Medicina Katastrof最新文献

{"title":"Organization of Medical Care for Victims of Emergencies in Medical Organizations of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency. Message 2","authors":"S.F. Goncharov, A.V. Akinshin, S.V. Markov, B.V. Bobiy, N.N. Baranova","doi":"10.33266/2070-1004-2023-3-5-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33266/2070-1004-2023-3-5-12","url":null,"abstract":"Summary. The aim of the study is to examine and analyze the state and procedure of implementation in medical organizations (MOs) of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency (FMBA of Russia) of significant organizational measures ensuring their readiness to provide medical care to victims during the elimination of the consequences of probable emergency situations at the served objects and territories. Materials and research methods. Materials of the study were regulatory and methodological documents of FMBA of Russia, regulating the order of organization of medical care for victims in emergency situations at facilities and territories served by FMBA of Russia; scientific works and publications on the subject of the study; special examination cards of 66 MOs of FMBA of Russia, filled out by medical specialists of MOs, including medical specialists of district medical centers of FMBA of Russia — data as of December 1, 2022. The surveyed MOs, regardless of their location and taking into account their functional capabilities, were divided into 3 levels (1st, 2nd and 3rd). The main objects of the study: the activity of MOs in creating mobile medical formations and units; readiness to perform medical triage of victims in emergencies; ability to conduct telemedicine consultations; equipment of MOs with medical devices and appliances used in the provision of medical care in emergencies. Research methods were statistical, sociological (method of expert evaluation) and analytical. Results of the study and their analysis. Mobile medical units are formed mainly on the basis of MOs of the 2nd and 3rd level. The specialization of a unit is determined by the availability of appropriate medical personnel in MOs, as well as by the peculiarities of the activities of the organization served. It has been established that the main factors that complicate the formation and provision of evacuation reception center activities during liquidation of medical and sanitary consequences of an emergency are: lack of equipment and personal protective equipment (PPE), lack of experience and proper regulatory and methodological support of activities in the emergency mode, etc. It was noted that medical specialists who have no experience of working under conditions of mass simultaneous arrival of patients or victims in emergency situations should be trained at special trainings and exercises to understand tasks and conditions of medical triage. Most MOs are ready to form up to 4 teams to perform medical triage in case of mass simultaneous arrival of patients. When analyzing the data on the availability of an irreducible stock of drugs and medical equipment to provide medical care to emergency victims, it was revealed that it was created and maintained only in 70-80% of MOs of the 1st-3rd level. It is concluded that the minimum stock of drugs and medical equipment should be created and maintained in each MO of FMBA of Russia and others.","PeriodicalId":52375,"journal":{"name":"Medicina Katastrof","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135587872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Results of the Work of the Regional Register of Medical and Sanitary Consequences of Road Traffic Accidents, on the Example of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug","authors":"A.V. Baranov, E.A. Mordovskiy, E.S. Levina, A.N. Garunov, Y.E. Barachevskiy","doi":"10.33266/2070-1004-2023-3-35-40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33266/2070-1004-2023-3-35-40","url":null,"abstract":"Summary. The aim of the study is to analyze the results of the work of the regional register of medical and sanitary consequences of road traffic accidents (RTA) in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug (NAO) in 2021 – the first half of 2023. Materials and research methods. Materials of the study are data from the register of medical and sanitary consequences of road traffic accidents in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, formed on the basis of information extracted from medical records of patients (f.003/u), admitted after road traffic accidents on urgent indications to the Nenets District Hospital named after R.I.Batmanova. Quantitative and categorical variables were used for statistical analysis. Statistical processing of data was performed using the package of applied statistical programs STATA ver. 12. Results of the study and their analysis. Characteristics of the group of victims of road traffic accidents, circumstances of their injuries, medical care of victims in pre-hospital and hospital periods are presented. Based on the results of the regional register of medical and sanitary consequences of road traffic accidents, organizational solutions aimed at improving the provision of medical care to victims of road traffic accidents in the region are proposed.","PeriodicalId":52375,"journal":{"name":"Medicina Katastrof","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135587845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organization of First Aid to Wounded Servicemen in the Zone of Armed Conflict","authors":"V.V. Solosin, S.A. Kuzmin, S.V. Vyaltsin, L.K. Grigor’eva","doi":"10.33266/2070-1004-2023-3-53-56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33266/2070-1004-2023-3-53-56","url":null,"abstract":"Summary. The objectives of the study are to analyze the role of knowledge and skills acquired by servicemen when they render first aid to the wounded in combat conditions; to study the structure of sanitary losses in a military unit in the zone of Special Military Operation. Materials and