Epilepsy and Paroxysmal Conditions最新文献

{"title":"The experience of applying vagus nerve stimulation in treatment of pharmacoresistant epilepsy","authors":"A. A. Shatokhin, S. M. Karpov, E. V. Kushnareva, I. A. Peshkova, A. V. Shatokhin, I. Vyshlova","doi":"10.17749/2077-8333/epi.par.con.2023.160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17749/2077-8333/epi.par.con.2023.160","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents a clinical case of adult patient with pharmacoresistant epilepsy lacking focal cerebral morphological changes, who was surgically implanted with a vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) system. The results of 6 months-long treatment were analyzed. In addition, available publications were reviewed to evaluate effectiveness of the VNS system in different patient groups. Current clinical case was featured with significant positive dynamics revealed by regression of epileptic seizures and no recorded epileptiform activity based on electroencephalography during VNS stimulation. In the absence of morphological cerebral focal changes in adult patients, installation of the VNS system is an effective and safe method to control pharmacoresistant epilepsy.","PeriodicalId":52318,"journal":{"name":"Epilepsy and Paroxysmal Conditions","volume":"171 S374","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139165661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epilepsy and MELAS syndrome: literature review and clinical observation","authors":"А. М. Teplysheva, М. А. Glazova, R. N. Konovalov","doi":"10.17749/2077-8333/epi.par.con.2023.172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17749/2077-8333/epi.par.con.2023.172","url":null,"abstract":"MELAS syndrome (mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes) belongs to the group of mitochondrial diseases. Most MELAS syndrome cases are associated with the A3243G mutation in the MTTL1 gene. A common clinical manifestation of the syndrome is presented by epileptic seizures (ES) characterized by phenotypic polymorphism and resistance to antiepileptic therapy. Diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy in patients with MELAS syndrome often poses difficulties. We present a clinical case of adult patient with MELAS syndrome with identified A3243G mutation and epilepsy. The disease course developed to severe cognitive impairment. The first focal ES occurred during stroke-like episode. Further seizures were observed spontaneously, with high frequency, often manifested as a series. Focal ES often had blurred polymorphic manifestations. The choice of drug therapy took into account the side effects of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) including potentially mitochondria-related negative effects. While diagnosing EP in MELAS syndrome, it should be considered that seizures often occur during stroke-like episodes and may have blurred polymorphic clinical manifestations. Cognitive impairment in patients complicates ES detection. First-line drugs should be presented by AEDs with low mitochondrial toxicity.","PeriodicalId":52318,"journal":{"name":"Epilepsy and Paroxysmal Conditions","volume":"15 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139164731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing neurotropic effects of new antiepileptic nitrogen-containing drugs","authors":"R. Paronikyan, G. G. Avakyan, V. N. Avakyan, E. Paronikyan","doi":"10.17749/2077-8333/epi.par.con.2023.174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17749/2077-8333/epi.par.con.2023.174","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: to evaluate an effectiveness of new nitrogen-containing compounds for alleviating epileptiform conditions in animal experimental study, and conduct molecular modeling of a new neurotropic drug.Material and methods. The anticonvulsant and psychotropic effects of six new heterocyclic compounds synthesized at the Institute of Fine Organic Chemistry were analyzed: № 1 (tetrahydrobenzothienopyrimidine), № 2 (pyridopyrimidine), № 3 (pyranotriazolopyridine), № 4 (thioalkylpyranotriazolopyridine), № 5 (pyrazolyltetrahydrothienoisoquinoline), and № 6 (thioxopyranopyridine). Experiments were carried out with 300 white outbred male mice weighing 18–24 g and 48 male rats weighing 120–150 g. The anticonvulsant spectrum of action was assessed in mice using the following tests: maximum electric shock, corazole-induced seizure. The psychotropic compound-related properties were analyzed using the following tests: elevated plus maze, open field, conflict situation. The neurotoxic compound-related effects were evaluated by incoordination of movements in rotating rod test. Comparison was performed with pufemide (3-(p-isopropoxyphenyl)succinimide), ethosuximide and diazepam.Results. The new nitrogen-containing drugs were revealed to exhibit high anticonvulsant activity, especially observed in corazoleinduced seizure test. All select compounds have anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, psychosedative or behavior-activating effects. Compound № 1 (N3212) is the most effective (median effective dose is 16 mg/kg) in antagonism to corazole action and is significantly superior to ethosuximide and pufemide exceeding by 10- and 5-fold, respectively. The compound shows least toxic (median lethal dose is 2300 mg/kg) and low neurotoxic (median toxic dose is 660 mg/kg) effects. Therapeutic and protective indices for Compound No. 1 exceeds that of ethosuximide by 17- and 13-fold, and of pufemide by 6- and 8-fold, respectively.Conclusion. The select compounds are superior to the approved drugs used in medical practice, pufemide and ethosuximide. A Compound N3212 selected among them may find application as an anticonvulsant drug with psychotropic effects.","PeriodicalId":52318,"journal":{"name":"Epilepsy and Paroxysmal Conditions","volume":"13 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139168178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DEPDC5-related familial focal