Prace Komisji Geografii Komunikacji PTG最新文献

{"title":"Reasons for using public transport services in Cracow in the opinion of its users – survey results","authors":"I. Manczak, Natalia Muniak, Kamil Pawłowski","doi":"10.4467/2543859xpkg.22.020.17144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/2543859xpkg.22.020.17144","url":null,"abstract":"Public transport services are an example of important category for the implementation of key activities by the local community. These services enable the movement of residents and guests visiting destinations and provide access to city elements of the settlement. The aim of the article is to identify the reasons for using public transport services in Cracow in the group of respondents. Selected characteristics of public transport are outlined on the basis of an analysis of the published literature. Particular attention was paid to the offer of Cracow’s public transport. The study presents the results of surveys conducted by an online diagnostic survey among users of the surveyed services. The aim of the research was to identify the reasons why the respondents use Cracow’s public transport services are: the lack of a car, a travel allowance and an attractive connection network turned out to be a group of key reasons for using the analyzed services. The results indicate the need to continuously improve the level of functioning of Cracow’s public transport by: information about vehicle delays, improving the operation of ticket vending machines, and by providing a regular number of conn.","PeriodicalId":52611,"journal":{"name":"Prace Komisji Geografii Komunikacji PTG","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47219342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diversification of policies for the development of electric public transport in the Czech Republic, Poland and Slovakia","authors":"Marcin Połom","doi":"10.4467/2543859xpkg.22.022.17146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/2543859xpkg.22.022.17146","url":null,"abstract":"Urban transport in countries of East-Central Europe, including the Czech Republic, Poland and Slovakia, played an important role in the residents’ daily mobility. The underdevelopment of individual motorisation contributed to the lasting significant role of public transport. Due to the operating characteristics of electric vehicles, as well as emerging fuel crises, electric public transport played a key role, especially in large cities. Differences in the development of economies in the electrotechnical segment influenced the structure of public transport in the analysed countries. The higher level of development of the Czechoslovak transport sector contributed to a greater share of trams and trolleybuses in total transport. Despite many development plans in Poland, the process of developing traditional means of electric transport slowed down with the political change in 1989. The situation was slightly different in the Czech Republic and Slovakia, where, despite financial difficulties, the development of tramway and trolleybus networks continued. Modernisation of public transport began after joining the European Union. Technological development has led to the emergence of a new means of transport –electric buses. The apparent ease of putting them into service revolutionised the situation in Poland, thus popularising electric transport. The situation was different in the Czech Republic and Slovakia, where the main focus was on the development of tramway and trolleybus transport. The article reconstructs the development of urban electric transport after 1989 in the analysed countries and identifies factors that differentiate contemporary transport development policies in the Czech Republic, Poland and Slovakia.","PeriodicalId":52611,"journal":{"name":"Prace Komisji Geografii Komunikacji PTG","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48579406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of mobile applications supporting public transport passengers in selected cities","authors":"J. Górniak","doi":"10.4467/2543859xpkg.22.021.17145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/2543859xpkg.22.021.17145","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, technical and technological development is subject to many new concepts and challenges, such as sustainable development, smart city and electromobility. In order to improve the flow of people through cities, it is necessary to skillfully implement various types of solutions and tools. The article presents the essence and importance of information in urban transport. The considerations focus mainly on selected mobile applications, which are designed to provide