Pedagogy of Physical Culture and Sports最新文献

{"title":"Effect of Physical Exertion on the effect of physical exertion on the concentration of copper and blood pressure in athletesn the Concentration of Copper and Blood Pressure in Athletes","authors":"Mohammed Nader Shalaby, Mona Mostafa Abdo Sakoury, Haitham Fayez Mahmoud Akl, R. Hassan, Hana Ahmed Saud Ababtain, Ahmad Alghamdi","doi":"10.15561/26649837.2022.0405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15561/26649837.2022.0405","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Study Aim. Several mineral elements are necessary for the athlete's body, which significantly impact the development of sports achievements because of their active role in bringing internal balance to the athlete's body. The study aims to determine the concentration of copper in the blood before and after the implementation of physical exertion at a level of 180 pulse/min on middle-distance runners. \u0000Material and Methods. Twelve athletes who are team members at Egyptian clubs were chosen deliberately as a research sample. The study participants were at the end of their special preparation. The experiment was conducted between July 12, 2021, and July 14, 2021, on the research sample, resting after exerting physical effort by running on a treadmill at a speed of 10 km / h. The runner continued at this speed for 3 minutes, after which the device's speed increased by 2 km / h every minute until reaching a heart rate of 180 pulse/ min. \u0000Results. The mineral differences in the copper element are attributed to the immediate induced by physical exertion by increasing the copper element in the blood within the normal level. This causes many changes and responses within the body cells. The copper element plays a significant role in oxidation and reduction processes via enzymes that require the copper element to produce energy in the cells and tissues due to the body's exposure to physical exertion. Athletes' exposure to physical exertion causes copper-dependent enzymes to produce energy in cells and tissues due to the element's requirement. \u0000Conclusions. Copper affected the physical effort of middle-distance runners at a heart rate of 180 pulse/min. In addition,  Middle-distance runners' blood pressure (systolic and diastolic) was affected by the physical exertion at a heart rate of 180 rpm.","PeriodicalId":52407,"journal":{"name":"Pedagogy of Physical Culture and Sports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43463496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of small-sided games versus traditional training on physical fitness and skills among Under-12 hockey players","authors":"F. Tajudin, N. F. A. Malek, A. M. N. Azmi, Kevin Tan, R. Vasanthi, F. H. Abadi, A. Nadzalan","doi":"10.15561/26649837.2022.0407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15561/26649837.2022.0407","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Study Aim. Despite many evidences showed the effectiveness of small sided games (SSG) to be included in sport training programs, majority of the study was done in soccer, while is very limited in hockey. The purpose of this study was to determine and compare the effects of small sided games and traditional training on physical fitness components (cardiovascular endurance, power, speed) and skills (dribbling, hitting, passing) among Under-12 hockey players. \u0000Material and Methods. A total of 36 primary schools’ male students aged below 12 that represent their district were randomly divided into three groups; i) 3x3, ii) 4x4 and iii) traditional training (TT). The yo-yo test (cardiovascular endurance), standing long jump test (power) and 30m sprint test (speed) were conducted to measure level of physical fitness performance while the skills of the players was tested based on the skills of dribbling, hitting and passing. Pre- and post-tests were conducted on all fitness and skill level before and after 8 week intervention period. Mixed between within analysis of variances (ANOVA) was used to analyze the differences in physical fitness and skills performance between and within the three groups. \u0000Results. The results of this study showed all groups managed to improve their physical fitness and skills in the post test. However, the 3x3 and 4x4 SSG have better improvement compared to TT in physical fitness while no significant differences were found in skills tests. \u0000Conclusions. In conclusion, SSG interventions were found to be more effective in improving physical fitness but not in terms of skills. Coaches are encouraging to implement SSG in their training program in order to improve both physical and skills among hockey players.","PeriodicalId":52407,"journal":{"name":"Pedagogy of Physical Culture and Sports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44652617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A biomechanical analysis of differences between natural and clinical angle degrees and correlations to performance in road cycling","authors":"Aliye Büyükergün, Milaim Berisha","doi":"10.15561/26649837.2022.0301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15561/26649837.2022.0301","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Study Aim. The study aims to determine differences between natural and clinical angle degrees in hips and shoulders, and determination of the correlations between angle degrees and functional threshold power (FTP) in road cycling athletes. \u0000Material and Methods. The study includes 11 male road cycling athletes aged 14-16 years old. The volunteer's body weight average was determined as 68.5±14.58, body height average was 175.4±6.98, and body mass index average 21.8±3.87. Volunteers are active athletes in “Büyükçekmece Road Cycling Team”. To measure the performance of the cyclists clinical hip angle, clinical shoulder angle, hip angle degree, shoulder angle, functional threshold power (FTP) tests were used. The Kinovea 0.8.15 program was used in the data analysis of the variables in the study. Analyzes were performed using SPSS 26 analysis program. The analyses of the Shapiro Wilks test resulted in the normal distribution of the variables included in the study.  