its borrowings from the Fiscal Investment and Loan Program (FILP), but instead went outside the FILP and issued large volumes of high-interest rate tokubetsu (special) bonds without a government guarantee, so that by FY 1967, interest and debt-related expenses totaled 101.2 billion yen, or about the same as the 104 billion yen raised by tokubetsu bonds. In other words, tokubetsu bonds were being issued to finance the payment of interest on railway bonds. As a result, the company went bankrupt in the first few years of its seven-year plan, which changed into a financial rehabilitation plan starting in FY 1969. a) Graduate School of Economics, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan, nobuta@e.u-tokyo.ac.jp A version of this paper was presented at the ABAS Conference 2019 Autumn (Takahashi, 2019). © 2019 Nobuo Takahashi. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Annals of Business Administrative Science 18 (2019) 263–276 http://doi.org/10.7880/abas.0191117a Received: November 17, 2019; accepted: December 2, 2019 Published in advance on J-STAGE: December 13, 2019","PeriodicalId":52658,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Business Administrative Science","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75124518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Managing tolerance stack-up through process integration team in steel industry 通过工艺集成团队管理钢铁行业公差叠加
Annals of Business Administrative Science Pub Date : 2019-12-15 DOI: 10.7880/abas.0191002a
Sungwoo Byun
{"title":"Managing tolerance stack-up through process integration team in steel industry","authors":"Sungwoo Byun","doi":"10.7880/abas.0191002a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7880/abas.0191002a","url":null,"abstract":"Tolerance is defined as “the difference between the maximum and minimum dimensions that can be allowed in terms of product functionality.” Company A, a steel manufacturer, follows the textbooks in presetting and managing tolerances so that its processes can flow seamlessly without any adjustments, as long as conditions remain within the range of tolerance. However, tolerance stack-up risk has been observed in the production of high-grade products such as automotive steel sheets because the quality measurements have approached the tolerance limits in several consecutive processes even though the said measurements have stayed within the tolerance range (which means that the products are not classified as defective). On the other hand, Company B (also a steel manufacturer) has been successful in managing tolerance through a method that is entirely different from the textbook model by having its Integrated Quality Control Group adjust the tolerances between processes and a) Faculty of Business Administration, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashiosaka-shi, Osaka Prefecture, Japan 577-0818, byun@bus.kindai.ac.jp A version of this paper was presented at the ABAS Conference 2019 Summer (Byun, 2019). © 2019 Sungwoo Byun. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Annals of Business Administrative Science 18 (2019) 223–236 http://doi.org/10.7880/abas.0191002a Received: October 2, 2019; accepted: November 6, 2019 Published in advance on J-STAGE: November 20, 2019","PeriodicalId":52658,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Business Administrative Science","volume":"138 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83765499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Why can Toyota's keiretsu recover from earthquakes quickly? 为什么丰田的经连能从地震中迅速恢复?
Annals of Business Administrative Science Pub Date : 2019-12-15 DOI: 10.7880/abas.0191022a
Shumpei Iwao, Yumi Kato
{"title":"Why can Toyota's keiretsu recover from earthquakes quickly?","authors":"Shumpei Iwao, Yumi Kato","doi":"10.7880/abas.0191022a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7880/abas.0191022a","url":null,"abstract":"The keiretsu, or long-term stable business network that exists between Toyota and its suppliers, seems to demonstrate exceptional resilience in the face of natural disasters. Toyota shares production knowledge among the firms in its keiretsu through long-term kaizen-based inter-company learning activities (jishuken). In this regard, we have confirmed that (A) in times of normal operations, jishuken adopt a flat structure of interpersonal connections among firms that facilitates mutual trust. From case studies, we also found that (B) in times of disaster response, the structure “switches” to a hierarchical one with a clearly delineated leadership to bring knowledge and human resources into play.","PeriodicalId":52658,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Business Administrative Science","volume":"13 1","pages":"251-262"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89339875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Resource-based venturing 基于资源的冒险
Annals of Business Administrative Science Pub Date : 2019-10-15 DOI: 10.7880/abas.0190817a
Y. Suh, Yuki Mitomi, Hidenori Sato
{"title":"Resource-based venturing","authors":"Y. Suh, Yuki Mitomi, Hidenori Sato","doi":"10.7880/abas.0190817a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7880/abas.0190817a","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52658,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Business Administrative Science","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87536579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The scope of motivation studies for (e)word-of-mouth 动机研究的范围(e)口碑
Annals of Business Administrative Science Pub Date : 2019-10-15 DOI: 10.7880/abas.0190913a
Y. Kuwashima