travelers with information about traveling by public transport in Poland. Various classifications distinguishing information mobile applications in urban transport have been presented. The empirical part of the article presents the division into two groups of these tools, namely applications whose main functionality is the possibility of purchasing a ticket and planning the route. In the comparative analysis of mobile information applications in urban transport, parameters such as geographical coverage, payment, the need to log in and additional functionalities were taken into account.","PeriodicalId":52611,"journal":{"name":"Prace Komisji Geografii Komunikacji PTG","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41812894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rower w pojeździe publicznego transportu zbiorowego – studium zasad przewozowych w wybranych miastach europejskich","authors":"M. Kwiatkowski, Łukasz Karbowiński","doi":"10.4467/2543859xpkg.22.015.16609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/2543859xpkg.22.015.16609","url":null,"abstract":"Publiczny transport zbiorowy oraz transport rowerowy postrzegane są jako zrównoważone alternatywy dla miejskich podróży samochodem. Narzędziem do zwiększenia popularności tych form transportu jest ich integracja w modelu bike-and-ride, polegającym na łączeniu przejazdu rowerem i środkiem transportu zbiorowego w ramach tej samej podróży. Jednym z istotnych aspektów tego modelu jest możliwość przewozu roweru w pojeździe (autobus, tramwaj). Taki sposób przemieszczania się nie tylko zwiększa zasięg podróży, ale stanowi również ważne rozwiązanie w sytuacji awaryjnej potrzeby przewozu roweru, gdy rowerzysta z różnych przyczyn nie ma możliwości kontynuacji jazdy na rowerze. Kluczowe dla transferu rowerów w innych pojazdach są jednak zasady przewozowe stosowane przez lokalnych operatorów transportu zbiorowego. Za cel pracy przyjęto analizę zapisów regulaminów przewozowych transportu w zakresie możliwości przewozu rowerów w pojazdach (autobusach, trolejbusach, tramwajach lub metrze). W artykule przeanalizowano 55 miast, dokonując porównania między krajami Europy Zachodniej (Danią i Holandią) a krajami Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej (Polską, Czechami i Słowacją). W badaniu wykazano duże zróżnicowanie w zakresie kompletności i restrykcyjności zapisów umożliwiających przewóz rowerów w pojazdach transportu publicznego. Oceniono jednak, że w niektórych przypadkach zasady przewozu są bardziej surowe w Europie Zachodniej niż w Europie Środkowo-Wschodniej, co może wynikać z większego ruchu rowerowego w miastach tej części kontynentu i potrzeby wprowadzenia odpowiednich ograniczeń.\u0000\u0000\u0000Bicycles in public transport vehicles – a study of transport policies in selected European cities\u0000\u0000Public collective transport and cycling are seen as sustainable alternatives to urban car travel. A tool to increase the popularity of these forms of transport is their integration in the bike-and-ride model, consisting in combining cycling and public transport within the same journey. One important aspect of this model is the option to carry a bicycle on a public transport vehicle. Such a combination not only increases the range of journeys, but is also an important solution in an emergency situation when the cyclist is unable to continue cycling for various reasons. The transport rules applied by local public transport operators are crucial for the transfer of bikes on other vehicles. The aim of the study was to analyse the provisions of the public transport regulations concerning the possibility of carrying bikes on board the vehicles (buses, trolleybuses, trams, or underground). The article analysed the transport policies of 55 cities, making comparisons between Western European countries (Denmark and the Netherlands) and Central and Eastern European countries (Poland, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia). The study showed a wide variation in the completeness and restrictiveness of provisions allowing for the carriage of bicycles on public transport vehicles. However, it was assessed that i","PeriodicalId":52611,"journal":{"name":"Prace Komisji Geografii Komunikacji PTG","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41620798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emisje gazów cieplarnianych z transportu osobowego w Warszawie na podstawie danych z Barometru Warszawskiego","authors":"W. Szymalski, Karolina Bukowicka","doi":"10.4467/2543859xpkg.22.017.16611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/2543859xpkg.22.017.16611","url":null,"abstract":"W artykule przedstawiono metodę obliczenia emisji gazów cieplarnianych z transportu osobowego w Warszawie na podstawie wyników systematycznie prowadzonego badania ankietowego Barometr Warszawski. Uzyskane wyniki dla roku 2015 porównano do dwóch innych dostępnych oszacowań dla tego okresu. Sumaryczna emisja w przedstawionej metodzie jest bardzo zbliżona do wcześniejszych opracowań i wynosi niewiele ponad 1,4 mln kg CO2eq. Znaczne różnice ujawniają się jednak na poziomie rozbicia na środki transportu – transport indywidualny wydaje się być znacznie przeszacowany, zaś zbiorowy niedoszacowany. W artykule omówiono możliwe źródła różnic oraz przedstawiono rekomendacje mogące prowadzić do zwiększenia wiarygodności prezentowanej metody.