Infezioni in Medicina最新文献

{"title":"Vertebral osteomyelitis due to <i>Lactobacillus paracasei</i> in a diabetic patient. A case report and literature review.","authors":"Giuliana Carrega,&nbsp;Barbara Ricciardi,&nbsp;Valentina Bartolacci,&nbsp;Sabrina Brenci,&nbsp;Manuela Izzo,&nbsp;Patrizia Morelli,&nbsp;Stefania Tigano,&nbsp;Giovanni Riccio","doi":"10.53854/liim-3103-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53854/liim-3103-13","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Staphylococci are the most frequent cause of vertebral osteomyelitis, but infections due to unusual pathogens are also reported. We describe a rare case of spondylodiscitis due to <i>Lactobacillus paracasei</i>. A 74-year-old diabetic male was evaluated for fever and back pain. Blood cultures and vertebral biopsy were positive for <i>Lactobacillus paracasei</i>. He often took laxatives and probiotics for chronic constipation. After target treatment the patient improved but he died for a heart attack two months after the end of the treatment. Although <i>Lactobacillus paracasei</i> is usually not pathogenic, sepsis is described in immunocompromised patients while vertebral osteomyelitis is rare.</p>","PeriodicalId":52423,"journal":{"name":"Infezioni in Medicina","volume":"31 3","pages":"394-398"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10495059/pdf/1124-9390_31_3_2023_394-398.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10589103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A case of histological diagnosis of <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> myositis in a person living with HIV.","authors":"Ilaria De Benedetto,&nbsp;Francesco Biagini,&nbsp;Guido Urbano,&nbsp;Tiziana Enrica Mongini,&nbsp;Ilaria Cassetta,&nbsp;Luca Scaglione,&nbsp;Antonio Curtoni,&nbsp;Guido Calleri,&nbsp;Andrea Calcagno,&nbsp;Francesco Giuseppe De Rosa,&nbsp;Silvia Corcione","doi":"10.53854/liim-3103-16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53854/liim-3103-16","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We report the case of a 58-year-old male with a recent diagnosis of HIV infection admitted for progressive muscular weakness and psychomotor impairment. Cerebrospinal examination documented a mild hyperproteinorrachia, with normal cells count and reduced glycorrhachia. Brain gadolinium-enhanced MRI showed bilateral T2 and FLAIR hyperintensities in the nucleo-capsular region and irregular contrast-enhancement of the <i>globi pallidi</i> and the right putamen. The histologic analysis of a quadriceps biopsy showed several foci of inflammatory infiltrates with concomitant muscular fiber atrophy and degeneration. Scattered intracytoplasmic inclusions were observed in muscle fibers, representing the main pathological feature. A positive PCR for <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> and a <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> specific monoclonal antibody immunohistochemical staining confirmed the diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":52423,"journal":{"name":"Infezioni in Medicina","volume":"31 3","pages":"407-410"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10495058/pdf/1124-9390_31_3_2023_407-410.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10589110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolution of <i>Plasmodium vivax</i> and resistance patterns for infection based on Duffy genotype and phenotype.","authors":"Yelson Alejandro Picón-Jaimes,&nbsp;Ivan David Lozada-Martinez,&nbsp;María Camila Forero Buelvas,&nbsp;Andrés Felipe Ardila Sarmiento,&nbsp;Gustavo Adolfo Serrano Baez,&nbsp;Deilly Yohana Nazareno Erazo,&nbsp;José Daniel Cuastumal Martínez,&nbsp;Franklin Kevin Ruiz-Gutierrez,&nbsp;Victor Daniel Carreño Barrera","doi":"10.53854/liim-3103-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53854/liim-3103-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Duffy protein, a transmembrane molecule, acts as a receptor for various chemokines and facilitates binding between reticulocytes and the <i>Plasmodium</i> Duffy antigen binding protein. Duffy expression is associated with the Duffy chemokine receptor antigen genotype on chromosome 1 and exhibits variation across different geographic regions. Traditionally, the Duffy negative genotype and phenotype have been described to confer a certain level of protection against infection and symptom development. However, recent data suggest a shift in this behavior, with significantly higher prevalence observed in individuals with Duffy negative genotype or phenotype. Given that malaria is an endemic vector-borne disease in regions of Asia, Africa, and Latin America, posing a substantial global burden of disease and prioritizing public and global health, identifying evolutionary changes in