Evolutionary Psychological Science最新文献_第5页

No Evidence Against the Greater Male Variability Hypothesis: A Commentary on Harrison et al.’s (2022) Meta-Analysis of Animal Personality 没有证据反对更大的男性变异性假说:对Harrison等人(2022)动物个性荟萃分析的评论

Evolutionary Psychological Science Pub Date : 2023-03-07 DOI: 10.1007/s40806-023-00358-z

Marco Del Giudice, Steven W. Gangestad

{"title":"No Evidence Against the Greater Male Variability Hypothesis: A Commentary on Harrison et al.’s (2022) Meta-Analysis of Animal Personality","authors":"Marco Del Giudice, Steven W. Gangestad","doi":"10.1007/s40806-023-00358-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40806-023-00358-z","url":null,"abstract":"In a recent meta-analysis, Harrison et al. (2022; Biological Reviews, 97, 679–707) set out to test the greater male variability hypothesis with respect to personality in non-human animals. Based on their non-significant results, they concluded that there is no evidence to support the hypothesis, and that biological explanations for greater male variability in human psychological traits should be called into question. Here, we show that these conclusions are unwarranted. Specifically: (a) in mammals, birds, and reptiles/amphibians, the magnitude of the sex differences in variability found in the meta-analysis is entirely in line with previous findings from both humans and non-human animals; (b) the generalized lack of statistical significance does not imply that effect sizes were too small to be considered meaningful, as the study was severely underpowered to detect effect sizes in the plausible range; (c) the results of the meta-analysis can be expected to underestimate the true magnitude of sex differences in the variability of personality, because the behavioral measures employed in most of the original studies contain large amounts of measurement error; and (d) variability effect sizes based on personality scores, latencies, and proportions suffer from lack of statistical validity, adding even more noise to the meta-analysis. In total, Harrison et al.’s study does nothing to disprove the greater male variability hypothesis in mammals, let alone in humans. To the extent that they are valid, the data remain compatible with a wide range of plausible scenarios.","PeriodicalId":52399,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Psychological Science","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136245382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Levelling as a Female-Biased Competitive Tactic 作为一种偏向女性的竞争策略

IF 1.5

Evolutionary Psychological Science Pub Date : 2023-02-22 DOI: 10.1007/s40806-023-00355-2

J. Benenson, H. Markovits

引用次数: 0

Preference for Male Risk Takers Varies with Relationship Context and Health Status but not COVID Risk. 对男性风险承担者的偏好随关系背景和健康状况而变化，但与 COVID 风险无关。

IF 1.4

Evolutionary Psychological Science Pub Date : 2023-02-22 DOI: 10.1007/s40806-023-00354-3

Cyril C Grueter, Hannah Goodman, Nicolas Fay, Bradley Walker, David Coall

{"title":"Preference for Male Risk Takers Varies with Relationship Context and Health Status but not COVID Risk.","authors":"Cyril C Grueter, Hannah Goodman, Nicolas Fay, Bradley Walker, David Coall","doi":"10.1007/s40806-023-00354-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40806-023-00354-3","url":null,"abstract":"Risk taking is more commonly shown by males than females and has a signalling function, serving to advertise one's intrinsic quality to prospective mates. Previous research has established that male risk takers are judged as more attractive for short-term flings than long-term relationships, but the environmental and socioeconomic context surrounding female preferences for male risk takers has been overlooked. Using a survey instrument, we examined female preferences for male risk takers across 1304 females from 47 countries. We found preferences for physical risk takers to be more pronounced in females with a bisexual orientation and females who scored high on risk proneness. Self-reported health was positively associated with preferences for high risk takers as short-term mates, but the effect was moderated by country-level health, i.e. the association was stronger in countries with poorer health. The security provided by better health and access to health care may allow females to capitalise on the genetic quality afforded by selecting a risk-prone male whilst concurrently buffering the potential costs associated with the risk taker's lower paternal investment. The risk of contracting COVID-19 did not predict avoidance of risk takers, perhaps because this environmental cue is too novel to have moulded our behavioural preferences.Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40806-023-00354-3.","PeriodicalId":52399,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Psychological Science","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9944803/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9341322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Chameleons of Dating: Psychopathic Traits Are Associated with Mimicking Prosocial Personality Traits in Dating Contexts 约会中的变色龙:心理病态特征与约会环境中亲社会人格特征的模仿有关

