Evolutionary Psychological Science最新文献_第9页

Physical Strength as a Cue to Men’s Capability as Protective Parents 体力是男性作为保护性父母能力的暗示

IF 1.5

Evolutionary Psychological Science Pub Date : 2022-02-02 DOI: 10.1007/s40806-022-00315-2

Mitch Brown, Steele Donahoe, Kaitlyn N. Boykin

引用次数: 4

Contrapposto Pose Influences Perceptions of Attractiveness, Masculinity, and Dynamicity of Male Statues from Antiquity 对位姿势影响了古代男性雕像的吸引力、阳刚之气和活力

IF 1.5

Evolutionary Psychological Science Pub Date : 2022-01-21 DOI: 10.1007/s40806-021-00310-z

Farid Pazhoohi, Oliver Lee Eric Jacobs, Alan Kingstone

{"title":"Contrapposto Pose Influences Perceptions of Attractiveness, Masculinity, and Dynamicity of Male Statues from Antiquity","authors":"Farid Pazhoohi, Oliver Lee Eric Jacobs, Alan Kingstone","doi":"10.1007/s40806-021-00310-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40806-021-00310-z","url":null,"abstract":"A contrapposto pose, as exemplified by Michelangelo’s David statue, is an asymmetric body posture known for its beauty and prevalence throughout the world of art. Past research has revealed that contrapposto poses are perceived to be more attractive than an upright, erect pose. Yet, this empirical work has only considered perceptions of the female body. There has been no systematic, empirical examination of the effect of male contrapposto poses on human perception. Therefore, across three studies differing in experimental methodology (2D vs. 3D stimuli), we investigated the effect of contrapposto poses in male statues on perceived attractiveness, masculinity, dominance, dynamicity, and naturalness. Four classical statues known for their contrapposto postures were manipulated in their degree of contrapposto, creating five stimuli in total for each statue (two decreased and 2 exaggerated from the original). In two studies, participants observed and rated 2D renderings of the statues. In another study, participants rated 3D statues while being immersed in a virtual reality environment. Results showed that 2D images varying in degrees of contrapposto poses did not affect the perception of the male statues. However, in the VR study, significant differences in ratings of attractiveness, dynamicity and masculinity were revealed. Specifically, an erect posture (decreased contrapposto) compared to exaggerated contrapposto poses increased the perception of attractiveness and masculinity but decreased the perception of dynamicity. Collectively, the results provide the first experimental evidence that variations in contrapposto poses in male models affect people’s perception across a range of values, including on their attractiveness. We also provide evidence demonstrating the enhanced sensitivity of art perception within a VR environment.","PeriodicalId":52399,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Psychological Science","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138523924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

No Evidence Against the Greater Male Variability Hypothesis: A Commentary on Harrison et al.’s Meta-Analysis of Animal Personality 没有证据反对更大的雄性变异假说:评Harrison等人的动物个性元分析

IF 1.5

Evolutionary Psychological Science Pub Date : 2022-01-14 DOI: 10.31234/osf.io/6ua8r

Marco Del Giudice, S. Gangestad

{"title":"No Evidence Against the Greater Male Variability Hypothesis: A Commentary on Harrison et al.’s Meta-Analysis of Animal Personality","authors":"Marco Del Giudice, S. Gangestad","doi":"10.31234/osf.io/6ua8r","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/6ua8r","url":null,"abstract":"Harrison et al. (2021) set out to test the greater male variability hypothesis with respect to personality in non-human animals. Based on the non-significant results of their meta-analysis, they concluded that there is no evidence to support the hypothesis, and that biological explanations for greater male variability in human psychological traits should be called into question. Here, we show that these conclusions are unwarranted. Specifically: (a) in mammals, birds, and reptiles/amphibians, the magnitude of the sex differences in variability found in the meta-analysis is entirely in line with previous findings from both humans and non-human animals; (b) the generalized lack of statistical significance does not imply that effect sizes were too small to be considered meaningful, as the study was severely underpowered to detect effect sizes in the plausible range; (c) the results of the meta-analysis can be expected to underestimate the true magnitude of sex differences in the variability of personality, because the behavioral measures employed in most of the original studies contain large amounts of measurement error; and (d) variability effect sizes based on personality scores, latencies, and proportions suffer from lack of statistical validity, adding even more noise to the meta-analysis. In total, Harrison et al.’s study does nothing to disprove the greater male variability hypothesis in mammals, let alone in humans. To the extent that they are valid, the data remain compatible with a wide range of plausible scenarios.","PeriodicalId":52399,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Psychological Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69645756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Mother-in-Law Daughter-in-Law Conflict: an Evolutionary Perspective and Report of Empirical Data from the USA 婆媳冲突:演化视角与美国实证数据报告