Correlations between FTP test parameters and angle degrees, the correlation of a continued variable were calculated with Pearson correlation. \u0000Results. A statistically significant correlation between functional threshold power parameters such as distance, power avarege, total energy, cadance avarege, speed avarege, functional threshold power, and hip angle degree parameter (p<0.05). Similarly, correlations between functional threshold power, parameters such as power avarege and back curve resulted to be statistically significant (p<0.05). Also, like an functional threshold power parameter, speed avarege resulted to be in a significant correlation with the clinical shoulders angle degree. \u0000Conclusions. Based on these results, increases in the FTP parameters may affect positively the cyclist’s performance helping to avoid undesirable hip angles, which may lead to back pain. Similarly, power average and back curve degree resulted to be in a correlation. Therefore, the back curve degree may be increased or decreased by the changes in the power average parameter.  In addition, during the high intensity of training and fatigue levels increased, the clinical hip and shoulder angles were also increased.","PeriodicalId":52407,"journal":{"name":"Pedagogy of Physical Culture and Sports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44702333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of the 12-week judo physical activity program on the self-esteem of secondary school students during the COVID-19 period","authors":"Engin Efek, Hakan Eryiğit","doi":"10.15561/26649837.2022.0306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15561/26649837.2022.0306","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Study Aim. During the COVID-19 period, participation in physical activity decreased, and at the same time, many psychological problems occurred in children and adolescents. Therefore, this study examines the impact of secondary school students’ participation in regular exercise on their self-esteem. \u0000Material and Methods. The research was carried out with an experimental method and sequential design. The study, carried out in 2 sessions, started with the first measurement in November 2021 and ended with the last measurement in January 2022. 46 volunteer students forming the study sample were divided into experimental and control groups. Students in both groups completed the ‘Personal Information Form’ and the ‘Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory’ in the first week and the end of the 12th week. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 17.0 was used for data analysis. First, a descriptive statistical test was conducted to indicate the socio-demographic characteristics of the participants. Then, normality tests (Skewness and Kurtosis) were applied to determine whether the data showed normal distribution, and it was determined that the data showed normal distribution. Finally, the independent sample t-test and Paired Samples t-test were applied because the data met the assumption of normal distribution. The significance level was determined as p<0.05. \u0000Results. A statistically significant difference was found between the self-esteem values of the experimental group before the physical activity program and after the exercise sessions. There was no significant difference in the self-esteem levels of the control group pre-test and post-test. \u0000Conclusions. In conclusion, this study reveals that participation in 12 weeks of regular exercise significantly increases middle school students’ self-esteem.","PeriodicalId":52407,"journal":{"name":"Pedagogy of Physical Culture and Sports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43679143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical culture in the context of modern philosophical anthropology","authors":"B. Mytskan, T. Mytskan, S. Iermakov, T. Yermakova","doi":"10.15561/26649837.2022.0309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15561/26649837.2022.0309","url":null,"abstract":"Background and study aim. Prerequisites and purpose of the study. Today, philosophical anthropology (in the context of physical culture) occupies an intermediate place between the biological sciences and existential philosophy, elements of which it uses to explain the problems of physical existence. In the deep spheres of the physical state of a man (in the continuum of his/her spiritual-moral, physical, subconscious-rational, irrational and anthrobiological subjectivity) one can find the true foundations of personal physical culture and give them an immanent-subjective expression of human strength (as a creator of culture globalized world). The purpose of the study is to characterize the physical culture of the individual in the context of philosophical anthropology. \u0000Material and methods. Sources of information were the authoritative database Web of Science Core Collection, Vernadskyi National Library of Ukraine. Extraction of data from documents was carried out by means of a search query. In total, data on 102 documents containing such keywords as philosophy, anthropology, physical culture, sport were removed from the Web of Science Core Collection. Accordingly, 18 documents were found in the catalogues of the Vernadskyi National Library of Ukraine. Further analysis was performed with these 120 documents. The results of the search query were recorded in the form of tables and a special text file, which was processed in VOSviewer. The requirements of dialectical logic, comparative method, method of phenomenological reduction, hermeneutic methods are chosen by research methods. \u0000Results. The most significant and popular thematic categories, journals, authors, articles, keywords are identified. The connection between the elements of bibliographic description of articles and individual groups of publications has been established. It is established that from the second quarter of the XX century among philosophers there is opposition to the understanding of human nature on the basis of the acceptance of some one of its essence (spiritual, physical, intellectual, emotional and volitional, etc.), which determines the existence of any person. This was a denial of the approach to a man, which was called essential (from the Latin essentia – essence). The result of this transformation was to establish an existential understanding of