Sahel Medical Journal最新文献

{"title":"Antimicrobial stewardship: Perception and familiarity of future prescribers in a tertiary health institution in Northern Nigeria","authors":"A. Olorukooba, Mindiya Isaac Helda, S. Yahaya, B. Nwankwo, L. Ahmadu, K. Hamza","doi":"10.4103/SMJ.SMJ_62_18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/SMJ.SMJ_62_18","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials. According to the World Health Organization, education of medical students on AMS is an integral part of antimicrobial resistance containment activities. The perception of undergraduate clinical medical students on AMS has not been studied in Nigeria recently. This study aims to identify the perception of AMS among medical students in Ahmadu Bello University (ABU) Zaria. Methodology: We conducted a cross-sectional survey on medical students in the 4th, 5th, and 6th years of study. A stratified sampling technique was employed. Open Data Kit for android was used to administer the questionnaire. Information on sociodemographics, perception of AMS, perception of the usefulness of AMS education as well as familiarity with the term AMS were collected from study respondents. Data were presented in frequency and percentages for categorical variables, while descriptive summary statistics were used for numeric variables. Results: Most of the respondents (96.2%) belonged to the age group of 20–29 years. The mean age (±standard deviation) of our respondents was 25.75 (±2.47) years. Only 34.6% were “very familiar“/”familiar” with the term “AMS.” Majority (89.2%) of the respondents did not have any knowledge about antimicrobials before entering medical school. The perception of AMS among medical students was generally good. Conclusion: Our respondents recognized the importance of judicious antibiotic use and would like more instructions on how to make rational use of antimicrobials. There is a need by authorities of the ABU medical school to revamp our clinical medical curriculum to include more AMS teaching so as to better equip our “future prescribers” on the appropriate use of antimicrobials.","PeriodicalId":52324,"journal":{"name":"Sahel Medical Journal","volume":"23 1","pages":"236"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45885174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biological characteristics of breast cancers in a teaching hospital in Northwestern Nigeria","authors":"A. El-Yakub","doi":"10.4103/SMJ.SMJ_23_18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/SMJ.SMJ_23_18","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Breast cancer is the number one killer of women in the world, and its incidence is rising in developing countries including Nigeria. Breast cancer has expressed variation in terms of histological types, hormonal receptor status, and Her-2-Neu receptor status in different races and environments. These biological characteristics are relevant in disease presentation, treatment, and outcome. Objective: This study examined the histology, hormone receptor status, and Her-2-Neu receptor status of breast cancer patients. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective review of histology reports of breast cancers diagnosed over a 5-year period from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2015, in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Northwestern Nigeria. Data regarding age of the patient, histological type, hormone receptor, and Her-2-Neu overexpression were obtained. Results: The records of 215 patients with breast cancer during the period of the study were requested. Out of this number, only the record of 153 patients could be obtained. Furthermore, of the 153 patients, only 103 had complete records and were included in the study. The age of the patients ranged between 25 and 80 years. The modal age of the groups was 31–40 and 41–50 years, each having 27 participants (26.2%). More than two-thirds of the study participants, 74 (71.8%), had intraductal carcinoma. Other variants of breast cancer in the participants were papillary and medullary carcinoma, each accounting for 4 (3.9%). After receptor typing, it was found that 39 (37.9%) of the participants were positive for Her-2 and progesterone receptors, respectively, while 32 (31.1%) were positive for estrogen receptors. The mean age of women triple-negative status was lower (46.8 years) than that of women without triple-negative status (48.9 years). However, this was not statistically significant (t = 0.74, P = 0.462). More than half of the premenopausal women, 32 (61.5%), had triple-negative status while more than two-thirds of women who had attained menopause, 35 (68.6%), had triple-negative status. However, the relationship between age and negative status was not significant (χ2 = 0.569, P = 0.451). Conclusion: The predominant histological type of breast cancer in the study area remains intraductal