Western Birds最新文献_第10页

Sierra Nevada Willow Flycatcher Decline Continues but Losses Abate at Two Restored Meadows 内华达山脉的柳树捕蝇器数量继续下降，但在两个恢复的草地上损失减少

Western Birds Pub Date : 2022-02-01 DOI: 10.21199/wb53.1.5

Helen L. Loffland, Lynn N. Schofield, R. Siegel, B. Christman

{"title":"Sierra Nevada Willow Flycatcher Decline Continues but Losses Abate at Two Restored Meadows","authors":"Helen L. Loffland, Lynn N. Schofield, R. Siegel, B. Christman","doi":"10.21199/wb53.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21199/wb53.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii) populations have been declining across the western United States for decades. The Sierra Nevada–southern Cascades population in California is especially vulnerable, with fewer than 200 pairs remaining. Hydrologic restoration has been recommended for conserving this population. Other riparian songbirds have increased in response to restoration, but little is known about how restoration has affected the Willow Flycatcher. The Little Truckee River has long been a stronghold for the Willow Flycatcher, and the demography of the population there was studied intensively from the late 1990s through 2010. Baseline data from that study provided an opportunity to gauge the species’ response to pond-and-plug restoration projects completed at two meadows within the study area in 2009 and 2010. We aggregated and analyzed data from Willow Flycatcher surveys from 1997 through 2019 at the two restored meadows as well as nine nearby unrestored meadows with at least two Willow Flycatcher territories at some time during the demographic study. At most meadows, the number and density of Willow Flycatcher territories declined over the two-decade study period. However, losses at the unrestored meadows were significantly greater than at the restored meadows, where territory density clearly did not collapse following the disturbance caused by restoration and then remained largely stable thereafter. Within large meadows already occupied by Willow Flycatchers, meadow restoration that restores hydrologic function and increases flooding over creekbanks may be an effective strategy for stabilizing declining Willow Flycatcher populations in the Sierra Nevada.","PeriodicalId":52426,"journal":{"name":"Western Birds","volume":"109 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88487662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

First Specimen of the Nazca Booby (Sula granti) for the State of Baja California, Mexico 墨西哥下加利福尼亚州纳斯卡鲣鸟(苏拉·格兰蒂)的第一个标本

Western Birds Pub Date : 2022-02-01 DOI: 10.21199/wb53.1.7

J. Vargas, Liliana Ortíz-Serrato, César Iván Manríquez-Castro, G. Ruiz-Campos

引用次数: 0

Northern Cardinal Nesting in Wyoming 在怀俄明州筑巢的北红衣主教

Western Birds Pub Date : 2022-02-01 DOI: 10.21199/wb53.1.8

R. Dorn, J. L. Dorn, Calvin E. Dyer

引用次数: 0

Merlin Parental Behavior and Chick Development as Revealed by Webcam 网络摄像头显示的梅林父母行为和雏鸟发育

Western Birds Pub Date : 2022-02-01 DOI: 10.21199/wb53.1.1

L. Oliphant, I. Warkentin, Kelly Kozij, Adam Schmidt

{"title":"Merlin Parental Behavior and Chick Development as Revealed by Webcam","authors":"L. Oliphant, I. Warkentin, Kelly Kozij, Adam Schmidt","doi":"10.21199/wb53.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21199/wb53.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Previous knowledge of the Merlin’s (Falco columbarius) nesting behavior was based on observation from the ground or data recorded during nest checks. Similarly, descriptions of chicks’ behavioral development were restricted to studies of captive birds. We used a webcam to observe adult Prairie Merlins (F. c. richardsonii) and their four young on an artificial nest platform located in Weyburn, Saskatchewan, from 25 April to 22 July 2020. Our observations extended from prior to egg-laying until 12 days after fledging, being most intensive after hatching. Activities revealed by the webcam largely confirmed previous ground-based observations and studies involving either nest visits or captive rearing. Eggs were laid at roughly 2-day intervals followed by a 30-day incubation period and a 31-day nestling period. The female dominated activity at the nest until the chicks achieved homeothermy (7–10 days after hatching); the male was seldom seen except when delivering prey to the female. The female stopped brooding chicks during the night after day 14 and during daylight on day 16. The male began bringing food directly to the chicks starting 17 days after hatching. The chicks’ development matched published reports with constant competition for food among chicks but also apparent efforts by the adult female to ensure that each chick received sufficient food. The webcam enabled us to gather more detailed information about the Merlin’s behavior at the nest than previously possible and provided an opportunity for citizen science involving a common but little studied falcon.","PeriodicalId":52426,"journal":{"name":"Western Birds","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88031517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Do Attributes of Gray Vireo Nest Sites Influence Brown-headed Cowbird Brood Parasitism? 灰鸟巢址的属性是否影响褐头牛鹂的幼虫寄生?