research methods. Materials of the study are the experience of first aid in combat conditions. On the battlefield, various medical means of defense were used to provide first aid to the wounded. Soldiers, who were wounded, used first aid kits individual medical AI-3-1BC as a means of self-help. Sanitary straps, cloak tents and improvised means were used for medical evacuation of the wounded to a safe zone. Belts, ropes and other available materials were used as improvised means. In the field, the servicemen were trained to: search for the wounded; in case of various external bleeding — to apply hemostatic tourniquets, tourniquets, compression bandages, aseptic bandages on wounds; in case of injuries — to immobilize limbs. In case of wounds and traumas, intramuscular injection of anesthetic agents contained in a syringe-tube was performed. Medical evacuation of the wounded to a safe zone was carried out with observance of safety measures — both for the wounded and for the first aid provider. Research methods were analytical, statistical and field observation methods. Results of the study and their analysis. In the zone of the Special Military Operation the enemy actively uses remote and combined methods of defeat, which creates difficulties in the medical evacuation of wounded servicemen from the battlefield. During the first two hours after being wounded, about 11.0% of the wounded were received at triage points; between two and 6 hours, no more than 11.0% of the wounded were received. Most of the wounded arrived at triage points at later dates. In the structure of sanitary losses, the share of shrapnel wounds was 79.0%; bullet wounds — 10.0%; non-combat-related injuries and somatic diseases — 11.0%. The wounds were mixed and combined by nature. The share of severe wounds amounted to 23.0%; the share of moderate wounds — 50.0; the share of light wounds — 27.0%. It is concluded that timely and competent rendering of first aid to the wounded on the line of contact with the enemy is of paramount importance for saving lives of servicemen.","PeriodicalId":52375,"journal":{"name":"Medicina Katastrof","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135588008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive Study of the Legal Foundations and Problematic Issues of First Aid for Military Personnel (by Servicemen)","authors":"P.Y. Naumov, N.N. Baranova, I.V. Kholikov, S.A. Kuptsov","doi":"10.33266/2070-1004-2023-3-57-64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33266/2070-1004-2023-3-57-64","url":null,"abstract":"Summary. The purpose of the study is to consider topical issues of legal regulation and improvement of the legislation of the Russian Federation on the issues of first aid to military personnel (by servicemen). Materials and research methods. The theoretical and informational basis of the study was the developments in the field of military and medical law, as well as research in the field of individual issues of legal regulation of medical activity, forensic and military medical examination in the Armed Forces and National Guard troops of the Russian Federation. As a methodology of the study were used comparative-legal and doctrinal approaches, as well as the principles of applying a systematic approach in socio-humanitarian cognition. Research methods were analysis and synthesis, comparison and analogy, system method and modeling. Results of the study and their analysis. The issues of legal regulation of first aid to military personnel (by servicemen) are considered. It is noted that the fulfillment of tasks in the sphere of health care and provision of medical assistance to various categories of persons is an important social task, and the improvement of first aid to servicemen (by military personnel) is an important task of health care, allowing to save the lives of the wounded and sick. The list of conditions in which first aid is provided and the list of first aid measures are analyzed, and the federal executive authorities in which servicemen perform military service are enlisted. Some imperfections of norms and legislative prescriptions in the area under consideration are revealed. It is concluded that the results of the study can be used for further scientific developments in the field of military and medical law and training of personnel of military and medical universities.","PeriodicalId":52375,"journal":{"name":"Medicina Katastrof","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135588018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mobile Information and Communication Technologies to Improve the Effectiveness of First Aid Delivery: Review of Scientific Publications","authors":"A.A. Birkun, Y.A. Kosova","doi":"10.33266/2070-1004-2023-3-41-52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33266/2070-1004-2023-3-41-52","url":null,"abstract":"Summary. The objectives of the study are to analyze international scientific experience in the application of mobile information and communication technologies to improve the effectiveness of first aid provision and first aid training; to identify the main directions of scientific research and gaps in the existing scientific knowledge on these issues. Materials and research methods. In the bibliographic databases PubMed and Scopus the search of English-language scientific articles was performed, in the Google Scholar database — Russian-language scientific articles on the topic of the study, published in the period from 2003 to 2022 inclusive, were searched. Additionally, we searched for works in the article lists of sources of the found publications. The bibliographic information management software Zotero version 6.0.18 (Corporation for Digital Scholarship, USA) was used to collect, save and systematize the search results and remove duplicates. The selected studies were subjected to descriptive thematic analysis. Results of the study and their analysis. The leading directions of scientific research in the area were identified, and it was found that, with a