carcinoma, and many patients had triple-negative tumors.","PeriodicalId":52324,"journal":{"name":"Sahel Medical Journal","volume":"23 1","pages":"211"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44086598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between sociodemographic characteristics of stroke survivors and poststroke motor performance","authors":"Adamu A Rufai, A. Mustapha, A. Oyeyemi","doi":"10.4103/smj.smj_2_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/smj.smj_2_19","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Motor impairment is a frequent presentation of stroke leading to partial or total loss of function of a body part usually limbs. Objective: This study investigated poststroke motor performance and its association with sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of stroke survivors. Materials and Methods: Ninety-four stroke survivors from two selected physiotherapy clinics in Maiduguri participated in this study. Data form was used to obtain information on sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the participants while the Short-Form Fugl Meyer scale was used to obtain the information on motor performance of the participants. Descriptive statistics of mean, standard deviation, frequency, and percentage were used to summarize the data. Chi-square test of association was used to analyze motor performance and its association with sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the participants. Results: The mean age and poststroke duration of the participants were 52.65 ± 12.70 years and 26.32 ± 32.70 months, respectively. Of the entire participants, 55 (58.5%) were male, 49 (52.1%) were employed, and 33 (35.1%) had Qur'anic education. Forty (42.6%) had a duration of stroke between 3 and 12 months. Gender (χ2 = 12.72, P = 0.002) and educational level (χ2 = 17.77, P = 0.023) were significantly associated with motor performance. Age, employment status, and duration of stroke showed no significant association with motor performance. Conclusion: The outcome of this study suggests that female gender and “no educational” attainment were associated with poor motor performance among stroke survivors in Maiduguri. Gender and educational level can influence motor impairment after stroke and should represent an essential part of assessment during stroke rehabilitation.","PeriodicalId":52324,"journal":{"name":"Sahel Medical Journal","volume":"23 1","pages":"153 - 157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48821636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blistering erysipelas in a black patient","authors":"H. Umar, F. Akintomide, A. Abdullahi, J. Muhammed, A. Maiyaki","doi":"10.4103/smj.smj_63_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/smj.smj_63_19","url":null,"abstract":"Blistering erysipelas bullosa constitutes a rare and severe variant of erysipelas, which is rarely reported in the medical literature. It is an acute inflammation of the epidermis and superficial lymphatics. The diagnosis is usually clinical. We report the case of blistering erysipelas of the lower limb complicated by sepsis in a young immunocompetent obese female. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case being reported from sub-Saharan Africa. We recommend a high index of suspicion of this rare disease in a patient with suspected skin lesions and predisposing factors.","PeriodicalId":52324,"journal":{"name":"Sahel Medical Journal","volume":"2 3","pages":"195 - 197"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41261222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recurrent urinary tract infection due to large urinary bladder calculus in a 6-year-old child","authors":"I. Gele, S. Muhammad, S. Sa'idu, S. Ma'aji","doi":"10.4103/smj.smj_56_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/smj.smj_56_19","url":null,"abstract":"Urinary bladder calculus is an uncommon presentation in the tropics, especially in children. Large (>2.5 cm) or giant bladder stones are rare and are more common in males due to higher incidence of lower urinary tract obstruction. Ultrasonography and plain radiography play an important role in the diagnosis of urinary bladder stone as well as evaluation for complications that may be associated with this condition. A 6-year-old boy presented with a 3-month history of abdominal pain and dysuria. He was treated with antibiotics on several occasions in a rural health center with no satisfactory improvement of his symptoms. Ultrasound and intravenous urography showed a huge oval urinary bladder calculus measuring 4.5 cm × 4.2 cm × 4.0 cm with moderate bilateral hydronephrosis. We presented a rare case of large bladder calculus in a 6-year-old boy with recurrent urinary tract infection highlighting the role of ultrasonography and excretory urography in the management.","PeriodicalId":52324,"journal":{"name":"Sahel Medical Journal","volume":"23 