{"title":"CREOL Advances Light as the Gateway to Technological Advances","authors":"Chris Boylan","doi":"10.1002/msid.1503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/msid.1503","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>THE UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL FLORIDA'S (UCF) CENTER FOR RESEARCH IN</b> Optics and Lasers (CREOL) program has come a long way since its first incarnation in a double-wide trailer in 1987. The center became a college in its own right in 2004, still under the auspices of UCF, and it has attracted some of the best and brightest minds in optics and photonics.</p><p>In 2023, UCF was named one of the world's top 25 universities for optics, recognizing the CREOL program specifically for excellence in research. The CREOL program has uncovered many previously unknown properties of the materials used in optical and display devices. Its researchers have gone on to invent and implement many practical applications within the visual display industry, from head-up displays in cars to ultrahigh-resolution screens used in virtual reality (VR) headsets, to more traditional consumer and commercial LCD panels and projection systems.</p><p>CREOL offers an interdisciplinary undergraduate program as well as graduate programs that lead to MS or PhD degrees in optics and photonics. Optics usually refers to light propagation in a medium, such as air, water, lenses, prisms, or mirrors. As a result of this propagation, the light could be scattered, absorbed, focused, refracted, or reflected. Some familiar natural optical phenomena include rainbows and the color of the sky as light reflects and refracts through our atmosphere. In scientific terms, a common research area in optics is the “nonlinear effect,” where the intensity of transmitted light does not correspond precisely to measured light in a system.</p><p>Photonics, also known as optoelectronics, usually refers to light generation, propagation, and detection. Some common examples of light generation include light bulbs, LED elements, and lasers. Different forms of generated light could propagate in vacuum for space communications, in fibers for long-haul data communications, in an assembly of lenses and mirrors for a projection system, or in a light guide plate for display applications. The science and study of photonics normally involves equipment such as detectors, power meters, and image sensors. Although optics and photonics both deal with light and its properties, the areas of focus can be quite different, depending on whether the component is passive or active.</p><p>CREOL currently has approximately 35 faculty members, 30 postdocs, 100 graduate students, and 100 undergraduate students. Its research can be roughly grouped into five clusters: lasers; nonlinear and quantum optics; fiber optics; optoelectronics and integrated photonics; and imaging, sensing, and displays. All students are encouraged to participate in research. Some undergraduate students stay to continue their advanced degree at CREOL (<b>Fig</b>. 1).</p><p>As with many institutions, funding is an important pillar of CREOL's continued success. The college's annual operating budget is ∼$20–$25 million, with funding received from a diverse blend o","PeriodicalId":52450,"journal":{"name":"Information Display","volume":"40 4","pages":"34-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/msid.1503","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141631209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Display Week 2024 Highlights","authors":"Editorial Staff","doi":"10.1002/msid.1501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/msid.1501","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>As display industry visionaries gather from around the world, Display Week offers a unique opportunity to discuss and exhibit the best in new technologies.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":52450,"journal":{"name":"Information Display","volume":"40 4","pages":"23-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/msid.1501","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141631206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Avegant Spotlight: Developing Segmented Illumination for LCoS","authors":"Andrew Gross, Edward Tang","doi":"10.1002/msid.1499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/msid.1499","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Spotlight adaptive LED illumination architecture demonstrates a level of uniformity that is acceptable for AR applications with minimal lane visibility between LED segments.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":52450,"journal":{"name":"Information Display","volume":"40 4","pages":"13-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/msid.1499","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141631228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Daily Wear AR Glasses: Key Breakthroughs Set the Stage for Consumer Acceptance","authors":"Nathan Yang, Justin Zhang","doi":"10.1002/msid.1500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/msid.1500","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>As the resolution of microLED panels increases, their display engines will be used for larger FoV and immersive AR glasses.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":52450,"journal":{"name":"Information Display","volume":"40 4","pages":"19-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/msid.1500","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141631152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Journal of the Society for Information Display","authors":"Abhishek Kumar Srivastava","doi":"10.1002/msid.1507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/msid.1507","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Following the success of Display Week 2024, the May issue (volume 32, issue 5) of the <i>Journal of the Society for Information Displays</i> (<i>JSID</i>) presents 28 expanded Distinguished Papers from the conference. The forthcoming issues of <i>JSID</i> will host the best of the International Display Workshops (IDW) 2023 and International Conference on Display Technology (ICDT) 2024.</p><p>July and September 2024 will feature special issues on augmented, virtual, and mixed reality (AR/VR/MR) and quantum dots (QDs) and their application in displays, respectively.</p><p>Visit the <i>JSID</i> website and read the latest exciting display-related research. https://sid.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/19383657</p><p>The authors from the Display Research Center of Samsung Display, demonstrated an all-inkjet-printed 12.4-inch 182-ppi full-color QD-LED. They used Cd-free QDs with red and green indium phosphide (InP) and a blue zinc selenide with tellurium (ZnSeTe) core and optimal control of ink formulation. The authors found that ligands are important in ink formulation and printing. Dual ligands especially enhance colloidal stability and carrier transport properties.