infection and resistance patterns holds great importance for the design of strategies and reevaluation of conventional interventions. Hence, the aim of this review was to analyze the evolution of <i>Plasmodium vivax</i> and infection resistance patterns based on Duffy genotype and phenotype. The distribution of genotypes, phenotypes, and polymorphisms of <i>P. vivax</i> ligands and erythrocyte receptors varies geographically, notably resistance patterns of this microorganism in individuals with Duffy negative genotype and phenotype have significantly changed compared to studies conducted 30 years ago. The prevalence of vivax malaria in individuals with a Duffy negative status can reach up to 100%. Consequently, prioritizing research on this topic is essential for public health.</p>","PeriodicalId":52423,"journal":{"name":"Infezioni in Medicina","volume":"31 3","pages":"350-358"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10495050/pdf/1124-9390_31_3_2023_350-358.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10295049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dark Brown Urine in a Patient Treated With Cefiderocol.","authors":"Tommaso Lupia,&nbsp;Elena Salvador,&nbsp;Silvia Corcione,&nbsp;Francesco Giuseppe De Rosa","doi":"10.53854/liim-3102-16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53854/liim-3102-16","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52423,"journal":{"name":"Infezioni in Medicina","volume":"31 2","pages":"265-267"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10241398/pdf/1124-9390_31_1_2023_265-267.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9644581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chagas disease in Italy: an update of epidemiological studies.","authors":"Spinello Antinori,&nbsp;Andrea Giacomelli,&nbsp;Federico Sabaini,&nbsp;Giacomo Casalini,&nbsp;Anna Lisa Ridolfo","doi":"10.53854/liim-3103-18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53854/liim-3103-18","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52423,"journal":{"name":"Infezioni in Medicina","volume":"31 3","pages":"421-424"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10495057/pdf/1124-9390_31_3_2023_421-424.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10589108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antivirals for the treatment of Monkeypox: utilization in the general and HIV-positive population and gaps for research. A short narrative review.","authors":"Daniel Toshkov Ivanov,&nbsp;Yoanna Andreeva Slabakova,&nbsp;Radka Mladenova Argirova,&nbsp;Trifon Kostadinov Valkov","doi":"10.53854/liim-3102-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53854/liim-3102-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Monkeypox (Mpox) is an emerging viral disease caused by the monkeypox virus (MPXV), a double-stranded DNA virus member of the genus Orthopoxvirus, first reported in humans in 1970. Since May 2022, a global spread of the infection has occurred that the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a public health emergency. In view of the global threat, efforts have been devoted to bolstering the disease spread as well as identifying viable therapeutic modalities. People living with HIV may be at an increased risk of adverse outcomes and may require antiviral treatment. With regard to antiretroviral drugs agents, the anticipated adverse drug reactions do not preclude the co-administration of combined antiretroviral therapy and antivirals for mpox. More data on treatment recommendations and efficacy in patients with immunodeficiency due to HIV is needed. In this review, tecovirimat, cidofovir and brincidofovir - antiviral agents with activity against MPXV and other Orthopoxviruses are reviewed, their utilization in vulnerable patient groups affected by mpox such as people living with HIV and possible gaps for future research. Tecovirimat is an inhibitor of the Orthopoxvirus VP37 envelope wrapping protein thus rendering enveloped virus formation impossible. Cidofovir and its prodrug brincidofovir interfere with DNA synthesis through DNA polymerase inhibition. Ongoing research is intensified to verify efficacy and applicability.</p>","PeriodicalId":52423,"journal":{"name":"Infezioni in Medicina","volume":"31 2","pages":"186-194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10241405/pdf/1124-9390_31_1_2023_186-194.