a man (from the Latin existentia - existence). However, a self-contained existential approach is capable of producing a worldview distortion of personal physical culture, especially in conditions of restriction of freedom (for example, during a pandemic, war). Therefore, in modern philosophical anthropology it is necessary to adhere to a balanced combination of essential and existential understanding of a man in general and his/her physical culture in particular. In this way, philosophical anthropology is able to actualize various structures of worldview, including the values of physical culture. \u0000Conclusions. From the point o","PeriodicalId":52407,"journal":{"name":"Pedagogy of Physical Culture and Sports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41938833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of 8 weeks plyometric exercise on physical and motoric features of mental disabled","authors":"A. Kurtoglu, Bekir Çar, N. Konar","doi":"10.15561/26649837.2022.0402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15561/26649837.2022.0402","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Study Aim. Physical activity for disabled people is a long-debated issue. The number of studies examining the effects of alternative exercise programs on the physical and motor outcomes of people with intellectual disabilities is limited. For this reason, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of 8-week plyometric exercises on some physical and motor characteristics of mentally retarded people. \u0000Material and Methods. The method of this study is the experimental method, one of the quantitative research methods. The sample of the study consists of 24 moderately and mildly mentally retarded students aged 11-17 years old studying at a special vocational school. Participants completed a plyometric training program 3 days per week for 8 weeks. Before the training program, height, weight, BMI, vertical jump, sit and reach, standing long jump, circumference measurements, handgrip strength, shuttle test, leg strength, and back strength were compared with those after the training program. The SPSS 25 program was used for the statistical operations. The Wilcoxon test, one of the non-parametric tests, was used to compare the data. \u0000Results. As a result of statistical analysis, significant differences were found in height, weight, vertical jump, sit and reach, handgrip strength, shuttle test, leg strength, and back strength of the participants before and after the training program (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the body circumference measurements and BMI results (p > 0.05). \u0000Conclusions. When evaluating the results of the study, it was found that plyometric exercises have a positive effect on the physical and motor characteristics of the intellectually disabled people.","PeriodicalId":52407,"journal":{"name":"Pedagogy of Physical Culture and Sports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45866770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The negative effects of the pandemic on human behavior; alienation and social anhedonia: the example of sport sciences students","authors":"Mehmet H. Akgül, N. Tekin","doi":"10.15561/26649837.2022.0304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15561/26649837.2022.0304","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Study Aim. The social change brought about by the pandemic process all over the world has led to the restructuring of human behavior and daily life practices. This process has brought with it some social-psychological problems (such as alienation and social anhedonia) for social segments. For this reason, the aim of the research is to examine the alienation and social anhedonia levels of the students studying at the faculty of sport sciences during the pandemic process. \u0000Material and Methods. The sample of the research consists of students studying at the faculties of sport sciences of different universities in Turkey. A total of 423 students (271 males, 152 females) participated in the study. Due to the normal distribution of the data, the t-test, one of the parametric tests, was performed for paired groups, and the relationship between Social Anhedonia Scale and Alienation Scale sub-dimensions was tested with Pearson correlation analysis. Statistical analyzes were performed with the “Statistical Package for the Social Sciences” commercial software (SPSS for Windows, version 26.0, SPSS). The significance level was determined as p<0.05 in the analyzes, and skewness and kurtosis values were considered for the normality analysis. \u0000Results. According to the results obtained, it can be said that the pandemic process negatively affected the social anhedonia and alienation levels of male students studying at the faculty of sport sciences compared to female students. Again, it is seen that the level of alienation of the students who do sports at the professional level is higher than the students who do sports at the amateur level. Similarly, it is seen that the students of the faculty of sport sciences dealing with team sports have higher levels of social isolation, which is one of the sub-dimensions of the alienation scale, compared to the students who are engaged in individual sports. Finally, there is a negative and low-level significant relationship between social anhedonia and alienation scale sub-dimensions (p<0.05; r=-0.187; r=-0.164; r=-132). \u0000Conclusions. As a result, it can be said that the pandemic process has had similar negative effects on the students studying in the faculties of sport sciences, as in other social segments.","PeriodicalId":52407,"journal":{"name":"Pedagogy of Physical Culture and Sports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41936741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Anulom Vilom Pranayama and Rope Mallakhamb Training on respiratory parameters in young females with athletic backgrounds","authors":"J. Baker, B. Bal, R. Supriya, P. Kaur, Maman Paul","doi":"10.15561/26649837.2022.0308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15561/26649837.2022.0308","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Study Aim. To assess the effects of Anulom Vilom Pranayama (AVP) or alternative nostril breathing and Rope Mallakhamb Training (RMT) on respiratory parameters among university females with athletic backgrounds. \u0000Material and Methods. A quasi experimental study was performed on thirty-six, university female students from the Department of Physical Education (T), Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India. The subjects were divided in three groups. The groups were subjected to 4-weeks of intervention including: Group A (n1=12) subjected to AVP, Group B (n2=12) subjected to RMT, and Group C: (n3=12) no training or control. Respiratory parameters were measured twice, pre and post intervention using a wet spirometer. All measurements were performed three times and the average values were recorded for analysis. \u0000Results. 