significant thematic and methodological heterogeneity of works and ambiguity of the results obtained, the accumulated scientific data in general indicate a high prospect of using mobile technologies in the field of improving training in the provision and delivery of first aid. It is noted that at present the researches are mainly focused on: creation of systems for remote operational notification and accompaniment to the place of event of volunteers, pre-trained in first aid provision and included in the corresponding programs by means of crowdsourcing; development of mobile tools for assessment and maintenance of quality of first aid rendering and multimedia instructions on provision of first aid in real time, as well as on development of mobile technologies for training in rendering first aid. The performed studies are mainly aimed at improving the effectiveness of first aid delivery in cardiac arrest, and there are few works devoted to the development of mobile tools for improving first aid training or first aid delivery in other conditions.","PeriodicalId":52375,"journal":{"name":"Medicina Katastrof","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135588847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of fire risks in Russian Federation in general and its megacities using the example of Moscow and St. Petersburg, 2009–2021","authors":"V.I. Evdokimov, V.I. Sibirko, S.G. Shapovalov, Yu.R. Yunusova, V.A. Martynov","doi":"10.33266/2070-1004-2023-3-19-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33266/2070-1004-2023-3-19-23","url":null,"abstract":"Summary. The purpose of the study is, in connection with the change in the procedure for statistical recording of fires, to assess their health consequences in the Russian Federation as a whole and its megacities using the example of Moscow and St. Petersburg for 13 years (2009–2021). Materials and methods of research. Data on the number of fires was taken from the Federal Database “Fires” [https://sites.google.com/site/statistikapozaro/]; population size – on the Rosstat website [https://rosstat.gov.ru/]. Retrospectively, fire statistics since 2009 have included fires. The results of the study were checked for normal distribution of characteristics. The dynamics of indicators was studied using the analysis of time series, for which a 2nd order polynomial trend was used, etc. Research results and their analysis. As a result of the study, the following risks were calculated for the population of the Russian Federation as a whole, Moscow and St. Petersburg: the risk of being caught in a fire; risk of dying in a fire; risk of injury in a fire; individual risk of dying in a fire per 100 thousand population; individual risk of injury in a fire per 100 thousand population. Conclusions: As a rule, the magnitude of individual fire risks in megacities, due to the coordinated work of fire crews during fire fighting, evacuation of people and a number of other circumstances, was less than in the Russian Federation as a whole; there is also a downward trend. The individual risk of death in a fire in Moscow and St. Petersburg was low for Russia; in Moscow the individual risk of injury was low, in St. Petersburg it was average. The calculated new fire risks can be used when carrying out more targeted work to reduce them in the regions of the Russian Federation.","PeriodicalId":52375,"journal":{"name":"Medicina Katastrof","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135588006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Work of Operations and Management Service of Moscow Department of Health under Conditions of Covid-19 Pandemic in 2020-2022","authors":"A.V. Veklich","doi":"10.33266/2070-1004-2023-3-24-29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33266/2070-1004-2023-3-24-29","url":null,"abstract":"Summary. The aim of the study is to analyze the effectiveness of the Operations and Management Service (OMS) of Moscow Department of Health under the conditions of pandemic COVID-19 in 2020-2022. Materials and research methods. Materials of the study were statistical data on the activities of the Operations and Management Service for oral appeals of citizens and rapid response in 2020-2022: reporting forms of the Operations and Management Service (OMS) of Moscow Department of Health, containing data on the daily monitoring of the work of paramedics on the reception and transfer of calls; daily reports on the work done, as well as regulatory legal acts on the issues of medical provision for the population. Applied research methods were statistical and analytical. Results of the study and their analysis. The experience of work of the Operations and Management Service (OMS) of Moscow Department of Health during the pandemic COVID-19 in 2020-2022 is presented. By the example of the work of the Operations and Management Service (OMS) of Moscow Department of Health the importance of partnerships that ensure smooth operation of medical organizations of Moscow to provide timely medical care in an emergency epidemiological situation is revealed.","PeriodicalId":52375,"journal":{"name":"Medicina Katastrof","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135587847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Draft Unified First Aid Procedure in the Russian Federation: Problematic and Discussion Issues","authors":"M.G. Kolomeitsev","doi":"10.33266/2070-1004-2023-3-65-73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33266/2070-1004-2023-3-65-73","url":null,"abstract":"Summary. The purpose of the study is to develop proposals to improve the regulation of relations in the sphere of first aid in the basic and expanded scope between the participants of these relations to protect their legitimate rights and interests. Materials and research methods. Materials of the study are normative legal acts in the field of health care, regulating the issues of first aid: the Federal Law “On the basis of health protection of citizens in the Russian Federation” from November 21, 2011 № 