{"title":"The scope of motivation studies for (e)word-of-mouth","authors":"Y. Kuwashima","doi":"10.7880/abas.0190913a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7880/abas.0190913a","url":null,"abstract":"There are fundamental differences between research into WOM (word-of-mouth), in which communication occurs face-to-face, and one into eWOM (electric word-of-mouth), which occurs over the Internet between strangers. In specifically looking at motivational factors, this study reveals significant differences in that while traditional WOM studies mainly discuss recipient motives, eWOM studies (a) mainly discuss sender motives and (b) permit the inclusion of economic motives.","PeriodicalId":52658,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Business Administrative Science","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75458339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The core rigidity of Japanese home video game companies 日本家庭视频游戏公司的核心僵化
Annals of Business Administrative Science Pub Date : 2019-10-15 DOI: 10.7880/abas.0190921a
Takeaki Wada
{"title":"The core rigidity of Japanese home video game companies","authors":"Takeaki Wada","doi":"10.7880/abas.0190921a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7880/abas.0190921a","url":null,"abstract":"Retail prices must be kept low in order to increase the diffusion of home video game hardware. In the 1980s and 1990s, when high-performance semiconductor prices were high, the performance of the hardware was limited. Owing to hardware restrictions, Japanese video game hardware developers had to improve their ability to increase the entertainment offered by their hardware. By the 2000s, home video game hardware that was the same spec as cutting-edge PC hardware came onto the market. As a result, consumers in the European and North American markets began to demand home video game software that could take advantage of high-performance hardware. This is when European and North American home video game developers began to flourish, as their experience with video game development on the PC meant that they had the ability to develop games that took advantage of high-level hardware functionality. At the same time, Japanese home video game developers were struggling in the global market, including North America, because the development organization and capabilities that they had built before 2000 acted as core rigidity.","PeriodicalId":52658,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Business Administrative Science","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76174001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Factory strategy 工厂的战略
Annals of Business Administrative Science Pub Date : 2019-10-15 DOI: 10.7880/abas.0190731a
Mitsuhiro Fukuzawa
{"title":"Factory strategy","authors":"Mitsuhiro Fukuzawa","doi":"10.7880/abas.0190731a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7880/abas.0190731a","url":null,"abstract":"Papers on operations management in major journals have studied (1) relationships between the level of alignment in business and manufacturing strategies, practice realization, and performance; (2) the role of plants in global production networks; and (3) the reconciling of business and manufacturing strategies by operational executives. However, while these studies have positioned the role of plants as a strategic weapon in firms, their perspective is that the role of plants is imparted by headquarters or business units. Actually, the phenomenon which Japanese domestic plants have continued to work on various issues in an advanced manner from a global view went beyond this scope. There is a need for exploratory research from the perspective of plants as to the relationship between the role of plants and the strategic behavior of factory managers in continuing to grow while trying to survive in challenging environments and organizational capabilities built in plants.","PeriodicalId":52658,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Business Administrative Science","volume":"4648 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89739532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Management of exhaustion in continuous product development 持续产品开发的耗竭管理
Annals of Business Administrative Science Pub Date : 2019-08-15 DOI: 10.7880/ABAS.0190621A
Wei Huang
{"title":"Management of exhaustion in continuous product development","authors":"Wei Huang","doi":"10.7880/ABAS.0190621A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7880/ABAS.0190621A","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52658,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Business Administrative Science","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86138051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Product identity leads to organizational activation in crisis 产品认同导致危机中的组织激活
Annals of Business Administrative Science Pub Date : 2019-08-09 DOI: 10.7880/ABAS.0190725A
Ayako Aizawa
{"title":"Product identity leads to organizational activation in crisis","authors":"Ayako Aizawa","doi":"10.7880/ABAS.0190725A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7880/ABAS.0190725A","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52658,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Business Administrative Science","volume":"102 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78097516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Owning a company 拥有一家公司
Annals of Business Administrative Science Pub Date : 2019-06-15 DOI: 10.7880/ABAS.0190422A
N. Takahashi
{"title":"Owning a company","authors":"N. Takahashi","doi":"10.7880/ABAS.0190422A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7880/ABAS.0190422A","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52658,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Business Administrative Science","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80333258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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