4-weeks of AVP resulted in positive increases for respiratory parameters measured including Tidal Volume (VT) 25.7%, Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV) 29.4%, Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV) 27.1%, Vital Capacity (VC) 33.2%, and Inspiratory Capacity (IC) 31.6% compared to the control group. Also, 4-weeks of RMT had a positive impact on respiratory parameters including (VT) 19.8%, (IRV) 22%, (ERV) 19.4%, (VC) 32 % and (IC) 28.1% compared to the control group. \u0000Conclusions. Both AVP and RMT had a positive impact on respiratory parameters. Also, AVP training has a more positive impact on respiratory parameters than RMT and may also contribute to the enhancement of concentration-based performance and voluntary control of breathing among young females from athletic backgrounds. As a result, AVP training can be more beneficial for a competitive edge in order to improve the athletes' primary need for respiratory endurance.","PeriodicalId":52407,"journal":{"name":"Pedagogy of Physical Culture and Sports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41356803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development, validation, and reliability of athletes’ resilience index","authors":"Nur Haziyanti M. Khalid, N. M. Rasyid, Yusop Ahmad","doi":"10.15561/26649837.2022.0307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15561/26649837.2022.0307","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Study Aim. The ability to turn back from stressful experiences quickly and efficiently is essential for any athlete who performs in high-level competition. Measuring the degree to which athletes deal with adversity, setbacks, and failure has become the area of concern in the field of resilience. The main aim of the study was to develop, validate and test the reliability of a new index of measurement that can evaluate the level of athletes’ resilience. \u0000Material and Methods. The first phase of the study is developing 37 items of the Athletes Resilience Index (ARI-37) based on previous qualitative data. Meanwhile, in the second phase, the study focused on establishing the Confirmatory Factor Analysis, convergent validity, and construct reliability of the index. The sample consisted of 351 Performance Development athletes who represent the state of Perak, Malaysia in the Malaysian Games (SUKMA) 2022. \u0000Results. Confirmatory Factor Analysis retained five risk issues in sports setting including performance, change, behavioral, psychological, and interpersonal. However, instead of 37 items, the Confirmatory Factor Analysis confirmed 26 items only. Most of the factors in ARI-26 yielded a high coefficient value of convergent validity (>0.5). Construct reliability of the index was also sufficient (0.44 to 0.62). \u0000Conclusions. The development of ARI-26 will allow researchers to better capture the unique aspects of resilience in the sports context. Thus, the Athletes’ Resilience Index (ARI-26) is revealed to be a reliable instrument for the assessment of resilience levels in high-level athletes. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":52407,"journal":{"name":"Pedagogy of Physical Culture and Sports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49111414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of balance training program to improve balance control among Malaysian sports schools athletes","authors":"A. Lee, M. Sankaravel, Fariba Hossein Abadi, Fairus Fariza Zainudin","doi":"10.15561/26649837.2022.0305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15561/26649837.2022.0305","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Study Aim. Complex sports specific movements often require balance ability. This is accountable for injury prevention as well. Balance control is vital to athletes for all sports activities. It is the objective of the current study to develop and identify balance training program effectiveness in improving dynamic balance among athletes in Malaysian National Sport Schools. \u0000Material and Methods. This study used a true experimental with control group design, involved dynamic balance control measures before and after intervention. A total of 72 male and female athletes were randomly assigned into experimental group or control group after screening process for eligibility. The experimental group underwent 12 sessions of balance training program and the control group continued their usual training routine. The Y-Balance Test was utilized to quantify dynamic balance for both groups. Data was analyzed using independent and paired sample t-test. \u0000Results. The study finding indicated that the experimental group demonstrated significant improvement in the post-test compared to pre-test (p = 0.000, p < 0.001) but no significant changes happened to control group (p = 0.353, p > 0.05). Independent t-test showed during post-test, the experimental group attained better score compared to the control group (p = 0.000, p < 0.001). \u0000Conclusions. It is suggested that coaches and athletes may include this balance training program in their training regimen, hoping to help in improving dynamic balance, thus, to reduce risk of lower extremity injuries. Future studies are suggested to increase more variances of balance training and make comparison on their effectiveness as a way to obtain a more effective training program.","PeriodicalId":52407,"journal":{"name":"Pedagogy of Physical Culture and Sports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47626094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}