IF 1.5

Evolutionary Psychological Science Pub Date : 2022-01-10 DOI: 10.1007/s40806-021-00312-x

J. D. Ayers, J. Krems, Nicole Hess, A. Aktipis

引用次数: 2

Crowd Salience Reduces Aversion to Facially Communicated Psychopathy but Not Narcissism. 人群显著性降低了对面部交流精神病的厌恶，但不是自恋。

IF 1.5

Evolutionary Psychological Science Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Epub Date: 2022-01-26 DOI: 10.1007/s40806-022-00314-3

Alicia L Macchione, Mitch Brown, Donald F Sacco

{"title":"Crowd Salience Reduces Aversion to Facially Communicated Psychopathy but Not Narcissism.","authors":"Alicia L Macchione, Mitch Brown, Donald F Sacco","doi":"10.1007/s40806-022-00314-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40806-022-00314-3","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the adaptive advantages of social affiliation in humans, the benefits of interpersonal contact are nonetheless bounded. The experience of crowding can emerge from an oversaturation of social affiliation, fostering avoidant behaviors and heightening vigilance toward interpersonal threats. Among these features indicative of threat includes facial structures connoting dark personality traits associated with a proclivity toward exploitative behavior. Despite the potential costs imposed by those exhibiting these features, individuals could nonetheless enjoy coalitional benefits from exploitative humans (i.e., protection). Two studies investigated whether crowding would foster aversion or interest toward facial structures connoting psychopathy and narcissism. Although crowd salience heightened tolerance for psychopathy (Study 1), providing evidence for a bodyguard hypothesis, narcissism was similarly aversive regardless of motivational state (Study 2). We frame results from an evolutionary perspective and provide tentative explanations for discrepant signal values through psychopathy and narcissism that could elicit disparate findings.","PeriodicalId":52399,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Psychological Science","volume":"8 1","pages":"72-80"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8790945/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39962018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Disease Prevalence and Fatality, Life History Strategies, and Behavioral Control of the COVID Pandemic. 新冠肺炎疫情流行、病死率、生活史策略与行为控制

IF 1.5

Evolutionary Psychological Science Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Epub Date: 2021-11-09 DOI: 10.1007/s40806-021-00306-9

Hui Jing Lu, Xin Rui Wang, Yuan Yuan Liu, Lei Chang

引用次数: 4

Filthy Animals: Integrating the Behavioral Immune System and Disgust into a Model of Prophylactic Dehumanization. 肮脏的动物:将行为免疫系统和厌恶整合到预防性非人性化的模型中。

IF 1.5

Evolutionary Psychological Science Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Epub Date: 2021-09-08 DOI: 10.1007/s40806-021-00296-8

Alexander P Landry, Elliott Ihm, Jonathan W Schooler

{"title":"Filthy Animals: Integrating the Behavioral Immune System and Disgust into a Model of Prophylactic Dehumanization.","authors":"Alexander P Landry, Elliott Ihm, Jonathan W Schooler","doi":"10.1007/s40806-021-00296-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40806-021-00296-8","url":null,"abstract":"The behavioral immune system (BIS) is an evolved psychological mechanism that motivates prophylactic avoidance of disease vectors by eliciting disgust. When felt toward social groups, disgust can dampen empathy and promote dehumanization. Therefore, we investigated whether the BIS facilitates the dehumanization of groups associated with disease by inspiring disgust toward them. An initial content analysis found that Nazi propaganda predominantly dehumanized Jews by portraying them as disease vectors or contaminants. This inspired three correlational studies supporting a Prophylactic Dehumanization Model in which the BIS predicted disgust toward disease-relevant outgroups, and this disgust in turn accounted for the dehumanization of these groups. In a final study, we found this process of prophylactic dehumanization had a downstream effect on increasing anti-immigrant attitudes during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, consistent with the evolutionary logic of a functionally flexible BIS, this effect only occurred when the threat of COVID-19 was salient. The implications of these results for the study of dehumanization and evolutionary theories of xenophobia are discussed.Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40806-021-00296-8.","PeriodicalId":52399,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Psychological Science","volume":"8 2","pages":"120-133"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8423601/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39409712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Dependents as Signals of Mate Value: Long-term Mating Strategy Predicts Displays on Online Dating Profiles for Men. 取决于伴侣价值的信号：长期伴侣策略预测男性在线约会档案中的显示。