\u0000\u0000GHG emissions of pasanger transport in Warsaw based on the Warsaw Barometer data\u0000This paper presents a method for calculating greenhouse gas emissions from passenger transport in Warsaw based on the results of the systematically conducted Warsaw Barometer survey. The results obtained for 2015 were compared to two other available estimates for this period. The total emissions in the presented method are very similar to previous studies and amount to just over 1.4 million kg CO2eq. However, significant differences emerge at the level of the breakdown by mode of transport – individual transport appears to be significantly overestimated, while collective transport appears to be underestimated. The article discusses the possible sources of the differences and makes recommendations that could lead to an increase in the reliability of the method presented.","PeriodicalId":52611,"journal":{"name":"Prace Komisji Geografii Komunikacji PTG","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49108596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ruch rowerowy w Słupsku – uwarunkowania organizacyjne, infrastrukturalne i mobilnościowe","authors":"Adam R. Parol","doi":"10.4467/2543859xpkg.22.016.16610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/2543859xpkg.22.016.16610","url":null,"abstract":"Opracowanie podejmuje tematykę ruchu rowerowego w położonym na Pomorzu ośrodku regionalnym – Słupsku – w ujęciu wieloaspektowym. Niniejszy artykuł jest kompleksowym studium przypadku. Badania oparto na komponencie organizacyjno-infrastrukturalnym, a więc na stanie obecnym oraz procesie rozwoju sieci dróg rowerowych w Słupsku, z uwzględnieniem ich przebiegu w strukturze urbanistycznej i przestrzeni miasta. Wykonano również analizę topologiczną sieci dróg rowerowych w mieście. Odniesiono się do działalności systemu roweru miejskiego oraz wypożyczalni rowerów cargo w 2021 r. Dodatkowo, wskazano szereg przykładów miejsc interesujących i newralgicznych z perspektywy praktyk mobilnościowych w ruchu rowerowym oraz interakcji z innymi uczestnikami ruchu. Badania zostały przeprowadzone na podstawie studiów literatury, analizy danych statystycznych oraz inwentaryzacji terenowej dokonanej przez autora. W końcowej części przedstawiono syntetyczne rekomendacje co do dalszego rozwoju systemu rowerowego Słupska, opierając się na postulatach znanych z literatury przedmiotu oraz środowiska eksperckiego, oficjalnych planach miasta oraz własnych obserwacjach.\u0000\u0000\u0000Cycling in Słupsk – organizational, infrastructural and mobility conditions\u0000\u0000The study deals with the subject of cycling in the regional centre located in Pomerania – Słupsk – in a multifaceted approach. This article is a comprehensive case study. The research was based on the organizational and infrastructural component, i.e. the current state and the process of development of the bicycle path network in Słupsk, taking into account their course in the urban structure and the city space. A topological analysis of the bicycle path network in the city was also performed. The author also referred to the activity of the city bike system and cargo bikes rental in 2021. In addition, a number of examples of interesting places from the perspective of mobility practices in cycling and in interaction with other road users were indicated by the author. The research was carried out on the basis of literature studies, statistical data analysis and field inventory. In the final part, synthetic recommendations for the further development of Słupsk cycling system are presented. They are based on the postulates taken from the literature and experts, official city plans and the author’s own observations.","PeriodicalId":52611,"journal":{"name":"Prace Komisji Geografii Komunikacji PTG","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46922754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Międzygminne połączenia transportem miejskim w zespołach osadniczych poza ośrodkami wojewódzkimi w Polsce","authors":"Tadeusz