European Review of Latin American and Caribbean Studies最新文献

{"title":"Taxation and incarceration in Guatemala: Prisons, protection rackets, and citizenship","authors":"Anthony Wayne Fontes","doi":"10.32992/erlacs.10984","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32992/erlacs.10984","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores the making of carceral citizenship in Guatemala through an ethnographic analysis of la talacha – informal prison taxation schemes. Taxation is a key technology of citizenship. Tax enforcement mechanisms, the distribution of tax burdens, citizens’ willingness to pay, and their expectations of what they should get in return all make taxation an essential lens through which to understand state formation and citizens’ perceptions of and relations with one another. In Guatemala, where organized crime competes with and subsumes state institutions in ways that profoundly impact everyone, the state is only one of many entities claiming the right to tax, at turns competing and colluding with its underworld. These blurred dynamics are hyper-distilled in the country’s prison system, where state-prisoner networks tax the imprisoned population in the name of collective survival and elite profits. Based on extended ethnographic fieldwork behind bars, I show how la talacha sets the terms of carceral citizenship by organizing prisoner-state co-governance, reifying the prison’s socioeconomic hierarchies, and shaping inmates' relationships with the world beyond the prison. \u0000Resumen: Fiscalidad y encarcelaciones en Guatemala: Prisiones, extorsiones y ciudadanía\u0000Este artículo explora la construcción de la ciudadanía carcelaria en Guatemala a través de un análisis etnográfico de la talacha: esquema informal de tributación carcelaria. La fiscalidad es una tecnología clave de la ciudadanía. Los mecanismos de aplicación de impuestos, la distribución de las cargas fiscales, la disposición de los ciudadanos a pagar y sus expectativas de lo que deberían obtener a cambio hacen de la fiscalidad una lente esencial a través de la cual entender la formación del Estado y las percepciones de los ciudadanos y las relaciones entre ellos. En Guatemala, donde el crimen organizado compite con las instituciones estatales y las subsume en formas que afectan profundamente a todos, el Estado es sólo una de las muchas entidades que reclaman el derecho a tributar, compitiendo y confabulando a su vez con el hampa. Estas dinámicas difusas se hiperdestilan en el sistema penitenciario del país, donde las redes entre el Estado y los presos gravan a la población reclusa en nombre de la supervivencia colectiva y los beneficios de las élites. Basándome en un extenso trabajo de campo etnográfico entre rejas, muestro cómo la talacha establece los términos de la ciudadanía carcelaria organizando el cogobierno entre presos y Estado, reificando las jerarquías socioeconómicas de la prisión y configurando las relaciones de los reclusos con el mundo más allá de la cárcel.","PeriodicalId":52452,"journal":{"name":"European Review of Latin American and Caribbean Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138974086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Citizenship regimes in Brazilian prisons: Hybrid, unjust and weak","authors":"Jean Daudelin, José Luiz Ratton","doi":"10.32992/erlacs.11118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32992/erlacs.11118","url":null,"abstract":"For Brazilian inmates, prisons are mostly spaces of rights denial, above and beyond their formal condemnations. Most, nonetheless, still enjoy some rights. This paper examines the modalities of allocation and the range of those rights. It understands citizenship as a bundle of rights whose scope and quality are determined by the terms of the bargains through which those rights are allocated. These bundles, together with the governance arrangements that define and enforce them are in turn understood as citizenship regimes. The paper examines three regimes that are common in male Brazilian prisons: one regime that is fully controlled by the state, and two that are hybrid, involving both state authorities and, in one instance, criminal organizations (factions), and in the other, chosen inmates (keyholders or chaveiros) who are vested of governance authority by prison administrators. The overall system they conform is a composite of state and non-state rights enforcement arrangements. The allocation of rights it produces is deeply unequal. And the range and quality of the rights enjoyed by the vast majority of inmates is narrow and poor.  \u0000Resumen:                Regímenes ciudadanos en las cárceles brasileñas: Híbridos, injustos y débiles \u0000Para los presos brasileños, las cárceles son sobre todo espacios de negación de derechos, más allá de sus condenas formales. No obstante, la mayoría sigue disfrutando de algunos derechos. Este trabajo examina las modalidades de asignación y alcance de esos derechos. Se entiende la ciudadanía como un conjunto de derechos cuyo alcance y calidad vienen determinados por los términos de los acuerdos a través de los cuales se asignan dichos derechos. Estos conjuntos, junto con los mecanismos de gobernanza que los definen y hacen cumplir, se entienden a su vez como regímenes de ciudadanía. El documento examina tres regímenes comunes en las prisiones brasileñas masculinas: un régimen totalmente controlado por el Estado y dos regímenes híbridos, en los que participan tanto las autoridades estatales como, en un caso, organizaciones delictivas (facciones) y, en el otro, reclusos elegidos (chaveiros) a los que los administradores de la prisión confieren autoridad para gobernar. El sistema global que conforman es una combinación de mecanismos estatales y no estatales de aplicación de los derechos. La asignación de derechos que produce es profundamente desigual mientras que la gama y calidad de los derechos de que disfruta la inmensa mayoría de los reclusos es limitada y deficiente. ","PeriodicalId":52452,"journal":{"name":"European Review of Latin American and Caribbean Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138971574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Latin American foreign policies in the new world order: The active non-alignment option","authors":"Carsten-Andreas Schulz","doi":"10.32992/erlacs.11004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32992/erlacs.11004","url":null,"abstract":"Latin American foreign policies in the new world order: The active non-alignment option, edited by Carlos Fortin, Jorge Heine, and Carlos Ominami, Anthem Press, 2023","PeriodicalId":52452,"journal":{"name":"European Review of Latin American and