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9594786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of <i>Toxocara</i> eggs in Latin American parks: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"D Katterine Bonilla-Aldana,&nbsp;Laura Valentina Morales-Garcia,&nbsp;Juan R Ulloque Badaracco,&nbsp;Melany D Mosquera-Rojas,&nbsp;Esteban A Alarcón-Braga,&nbsp;Enrique A Hernandez-Bustamante,&nbsp;Ali Al-Kassab-Córdova,&nbsp;Vicente A Benites-Zapata,&nbsp;Alfonso J Rodriguez-Morales,&nbsp;Olinda Delgado","doi":"10.53854/liim-3103-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53854/liim-3103-7","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction\u0000Toxocariasis is an infection caused in canines, felines, humans, and other vertebrates by species of the genus Toxocara, such as T. canis and T. cati. The embryonated eggs of these parasites are the main form of acquisition of the infection both for definitive hosts, such as the dog and the cat, respectively and for paratenic hosts, such as humans and other vertebrates. Toxocariasis infection in humans causes visceral larva migrans syndrome. When deposited on park soils, environmental contamination becomes a risk for environmental, human, and animal health.\u0000\u0000\u0000Objective\u0000To systemically estimate the prevalence of Toxocara spp. eggs in park soils in Latin America.\u0000\u0000\u0000Methods\u0000A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to evaluate the prevalence of Toxocara eggs in park soils in Latin America, defined by copro-parasitological, molecular and immunological techniques. We searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Sciences, Embase, LILACS and SciELO for studies published from 1900 through 28 January 2023. A meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model to calculate the pooled prevalence and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Heterogeneity was measured through I2 statistics.\u0000\u0000\u0000Results\u0000Forty-nine studies (2,508 parks and 12,833 samples) were included, of whom 44 had a low risk of bias. The pooled prevalence of Toxocara eggs in parks in Latin America was 50.0% (95% CI: 40.0%-60.0%). Argentina had the highest prevalence of Toxocara eggs in parks (100%), followed by Brazil (66%) and Venezuela (63%). The pooled prevalence of Toxocara eggs in soil samples was 20.0% (95% CI: 14.0%-26.0%); in faecal samples, it was 13.0% (95% CI: 6.0%-23.0%).\u0000\u0000\u0000Conclusion\u0000The presence of Toxocara canis eggs in public parks in Latin America is a zoonotic and public health threat for the people who go to these places, especially if children play on the ground with dirt or contaminated objects; since many pet owners and general public are not adequately informed about the mode of transmission of this parasite.","PeriodicalId":52423,"journal":{"name":"Infezioni in Medicina","volume":"31 3","pages":"329-349"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10495062/pdf/1124-9390_31_3_2023_329-349.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10589109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fosfomycin for Non-Urinary Tract Infections: a systematic review.","authors":"Shreya Das Adhikari,&nbsp;Souvik Chaudhuri,&nbsp;Carl Boodman,&nbsp;Mukund Gupta,&nbsp;Marco Schito,&nbsp;Heather Stone,&nbsp;Nitin Gupta","doi":"10.53854/liim-3102-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53854/liim-3102-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Although fosfomycin is currently approved for treating urinary tract infections, it is increasingly being used as salvage therapy for various infectious syndromes outside the urinary tract. This systematic review evaluates clinical and microbiological cure rates in patients with bacterial infections not restricted to the urinary tract where fosfomycin was used off-label.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Articles from two databases (Pubmed and Scopus) were reviewed. The dosage, route, and duration of fosfomycin therapy along with the details of adjunctive antimicrobial agents were noted. The final outcomes captured were clinical or microbiological cures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 649 articles, not including duplicates, were selected for the title and abstract screening. After title and abstract screening, 102 articles were kept for full-text screening. Of the 102 articles, 23 studies (n=1227 patients) were kept in the final analysis. Of the 1227 patients, 301 (25%) received fosfomycin as monotherapy, and the remaining 926 75%) received fosfomycin in combination with at least one other antimicrobial agent. Most of the patients received intravenous fosfomycin (n=1046, 85%). <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp and Enterobacteriaceae were the most common organisms. The pooled clinical and microbiological cure rates were 75% and 84%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Fosfomycin has moderate clinical success in patients with non-urinary tract infections, especially when used with other antimicrobials. Due to the paucity of randomized controlled trials, fosfomycin's use should be limited to situations where no alternatives are supported by better clinical evidence.