Bocheński","doi":"10.4467/2543859xpkg.22.013.16607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/2543859xpkg.22.013.16607","url":null,"abstract":"Publiczny transport zbiorowy stanowi najważniejszą usługę publiczną, a jego organizacja jest głównym przedmiotem współpracy w miejskich obszarach funkcjonalnych. Dotychczasowe badania w zakresie jego rozwoju w Polsce dotyczyły głównie największych miast, pomijając mniejsze ośrodki i ich zespoły. Przeprowadzona analiza ma częściowo uzupełnić tę lukę poznawczą. Celem badań było określenie zasięgu i ocena poziomu rozwoju systemów lokalnego transportu zbiorowego w zespołach osadniczych niezwiązanych z ośrodkami wojewódzkimi w Polsce. Interesująca była również odpowiedź na pytanie o zasięg współpracy międzygminnej w tym zakresie na tle wyznaczonych MOF i ZIT. Zidentyfikowano 23 zespoły osadnicze poza ośrodkami wojewódzkimi w Polsce, na terenie których transport miejski obsługiwał połączenia międzymiastowe. Transport miejski w tych zespołach obsługiwał łącznie 141 gmin, w tym 76 miast. Zamieszkiwało je łącznie 3,3 mln osób. Na ich terenie działało ogółem 28 operatorów transportu miejskiego uruchamiających 656 linii komunikacyjnych. Gminy te były w różnym stopniu pokryte siecią połączeń.\u0000\u0000\u0000Inter-communal connections by municipal transport in settlement complexes outside voivodeship centers in Poland\u0000\u0000Collective public transport is the most important public service and its organization is the main focus of cooperation in functional urban areas. So far, research on its development in Poland concerned mainly the largest cities, excluding smaller centers and their complexes. The conducted analysis is to partially fill this cognitive gap. The aim of the research was to determine the range and assessment of the level of development of local collective transport systems in settlement complexes unrelated to voivodeship centers in Poland. The answer to the question about the scope of inter-municipal cooperation in this respect in comparison to the designated FUAs and ITIes was also interesting. The 23 settlement complexes were identified outside voivodship centers in Poland, where urban transport served intercity connections. Urban transport in these complexes was serviced by a total of 141 communes, including 76 cities. They were inhabited by a total of 3,3 million people. There were a total of 28 public transport operators operating in their area, running 656 communication lines. These communes were covered with a network of connections to a different extent.","PeriodicalId":52611,"journal":{"name":"Prace Komisji Geografii Komunikacji PTG","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47448952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Przemiany dworców w miejskiej przestrzeni publicznej. Przykład Kielc","authors":"I. Kiniorska, Patryk Brambert","doi":"10.4467/2543859xpkg.22.014.16608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/2543859xpkg.22.014.16608","url":null,"abstract":"W ostatnich latach zauważa się ożywienie związane ze wzrostem liczby modernizowanych i remontowanych obiektów dworcowych. Na nowo odkrywa się też ich dużą wartość jako obiektów wielofunkcyjnych. W związku z tym celem badań było określenie przemian dworca miejskiego w przestrzeni publicznej na przykładzie takich obiektów zlokalizowanych w Kielcach. Zwrócono głównie uwagę na przekształcenia architektoniczne, przestrzenne i funkcjonalne. Badaniu poddano zmodernizowany w 2020 r. dworzec autobusowy, a także dworzec kolejowy, będący w trakcie modernizacji. Jak ukazano na tych przykładach, główna rola dworców – mimo zastosowania nowoczesnych koncepcji modernizacyjnych – została zachowana. Dworzec autobusowy wkomponowany jest w krajobraz miasta poprzez zachowanie oryginalnej i wyjątkowej kompozycji przestrzennej oraz sylwety gmachu. Powstały układ przestrzenny wzmacnia znaczenie i potencjał funkcji publicznych, a także walorów użytkowych dla podróżnych oraz mieszkańców miasta. W podobnym kierunku zmierza modernizacja kieleckiego dworca kolejowego.