Caribbean Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138971053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carceral citizenship in Puerto Rico: Self-help and punishment","authors":"Caroline Mary Parker","doi":"10.32992/erlacs.10979","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32992/erlacs.10979","url":null,"abstract":"The predominant criminological view of ‘carceral citizenship’ takes citizenship as a purely juridical matter, overlooking key social dimensions of citizenship as a human practice. To understand how the carceral turn is reconfiguring citizenship in Puerto Rico, I explore how formerly incarcerated people carve out a place for themselves in Puerto Rican society under the shadow of the prison. Focusing on one couple and their efforts to operate a therapeutic community, I show how self-help supplies a subset of former prisoners with a publicly recognized form of social belonging. Though more stable and encompassing than the stigmatized exile that awaits many people returning from prison, this carceral citizenship invites formerly incarcerated people to assume critical roles in the confinement, punishment, and care of people convicted of drug offences. Overall, this article highlights how self-help and punishment have emerged as intertwined mediums through which formerly incarcerated people assert their citizenship. \u0000Resumen: Ciudadanía carcelaria en Puerto Rico: Autoayuda y castigo\u0000La visión criminológica predominante de la “ciudadanía carcelaria” considera la ciudadanía como una cuestión puramente jurídica, obviando dimensiones sociales clave de la ciudadanía como la práctica humana. Para entender cómo el giro carcelario está reconfigurando la ciudadanía en Puerto Rico, exploro cómo las personas excarceladas se hacen un hueco en la sociedad puertorriqueña bajo la sombra de la prisión. Centrándome en una pareja y sus esfuerzos por gestionar una comunidad terapéutica, muestro cómo la autoayuda proporciona una forma de pertenencia social públicamente reconocida a un subconjunto de ex reclusos. Aunque más estable y abarcadora que el exilio estigmatizado que espera a muchas personas que regresan de la cárcel, esta ciudadanía carcelaria invita a personas anteriormente encarceladas a asumir funciones críticas en el confinamiento, castigo y cuidado de personas condenadas por delitos de drogas. En general, este artículo destaca cómo la autoayuda y el castigo han surgido como medios entrelazados a través de los cuales las personas excarceladas afirman su ciudadanía.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":52452,"journal":{"name":"European Review of Latin American and Caribbean Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139009341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cosechar para el mundo, pastar para la región. Una historia de globalización en los Montes de María (1850-1917)","authors":"M. Baud","doi":"10.32992/erlacs.11020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32992/erlacs.11020","url":null,"abstract":"Cosechar para el mundo, pastar para la región. Una historia de globalización en los Montes de María (1850-1917), by Santiago Colmenares Guerra, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 2023","PeriodicalId":52452,"journal":{"name":"European Review of Latin American and Caribbean Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44880835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of Unraveling Time: Thirty Years of Ethnography in Cuenca, Ecuador","authors":"Christien Klaufus","doi":"10.32992/erlacs.11012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32992/erlacs.11012","url":null,"abstract":"Unraveling Time: Thirty Years of Ethnography in Cuenca, Ecuador, by Ann Miles, Texas University Press, 2022","PeriodicalId":52452,"journal":{"name":"European Review of Latin American and Caribbean Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136261173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of The Muslims of Latin America and the Caribbean","authors":"T. Mota","doi":"10.32992/erlacs.11011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32992/erlacs.11011","url":null,"abstract":"The Muslims of Latin America and the Caribbean, by Ken Chitwood, Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2021","PeriodicalId":52452,"journal":{"name":"European Review of Latin American and Caribbean Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47535348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Building blocks for a new paradigm? State-making, society and violence in twentieth-century Mexico","authors":"W. Pansters","doi":"10.32992/erlacs.11017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32992/erlacs.11017","url":null,"abstract":"– Unrevolutionary Mexico. The Birth of a Strange Dictatorship, by Paul Gillingham, Yale University Press, 2021. \u0000– Agrarian Revolt in the Sierra of Chihuahua, 1959-1965, by Elizabeth Henson, University of Arizona Press, 2019. \u0000– In the Vortex of Violence. Lynching, Extralegal Justice, and the State in Post-Revolutionary Mexico, by Gema Kloppe-Santamaría, University of California Press, 2020. \u0000– Unintended Lessons of Revolution. Student Teachers and Political Radicalism in Twentieth-Century Mexico, by Tanalís Padilla, Duke University Press, 2021. \u0000– [Tiempo suspendido]. Una historia de la desaparición forzada en México, 1940-1980, by Camilo Vicente Ovalle, Bonilla Artigas Editores, 2019.","PeriodicalId":52452,"journal":{"name":"European Review of Latin American and Caribbean Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42580646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of Street matters: A critical history of 20th-century urban policy in Brazil","authors":"João Tonucci","doi":"10.32992/erlacs.10999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32992/erlacs.10999","url":null,"abstract":"Street matters: A critical history of 20th-century urban policy in Brazil, by Fernando Luiz Lara, Ana Paula Koury. University of Pittsburgh Press, 2022","PeriodicalId":52452,"journal":{"name":"European Review of Latin American and Caribbean Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43523963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of Latin American guerrilla movements. Origins, evolution, outcomes","authors":"Håvar Solheim","doi":"10.32992/erlacs.11001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32992/erlacs.11001","url":null,"abstract":"Latin American guerrilla movements. Origins, evolution, outcomes, by Dirk Kruijt, Eduardo Rey Tristán, Alberto Martín Álvarez. Routledge, 2020","PeriodicalId":52452,"journal":{"name":"European Review of Latin American and Caribbean Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42613533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}