1","pages":"198 - 200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43794154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Obstetric outcome of pregnancies complicated by hypertensive disorders of pregnancy","authors":"R. Onoh, Kanario A. Onyebuchi, J. Mamah, B. Anozie, E. Kenneth, E. Chidi","doi":"10.4103/smj.smj_48_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/smj.smj_48_19","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are of significant public health concern due to associated maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Objective: To determine the trend and obstetric outcome of pregnancies complicated by hypertensive disorders in a tertiary hospital in South-East Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Patients managed for hypertensive disorders from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2017 were recruited for the study. Case files of patients were retrieved, and information on sociodemographic variables, risk factors, and fetomaternal outcome were extracted using a pro forma. Data analysis was done using International Business Machine-Statistical Package for the Social Sciences Version 20 (IBM-SPSS Version 20, New York, USA ). Ethical clearance was obtained from the ethics and research committee of the institution. Results: During the study period, there were a total of 14,181 deliveries, of which 785 women were managed for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, thus giving a prevalence of 5.5%. Preeclampsia accounted for 62% (487) while chronic hypertension was 4.3% (34). There was a rising trend from 2012 with a peak in 2017. About 60% (181) of the patients were not booked for antenatal care. The predominant risk factors were advanced maternal age 14.2% (43) and previous history of hypertensive disorder 13.6% (41). Almost half of the patients had caesarean section (46.4%, 140). Preterm births were recorded in 56.6% (171) of the patients. Maternal and perinatal deaths were recorded in 0.7% (2) and 16.2% (941) of the patients, respectively. Conclusion: This study showed that hypertensive disorders of pregnancy remain a significant cause of adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes in pregnancy. Adequate antenatal coverage, early diagnosis, and improved emergency obstetric care services are needed to reverse the trend.","PeriodicalId":52324,"journal":{"name":"Sahel Medical Journal","volume":"23 1","pages":"141 - 146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47302006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between microalbuminuria and glomerular filtration rate in children with sickle cell anemia in steady state","authors":"Rasaki Aliu, Jalo Iliya, P. Obiagwu, A. Sani","doi":"10.4103/smj.smj_25_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/smj.smj_25_19","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Microalbuminuria (MA), a common phenomenon in children with sickle cell anemia (SCA), is defined as an increased urinary albumin–creatinine ratio of 30–300 mg/g of creatinine in an early morning or random urine specimen. Whereas some studies have shown that MA reflects early kidney damage, other studies have documented that it is a manifestation of advanced nephropathy. The reports about the relationship between glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and MA in children with SCA are conflicting. Materials and Methods: This was a longitudinal study. Serum creatinine, GFR, and albumin–creatinine ratio were determined at baseline. The individuals were followed up over 3 months during which albumin–creatinine ratio and GFR were assayed monthly, and the relationship between them was determined. Results: One hundred and seventy children aged 1–18 years with SCA and MA were studied. The mean albumin–creatinine ratio was 120.9 ± 66.8 mg/g, 138.32 ± 101.79 mg/g, 117.12 ± 78.09 mg/g, and 106.73 ± 38.82 mg/g at baseline, 1, 2, and 3 months, respectively, whereas the mean GFR was 121.7 ± 33.0 ml/min/1.73 m2, 117.69 ± 29.70 ml/min/1.73 m2, 117.56 ± 35.77 ml/min/1.732 m2, and 116.22 ± 30.28 ml/min/1.73 m2 at baseline, 1, 2, and 3 months, respectively. There was no significant relationship between MA and GFR in the participants throughout the study period (Pearson's correlation coefficients: 0.050, 0.250, 0.268, and 0.143 and corresponding P: 0.95, 0.88, 0.15, and 0.36). Conclusions: GFR is normal in SCA children with MA. There is no significant relationship between MA and GFR in children with SCA.","PeriodicalId":52324,"journal":{"name":"Sahel Medical Journal","volume":"23 1","pages":"147 - 152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44926963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histopathological characteristics of carcinoma of the uterine cervix in a tertiary hospital in southern Nigeria","authors":"S. Omenai, M. Ajani, Clement A