323-FZ; Order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia “On approval of the list of conditions in which first aid is provided, and the list of measures to provide first aid” from May 4, 2012 № 477n; qualification specifications of positions of employees in the field of health care; professional standards of health care professionals. Research methods were analytical, logical methods and information modeling. The following sources were used in the research: information legal systems “Consultant” (http://www.consultant.ru) and “Garant” (https://internet.garant.ru); the official Internet portal of legal information (http://pravo.gov.ru); the official website of the Ministry of Health of Russia (https://minzdrav.gov.ru) and a number of other open sources of information. Results of the study and their analysis. The systematized improved and newly developed norms of first aid in basic and expanded volumes are presented, taking into account their application in different conditions and situations as the basis of the unified basic Procedure of first aid. The definition of the concept of “special conditions of first aid provision” is given. The proposal to divide the first aid into two main types — “basic first aid” and “extended first aid” (in special conditions and situations) is made. Problematic and debatable issues of the scope of first aid measures are considered: the use of medicines, ensuring the patency of airways, the use of automatic external defibrillator when performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation, medical evacuation of victims, etc.","PeriodicalId":52375,"journal":{"name":"Medicina Katastrof","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135587871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamics of Volumetric Indicators of Emergency Hospitals during the Pandemic of the New Coronavirus Infection Covid-19","authors":"V.V. Khominets, S.К. Filimonov, I.М. Barsukova","doi":"10.33266/2070-1004-2023-3-30-34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33266/2070-1004-2023-3-30-34","url":null,"abstract":"Summary. The aim of the study is to investigate the dynamics of volumetric indicators of emergency medical care inpatient work during the Covid-19 pandemic and the factors determining it. Materials and research methods. The material of the study was the data on the work of two multidisciplinary hospitals working in the mode of emergency (24/7/365) and having fundamental structural and functional features associated with the presence of beds for patients with a new coronavirus infection. The methods of the study are regulatory, statistical and analytical. Results of the study and their analysis. The results of the study showed that during COVID-19 pandemic there was a decrease in the volume performance of emergency hospitals. The factors causing differences in the organization of work of hospitals were identified. Among them: re-profiling of hospitals to receive infectious patients — deployment of beds for patients with COVID-19; redistribution of patient flows and changes in routing schemes for medical evacuation of patients; assignment of additional volumes of specialized medical care for non-infectious patients to unreprofiled multidisciplinary hospitals. It is concluded that emergency medical aid beds of the emergency hospitals in 2020-2021 performed the functions of a mobile general-purpose bed fund, allowing to sort and separate the flows of incoming patients and to ensure sanitary and epidemiological safety and quarantine measures.","PeriodicalId":52375,"journal":{"name":"Medicina Katastrof","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135588790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methodological Approaches to Selection of Personnel of Emergency Rescue Teams for Liquidation of Consequences of Radiation Accidents","authors":"N.L. Proskuryakova, A.F. Bobrov, A.V. Simakov, L.I. Fortunatova","doi":"10.33266/2070-1004-2023-3-13-18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33266/2070-1004-2023-3-13-18","url":null,"abstract":"Summary. The aim of the study is to develop methodological approaches and criteria of selection of specialists for participation in the work on liquidation of consequences of radiation accidents as part of emergency rescue formations. Materials and research methods. Due to the lack of detailed individual medical, psychophysiological and dosimetric data on persons involved in the elimination of consequences of radiation accidents in the available scientific literature, the study was conducted using theories of occupational risks and functional reliability, as well as mathematical modeling of data on the results of health assessment and professional and psychophysiological adaptation of personnel of radiation facilities. Results of the study and their analysis. A conceptual model and criteria of professional selection of specialists for participation in the work on liquidation of consequences of radiation accidents are proposed for selection of personnel. The criteria include an integral indicator of the suitability level and a probabilistic nomogram determining the acceptable range of its variation. This indicator takes into account accumulated dose load, level of health loss of worker from the impact of life factors and his/her functional reliability. It is proposed to use the data of periodic medical examinations and psychophysiological examinations, as well as individual dosimetry to assess the level of professional suitability. A proposal is made to use the results of the conducted research on assessment of professional suitability to eliminate the consequences of radiation accidents as one of the qualification indicators of workers required for preliminary authorization to work in emergency rescue formations under conditions of planned increased exposure.","PeriodicalId":52375,"journal":{"name":"Medicina Katastrof","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135588011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}