Western Birds Pub Date : 2022-02-01 DOI: 10.21199/wb53.1.4

Joseph F. Di Liberto, Maya R. Stahl, Silas E. Fischer, Kathy A. Granillo

引用次数: 0

Notes on the Breeding Biology of the Hooded Grosbeak (Coccothraustes abeillei) 冠鼻长喙(Coccothraustes abeillei)的繁殖生物学研究

Western Birds Pub Date : 2022-02-01 DOI: 10.21199/wb53.1.6

R. Erickson, R. Valdes

引用次数: 0

Acknowledgment to Reviewers of Birds in 2021 2021年向《鸟类》评审者致谢

Western Birds Pub Date : 2022-01-30 DOI: 10.3390/birds3010005

引用次数: 0

Artificial Light at Night, Higher Brain Functions and Associated Neuronal Changes: An Avian Perspective 夜间人造光，高级脑功能和相关神经元变化:鸟类视角

Western Birds Pub Date : 2022-01-21 DOI: 10.3390/birds3010003

S. T. Taufique

{"title":"Artificial Light at Night, Higher Brain Functions and Associated Neuronal Changes: An Avian Perspective","authors":"S. T. Taufique","doi":"10.3390/birds3010003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/birds3010003","url":null,"abstract":"In recent times, there has been an unprecedented increase in usage of electrical lightning. This has led to increase in artificial light at night (ALAN), and it has been suggested as a source of environmental pollution. ALAN exposure has been reported to be associated with disruption of daily rhythms and serious health consequences, such as immune, metabolic, and cognitive dysfunctions in both birds and mammals. Given the worldwide pervasiveness of ALAN, this research topic is also important from an ecological perspective. In birds, daily timings and appropriate temporal niches are important for fitness and survival. Daily rhythms in a wide array of functions are regulated by the circadian clock(s) and endogenous oscillators present in the body. There is accumulating evidence that exposure to ALAN disrupts clock-regulated daily rhythms and suppresses melatonin and sleep in birds. Circadian clock, melatonin, and sleep regulate avian cognitive performance. However, there is limited research on this topic, and most of the insights on the adverse effects of ALAN on cognitive functions are from behavioural studies. Nevertheless, these results raise an intriguing question about the molecular underpinning of the ALAN-induced negative consequences on brain functions. Further research should be focused on the molecular links between ALAN and cognitive performance, including the role of melatonin, which could shed light on the mechanism by which ALAN exposures lead to negative consequences.","PeriodicalId":52426,"journal":{"name":"Western Birds","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87813950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Executive Functions in Birds 鸟类的执行功能

Western Birds Pub Date : 2022-01-20 DOI: 10.20944/preprints202201.0314.v1

Katarzyna Bobrowicz, Samuel Greiff

引用次数: 3

Why Do Birds False Alarm Flight? 为什么鸟类会虚惊一场?

Western Birds Pub Date : 2021-12-29 DOI: 10.3390/birds3010002

M. Root-Bernstein

{"title":"Why Do Birds False Alarm Flight?","authors":"M. Root-Bernstein","doi":"10.3390/birds3010002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/birds3010002","url":null,"abstract":"False alarm flighting in avian flocks is common, and has been explained as a maladaptive information cascade. If false alarm flighting is maladaptive per se, then its frequency can only be explained by it being net adaptive in relation to some other benefit or equilibrium. However, I argue that natural selection cannot distinguish between false and true alarm flights that have similar energetic costs, opportunity costs, and outcomes. False alarm flighting cannot be maladaptive if natural selection cannot perceive the difference between true and false alarm flighting. Rather, the question to answer is what false and true alarm flighting both have in common that is adaptive per se. The fire drill hypothesis of alarm flighting posits that false alarm flights are an adaptive investment in practicing escape. The fire drill hypothesis predicts that all individuals can benefit from practicing escape, particularly juveniles. Flighting practice could improve recognition of and response time to alarm flighting signals, could compensate for inter-individual and within-day weight differences, and could aid the development of adaptive escape tactics. Mixed-age flocks with many juveniles are expected to false alarm flight more than adult flocks. Flocks that inhabit complex terrain should gain less from escape practice and should false alarm flight less. Behavioural ecology framings can be fruitfully complemented by other research traditions of learning and behaviour that are more focused on maturation and motor learning processes.","PeriodicalId":52426,"journal":{"name":"Western Birds","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80615522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1