Okolo","doi":"10.4103/smj.smj_60_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/smj.smj_60_19","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Carcinoma of the uterine cervix is the fourth-most common cancer among women worldwide, and the leading cause of cancer-related death for women in developing countries. Objective: Cervical carcinoma is a major cause of mortality in a developing nation such as Nigeria. This study provides an update on the prevalence of pathological variants of cervical carcinomas seen at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Southwestern Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study involving the review of all the histologically diagnosed cervical carcinoma in the Department of Pathology, University College Hospital, Ibadan between January 2012 and December 2016. The histologically diagnosed cancers and the relevant clinical and histopathological information relating to these tumors were extracted from the records of the department. All cases were treated as anonymous with strict confidentiality. The cases were classified using the World Health Organization histological classification of tumors of the cervix (2014). The obtained data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 23. Results: A total of 294 cases were included in this study. The peak age of diagnosis was in the 6th decade. Two hundred and fifty-two cases (86.0%) were squamous cell carcinoma, 18 cases (6.1%) were adenocarcinomas, 16 cases (5.5%) were adenosquamous carcinomas, and 6 cases (2.2%) were adenoid cystic carcinomas, and one representing 0.3% was a neuroendocrine carcinoma. The most common histological grade was moderately differentiated (Grade 2). The large cell nonkeratinizing squamous cell carcinoma was the most common histological variant.Conclusion: A majority of cervical carcinomas are squamous cell carcinomas and are majorly the large cell nonkeratinizing variant.","PeriodicalId":52324,"journal":{"name":"Sahel Medical Journal","volume":"23 1","pages":"158 - 163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43547511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pattern of fatal unintentional injuries in an urban setting in a developing nation","authors":"O. Uchendu, N. Nwachokor, E. Ijomone","doi":"10.4103/smj.smj_23_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/smj.smj_23_19","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Epidemiologic survey in most countries show a shift from infectious disease to noncommunicable diseases and injuries as major causes of death. Fatal nonintentional injuries constitute a significant but preventable cause of death in sub-Sahara Africa. Objective: The objective of this study is to describe the age, sex, and causes of fatal unintentional deaths from autopsies performed in Warri, Delta State. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive retrospective study, based on coroner's autopsies performed in Warri, Delta State, from 2003 to 2016. Information on age, sex, and causes of fatal nonintentional injuries was extracted from autopsy reports and analyzed using SPSS version 21. Results: A total of 236 fatal unintentional death victims, composed 190 (80.5%) male and 46 (19.5%) female, with a mean age of 33.08 years and peak incidence in the fourth decade were studied. Major causes of accidental deaths in this investigation include road traffic accident (RTA) (48.7%), drowning (15.5%), burns (12.3%), electrocution (10.2%), falls (4.7%), and poisoning (3.4%). Fatal RTA victims consist of 87 (75.7%) male and 28 (24.3%) female, with motorcycle-related death accounted for 52 (45%) deaths, whereas pedestrian and vehicle users each accounted for 32 (27.8%) cases. Conclusion: Unintentional deaths are relatively common but highly preventable through education and enforcement of safety practices; and safety-targeted engineering and infrastructural designs.","PeriodicalId":52324,"journal":{"name":"Sahel Medical Journal","volume":"23 1","pages":"179 - 183"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48595053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hemoperitoneum complicating venomous snakebite: A case report","authors":"A. Yakubu, Y. Musa, A. Maiyaki, S. Tambuwal","doi":"10.4103/smj.smj_62_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/smj.smj_62_19","url":null,"abstract":"Herein, we report a case of hemoperitoneum complicating venomous snakebite from a carpet viper in a young Nigerian who survived it. Review of the literature indicates that it is a rare presentation and from the available evidence, the first from Nigeria. A peculiar feature was the late presentation. Management has been discussed while highlighting some of its limitations.","PeriodicalId":52324,"journal":{"name":"Sahel Medical Journal","volume":"23 1","pages":"191 - 194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46584715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}