IF 1.5

Evolutionary Psychological Science Pub Date : 2023-02-20 DOI: 10.1007/s40806-023-00356-1

Kristopher J. Brazil, Destiny Cloutier, Nicole De Las Llagas, Samantha Grace McMahon, Victoria Benevides, A. Book, B. Visser

引用次数: 2

Still No Evidence for a Jewish Group Evolutionary Strategy 仍然没有证据表明犹太人群体的进化策略

IF 1.5

Evolutionary Psychological Science Pub Date : 2023-01-06 DOI: 10.1007/s40806-022-00352-x

N. Cofnas

引用次数: 0

Sibling Conflict and Closeness: The Effects of Sex, Number of Siblings, Relatedness, Parental Resemblance and Investment 兄弟姐妹冲突与亲密:性别、兄弟姐妹数量、亲缘关系、亲代相似性和投入的影响

IF 1.5

Evolutionary Psychological Science Pub Date : 2023-01-04 DOI: 10.1007/s40806-022-00353-w

Jessica A. Hehman, R. Burch, C. Salmon

引用次数: 1

Of Germs and Culture; Parasite Stress as the Origin of Individualism-Collectivism. 细菌与文化;寄生虫应激作为个人主义-集体主义的起源。

IF 1.5

Evolutionary Psychological Science Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/s40806-022-00335-y

Soheil Shapouri

引用次数: 2

National Mean IQ Estimates: Validity, Data Quality, and Recommendations 国家平均智商估计:有效性，数据质量和建议

IF 1.5

Evolutionary Psychological Science Pub Date : 2022-12-19 DOI: 10.1007/s40806-022-00351-y

Russell T Warne

引用次数: 2

Responses to COVID-19 Threats: an Evolutionary Psychological Analysis. 对 COVID-19 威胁的反应：进化心理分析。

IF 1.4

Evolutionary Psychological Science Pub Date : 2022-12-15 DOI: 10.1007/s40806-022-00348-7

Stephen M Colarelli, Tyler J Mirando, Kyunghee Han, Norman P Li, Carter Vespi, Katherine A Klein, Charles P Fales

{"title":"Responses to COVID-19 Threats: an Evolutionary Psychological Analysis.","authors":"Stephen M Colarelli, Tyler J Mirando, Kyunghee Han, Norman P Li, Carter Vespi, Katherine A Klein, Charles P Fales","doi":"10.1007/s40806-022-00348-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40806-022-00348-7","url":null,"abstract":"Responses to COVID-19 public health interventions have been lukewarm. For example, only 64% of the US population has received at least two vaccinations. Because most public health interventions require people to behave in ways that are evolutionarily novel, evolutionary psychological theory and research on mismatch theory, the behavioral immune system, and individual differences can help us gain a better understanding of how people respond to public health information. Primary sources of threat information during the pandemic (particularly in early phases) were geographic differences in morbidity and mortality statistics. We argue that people are unlikely to respond to this type of evolutionarily novel information, particularly under conditions of high uncertainty. However, because individual differences affect threat perceptions, some individual differences will be associated with threat responses. We conducted two studies (during Phase 1 and 2 years later), using data from primarily public sources. We found that state-level COVID-19 morbidity and mortality rates had no relationship with mental health symptoms (an early indicator of how people were responding to the pandemic), suggesting that people-in general-were not attending to this type of information. This result is consistent with the evolutionary psychological explanation that statistical information is likely to have a weak effect on the behavioral immune system. We also found that individual differences (neuroticism, IQ, age, and political ideology) affected how people responded to COVID-19 threats, supporting a niche-picking explanation. We conclude with suggestions for future research and suggestions for improving interventions and promoting greater compliance.","PeriodicalId":52399,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Psychological Science","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9753878/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10461851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Men’s Expectations for Postconflict Reconciliation with Physically Strong Opponents 男性对冲突后与强壮对手和解的期望

IF 1.5

Evolutionary Psychological Science Pub Date : 2022-12-14 DOI: 10.1007/s40806-022-00350-z

Mitch Brown, Ryan E Tracy, Patrick R. Neiswender

引用次数: 2