</p><p><b>An activematrix microLED display based on monolithic integration with IGZO backplane</b> | Oliver Durnan <i>et al</i>. | https://doi.org/10.1002/jsid.1299</p><p><b>4670-PPI OLEDoS pixel circuit design for wide data voltage range in a 5 V 0.13 μm CMOS process</b> | Hyeon-Jun Shin <i>et al</i>. | https://doi.org/10.1002/jsid.1280</p><p><b>Special Issue:</b></p>","PeriodicalId":52450,"journal":{"name":"Information Display","volume":"40 4","pages":"43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/msid.1507","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141631148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Great Time to Get Away","authors":"Stephen P. Atwood","doi":"10.1002/msid.1495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/msid.1495","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>July is a great time to relax and reflect. It is the midpoint of the summer. It is also the halfway point for many fiscal calendars. Use the opportunity to look back on new year's resolutions or those grand business plans and check your score. Are you on track for your professional development? Is that new product launch going as planned? These are important things to monitor, but it is also important to monitor your vacation score.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":52450,"journal":{"name":"Information Display","volume":"40 4","pages":"3-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/msid.1495","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141631151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Liquid Crystal Technologies for Augmented and Mixed Reality Displays","authors":"Lu Lu, Junren Wang","doi":"10.1002/msid.1498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/msid.1498","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>While LC display technologies have deep roots in augmented, virtual, and mixed realities, LC optics is emerging as a pivotal area within AR/VR/MR optics and the display community.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":52450,"journal":{"name":"Information Display","volume":"40 4","pages":"7-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/msid.1498","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141631227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Expanding Initiatives and Participation","authors":"Ioannis (John) Kymissis","doi":"10.1002/msid.1496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/msid.1496","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This year's Display Week was the largest in-person SID event with more than 8,500 participants. It included a broad range of exhibitors, papers, posters, demonstrations, special events, tutorials, seminars, awards, and keynotes. With so much going on, it was impossible to do and see everything!</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":52450,"journal":{"name":"Information Display","volume":"40 4","pages":"5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/msid.1496","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141631233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Display Industry Ready for New EU Cadmium Regulations","authors":"Glen Dickson","doi":"10.1002/msid.1504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/msid.1504","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>IN LATE MAY, THE EUROPEAN UNION (EU) TIGHTENED ITS</b> restrictions on the use of the toxic metal cadmium in electronic devices, updating a rule that had been in place since 2017. But the new EU regulations should not have a big impact on the display business, say industry insiders, as most manufacturers are already building products on a global basis that comply with the new limits.</p><p>Cadmium first made its way into displays over a decade ago in the production of quantum dots (QDs), semiconductor crystals that generate different colors when subjected to light or electricity depending on their size. QDs, which also can be made from other materials such as indium phosphide, are widely used to perform color conversion in LCD displays by “downshifting” white or blue light from an LED backlight to red or green. The result is vivid color reproduction, including high dynamic range (HDR) with wide color gamut.</p><p>Cadmium also is one of the elements and compounds regulated by the European Commission (EC, the EU's executive arm) through its Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) rules, which began in 2006 to limit the use of hazardous chemicals in consumer electronics. The RoHS rules (specifically Directive 2011/65/EU) govern the use of substances such as lead and mercury and generally set limits on a parts-per-million (ppm) basis. The limit for lead and mercury in a “homogenous part” is 1,000 ppm, for example, while cadmium is set at 100 ppm.</p><p>Exemptions to the RoHS rules are possible if a strong argument can be made for using a restricted material over a substitute, such as significant performance, efficiency, or related environmental benefit (e.g., less electricity consumption). Such exemption requests usually are evaluated by an outside party, which then makes a recommendation to the EC.</p><p>Cadmium has been used in lighting and displays under such an exemption (Exemption 39), which was granted by the EC in 2011 after a lengthy evaluation and recommendation by the Oeko Institute in Germany. At the time, QDs based on cadmium selenide were far more efficient and reliable than any alternative and were being developed for use in encapsulating films by companies such as 3M. The EC granted an exemption allowing “10 micrograms of cadmium per square millimeter of light-emitting area,” or 10 grams per square meter, which is roughly the size of a 65-inch TV.</p><p>While the units were different, this worked out to be much more cadmium than the standard 100 ppm limit under RoHS, said Peter Palomaki, owner and chief scientist at Palomaki Consulting. In 2017, the exemption was subsequently modified with Exemption 39(a) to allow only 0.2 micrograms per square millimeter (or 0.2 grams per square meter) of light-emitting area. Palomaki concedes that the differing units of measurement in the EU rules can be confusing.</p><p>“The 0.2 grams per unit area, per square meter, is basically saying how much you can use over the whole screen area, which","PeriodicalId":52450,"journal":{"name":"Information Display","volume":"40 4","pages":"37-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/msid.1504","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141631210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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