\u0000 \u0000\u0000Transformations of stations in urban public space. The example of Kielce\u0000 \u0000In recent years, there has been a revival associated with an increase in the number of modernised and renovated station facilities. Their great value as multifunctional facilities is also being rediscovered. Therefore the aim of the research was to determine the transformations of stations in public space based on the examples of such facilities located in Kielce. Main attention was placed on architectural, spatial and functional transformations. The study covered the bus station modernised in 2020, as well as the railway station which is currently under modernisation. As shown in these examples, the main role of the stations – despite the use of modern refurbishment concepts – has been retained. The bus station is integrated into the city landscape by preserving the original and unique spatial composition and silhouette of the building. The resulting spatial arrangement strengthens the importance and potential of public functions, as well as utility values for travelers and city residents. The modernisation of the Kielce railway station is heading in a similar direction.","PeriodicalId":52611,"journal":{"name":"Prace Komisji Geografii Komunikacji PTG","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49438281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of public transport on regional development in the Trnava self-governing region","authors":"Miroslava Trembošová, Samuel Kohutiar","doi":"10.4467/2543859xpkg.22.007.16265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/2543859xpkg.22.007.16265","url":null,"abstract":"The accessibility of regional centers by public transport in a defined area is a very specific problem. Depending on the organization of public transport, there is a potentially related phenomenon – social transport exclusion. The aim of the study is to express the existence of a relationship between public transport and regional development in the rural self-governing region Trnava. At the same time, we identify municipalities – more precisely areas – with reduced transport accessibility in relation to their regional development and we determine the most advantageous means of public transport for the population who does not have the possibility to use a car. The procedure was to use an electronic database of train and bus timetables to obtain information about the studied characteristics for the return journey during the 24 hours of working days (Tuesday). We found that rail and combined transport have better quality in about half of the region’s municipalities. The Pearson correlation coefficient of product of moments indicated that the value of the correlation between the number of points for public transport and points for regional development is only 0.36, and therefore there is no strong connection between them. However, the individual extreme and average values of these indicators and especially their sub-components have shown us that there is a certain dependence between these values. The results show that despite a lower impact on public transport on regional development, it has a more decisive influence, leading to the strengthening of public transport.","PeriodicalId":52611,"journal":{"name":"Prace Komisji Geografii Komunikacji PTG","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70998809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Daily electricity demand assessment on the example of the Turkish road transport system – a case study of the development of electromobility on highways","authors":"H. Coban, W. Lewicki","doi":"10.4467/2543859xpkg.22.011.16269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/2543859xpkg.22.011.16269","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to investigate how the daily electricity demand from road transport related to the implementation of an electric road system on the eight roads with the highest traffic flow connecting the seven largest cities in Turkey varies according to time and location. Intercity highway route O-7, O-5, O-21, D715, D687, E96, and E87 in Western Turkey was used as a case study. The daily electricity demand on the eight roads working on the full electrification of the existing traffic flow can be increased by 3.7% in the case of the reference point. However, if all roads in Turkey are converted to an electric road system and all land vehicles use this system, the corresponding peak power increase will be 100%. The daily electricity demand along the roads is derived from the available measuring points for the daily road traffic volumes. The study also compares the CO₂ reduction potentials and energy demands of the electrified road system with the use of fossil fuels to achieve the same transportation volume. The results show that an electric road system application on eight Turkish roads with considerable traffic flow can reduce 18.8 million tons of CO₂ emissions from the road transport sector. The research can find practical application in assessing the validity of developing a strategy for the development of electromobility on highways in Turkey.","PeriodicalId":52611,"journal":{"name":"Prace Komisji Geografii Komunikacji PTG","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47259974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}