</p>","PeriodicalId":52423,"journal":{"name":"Infezioni in Medicina","volume":"31 2","pages":"163-173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10241401/pdf/1124-9390_31_1_2023_163-173.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9946706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mortality predictors in hospitalised COVID-19 patients and the role of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies and remdesivir.","authors":"Sergio Venturini,&nbsp;Daniele Orso,&nbsp;Francesco Cugini,&nbsp;Danilo Villalta,&nbsp;Maurizio Tonizzo,&nbsp;Alessandro Grembiale,&nbsp;Ada Zanier,&nbsp;Serena Cecco,&nbsp;Astrid Callegari,&nbsp;Silvia Duranti,&nbsp;Giovanni Del Fabro,&nbsp;Massimo Crapis","doi":"10.53854/liim-3102-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53854/liim-3102-10","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In a pre-vaccination era serologic tests may be used to evaluate the seroprevalence and efficacy of containment strategies applied to the community. Subsequently, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination has successfully reduced hospitalization and admission to intensive care. The role of antiviral treatment for COVID-19 remains debated.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We investigated the effect of SARS-CoV-2 IgG Spike (S) antibody responses in hospitalized patients on 30-day mortality. Finally, we assessed whether other predictive factors affected mortality after 30 days.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Observational study on COVID-19 patients admitted from October 1, 2021, to January 30, 2022.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>520 patients were studied; 108 died at the 30-day follow-up (21%). A borderline significance for mortality was observed in favour of the high antibody titer group (24% vs 17%, p=0.05). From the univariate Cox regression analysis, a high IgG-S titer was significantly correlated to lower 30-day mortality (p=0.04, HR: 0.7; 95%CI: 0.44-0.98). The administration of remdesivir (p=0.01) and the age <65 years (p=2.3e-05) were found to be protective for the considered outcome (respectively, HR: 0.5, 95%CI: 0.34-0.86, and HR: 0.1, 95%CI: 0.04-0.30).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>S-antibodies and remdesivir could play a protecting role in increasing the survival of hospitalized COVID-19 patients who are not suffering from a critical disease. Advanced age is a risk factor for poor outcomes among infected people.</p>","PeriodicalId":52423,"journal":{"name":"Infezioni in Medicina","volume":"31 2","pages":"215-224"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10241404/pdf/1124-9390_31_1_2023_215-224.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9583063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vaccine Derived Poliovirus (VDPV).","authors":"Aroop Mohanty,&nbsp;Ranjana Rohilla,&nbsp;Kamran Zaman,&nbsp;Vivek Hada,&nbsp;Surakchhya Dhakal,&nbsp;Abhishek Shah,&nbsp;Bijaya Kumar Padhi,&nbsp;Zahra Haleem Al-Qaim,&nbsp;Kauthar Jaffar A Altawfiq,&nbsp;Raghavendra Tirupathi,&nbsp;Ranjit Sah,&nbsp;Jaffar A Al-Tawfiq","doi":"10.53854/liim-3102-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53854/liim-3102-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Poliomyelitis is caused by Poliovirus, a member of a large group of enteroviruses. Vaccine-derived polioviruses (VDPVs) stem from mutated live poliovirus, which is contained in the Oral Polio Virus vaccine (OPV). In addition, the emergence of VDPV is one of the global challenges for the eradication of poliomyelitis. VDPVs continue to affect different parts of the world; 1081 cases occurred in 2020 and 682 cases in 2021. There are several reasons that may have caused the increase in circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV) after the \"switch\" from the trivalent to the bivalent oral polio vaccine. One reason is the low vaccination rate among the targeted population, which has been further aggravated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Several strategies could control the spread of VDPV including the use of the monovalent OPV (mOPV-2). The risk of VDPV can be minimized through increased immunization rates and the use of safer vaccine alternatives. The global effort to eradicate polio has made significant progress over the years, but continued vigilance and investment in immunization programs are needed to achieve the ultimate goal of a polio-free world.</p>","PeriodicalId":52423,"journal":{"name":"Infezioni in Medicina","volume":"31 2","pages":"174-185"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10241397/pdf/1124-9390_31_1_2023_174-185.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9589422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}