IF 1.5

Evolutionary Psychological Science Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Epub Date: 2021-10-08 DOI: 10.1007/s40806-021-00294-w

Mackenzie J Zinck, Laura K Weir, Maryanne L Fisher

{"title":"Dependents as Signals of Mate Value: Long-term Mating Strategy Predicts Displays on Online Dating Profiles for Men.","authors":"Mackenzie J Zinck, Laura K Weir, Maryanne L Fisher","doi":"10.1007/s40806-021-00294-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40806-021-00294-w","url":null,"abstract":"Sexual strategies theory indicates women prefer mates who show the ability and willingness to invest in a long-term mate due to asymmetries in obligate parental care of children. Consequently, women's potential mates must show they can provide investment - especially when women are seeking a long-term mate. Investment may be exhibited through financial and social status, and the ability to care for a mate and any resulting offspring. Men who care for children and pets (hereafter \"dependents\") are perceived as high-quality mates, given that dependents signal an ability to invest; however, no studies have examined how dependents are associated with short-term and long-term mating strategies. Here, online dating profiles were used to test the predictions that an interactive effect between sex and mating strategy will predict displays of dependents, with long-term mating strategy predicting for men but not women. Moreover, this pattern should hold for all dependent types and, due to relative asymmetries in required investment, differences will be strongest regarding displays of children and least in non-canine pets. As expected, men seeking long-term mates displayed dependents more than men seeking short-term mates, but both men and women seeking long-term mates displayed dependents similarly. This pattern was driven mostly by canines. These findings indicate that men adopting a long-term mating strategy display their investment capabilities more compared to those seeking short-term mates, which may be used to signal their mate value.","PeriodicalId":52399,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Psychological Science","volume":"8 2","pages":"174-188"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8500826/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39526763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Examining Associations Between Participant Gender, Desired Partner Gender, and Views Toward Sexually Coercive Behaviors. 研究参与者性别、期望伴侣性别和对性强迫行为的看法之间的关系。

IF 1.5

Evolutionary Psychological Science Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Epub Date: 2022-09-13 DOI: 10.1007/s40806-022-00337-w

Danielle J DelPriore

{"title":"Examining Associations Between Participant Gender, Desired Partner Gender, and Views Toward Sexually Coercive Behaviors.","authors":"Danielle J DelPriore","doi":"10.1007/s40806-022-00337-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40806-022-00337-w","url":null,"abstract":"Sexual coercion-pursuit of sexual activity with a partner who has not provided full consent (Huppin & Malamuth, Sexual Coercion, Hoboken, New Jersey, 2015) is a pervasive problem that carries psychological and financial costs. Although much past research has focused on sexually coercive acts performed by men and directed at women, the current work evaluates the independent and interactive roles of participant gender, desired partner gender, and sexual orientation in predicting individuals' views toward sexual coercion, a psychological outcome linked with coercive sexual behavior (e.g., Zinzow & Thompson in Archives of Sexual Behavior, 44:213-222, 2015). To this end, 1021 cisgender men and women (M age = 26.46 years) who self-identified as heterosexual, gay/lesbian, or bisexual rated the acceptability of sexually coercive behaviors performed by individuals of their gender. Consistent with past behavioral research, men rated these acts to be more acceptable when performed by same-gender others than did women. Extending past research, this gender difference was observed across variation in desired partner genders and sexual orientations. Further, an attraction to women predicted higher acceptability ratings among men but not among women. Finally, identification as heterosexual (as compared to gay/lesbian or bisexual) predicted more favorable views toward these behaviors across participant gender. Taken together, these findings suggest that men who are attracted to women (specifically) may be most likely to view coercive behaviors as acceptable, and thus may be most likely to utilize them, when pursuing sexual activity.Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40806-022-00337-w.","PeriodicalId":52399,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Psychological Science","volume":"8 4","pages":"391-402"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9469069/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40366969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Physical Strength as a Cue to Men’s Capability as Protective Parents 体力对男性保护父母能力的启示

IF 1.5

Evolutionary Psychological Science Pub Date : 2021-11-17 DOI: 10.31234/osf.io/rt79s

Mitch Brown, Steele Donahoe, Kaitlyn N. Boykin

引用次数: 5