epilepsy","authors":"T. Kozhanova, S. S. Zhilina, L. M. Sushko, E. Lukyanova, K. V. Osipova, A. I. Krapivkin, N. N. Zavadenko","doi":"10.17749/2077-8333/epi.par.con.2023.159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17749/2077-8333/epi.par.con.2023.159","url":null,"abstract":"Focal epilepsy is the most common type of epilepsy accounting for 60–70% of all cases of this pathology. We present two familial cases of focal epilepsy associated with a nucleotide sequence variant in DEPDC5 gene. Clinical and ancestry examination was performed by using instrumental (magnetic resonance imaging, video-electroencephalography) and genetic testing methods. The nucleotide sequence variants in DEPDC5 gene were found in two probands and paired fathers with epilepsy. Focal cortical dysplasia was detected only in the father of Proband 1 as well as Proband 2 with resistant epilepsy and severe cognitive deficit. Hence, such clinical cases confirm that pathogenic variants in DEPDC5 gene are related with familial focal epilepsy, which clinical manifestation may depend on the type of identified mutation. The study of genotype-phenotype correlations is necessary to apply proper therapy. Before surgical treatment of epilepsy, the genetic testing by whole exome or whole genome sequencing should be performed.","PeriodicalId":52318,"journal":{"name":"Epilepsy and Paroxysmal Conditions","volume":"7 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139169010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new approach to spatial localization of EEG-based electrical activity","authors":"А. V. Vartanov","doi":"10.17749/2077-8333/epi.par.con.2023.177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17749/2077-8333/epi.par.con.2023.177","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Accuracy and reliability of methods for spatial localization of brain activity based on electroencephalography (EEG) data do not lose relevance. Existing localization methods are coupled to specific difficulties due to ambiguity of the resulting solution.Ojective: verification of a new method for localizing brain activity using EEG data “Virtually Implanted Electrode” and demonstratoin of its capabilities.Material and methods. The new method was verified using deep brain stimulation (DBS) data. There were used the data from scalp electrical activity induced solely by potentials from two electrodes implanted into deep areas of human brain. It was achieved by filtering EEG signals at the stimulation frequency and excluding signals from other brain areas. A clinical case of applying the new method for EEG analysis of patient paroxysmal activity is presented as well.Results. Based on the verification data for the new “Virtually Implanted Electrode” method, it was shown that it allowed to quite accurately determine the localization of DBS current sources. The effectiveness of using the method for analyzing the mechanisms of paroxysmal activity was demonstrated: based on change in potentials calculated in 33 sites of the brain (brain areas), three groups of areas were identified specifically contributing to development of paroxysmal activity. For comparison, the same artificial DBS sources were localized using other verified methods: the BrainLoc (Russia) and sLORETA (Switzerland) software providing substantially worse data.Conclusion. Identifying spatial localization of electrical potentials recorded on the scalp surface by using the new approach with the “Virtually Implanted Electrode” method shows high efficiency and reliability, demonstrating a clear advantage over other known localization methods.","PeriodicalId":52318,"journal":{"name":"Epilepsy and Paroxysmal Conditions","volume":"20 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138597868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-stroke epileptic seizures: risk factors, clinical presentation, principles of diagnosis and treatment","authors":"O. A. Al-Sahli, L. M. Tibekina, O. Subbotina, V. Flud","doi":"10.17749/2077-8333/epi.par.con.2023.135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17749/2077-8333/epi.par.con.2023.135","url":null,"abstract":"Post-stroke developing epileptic seizures represent a severe complication aggravating post-stroke condition. Epilepsy can exacerbate cognitive, psychopathological, somatic disorders resulting from cerebrovascular and comorbid diseases. Despite that post-stroke epilepsy (PSE) is a rather common type of acquired structural epilepsy, the issues related to diagnosis and management often raise difficulties for clinicians. Patients with severe strokes affecting brain, cortex, acute symptomatic seizures and intracerebral hemorrhage are at greater risk of developing PSE. Timely neurophysiological, neuroradiological research methods, assessed blood biomarkers as well as prognostic models provide information that complements PSE clinical risk factors. The management of post-stroke acute and long-term (late) symptomatic seizures differs markedly. At the same time, the choice of an optimal anticonvulsant drug should be based not only on its effectiveness, but also on related side effects, pharmacodynamics as well as an impact on concomitant diseases. Drug interactions, especially between anticonvulsants and anticoagulants or antiplatelet agents also affect a choice of treatment, which should be taken into consideration for management of PSE patients.","PeriodicalId":52318,"journal":{"name":"Epilepsy and Paroxysmal Conditions","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81049858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Awareness of doctors and epilepsy patients about preferential drug provision","authors":"A. S. Romanov, E. F. Sharakhova, N. Shova, V. Mikhailov","doi":"10.17749/2077-8333/epi.par.con.2023.143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17749/2077-8333/epi.par.con.2023.143","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52318,"journal":{"name":"Epilepsy and Paroxysmal Conditions","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75198691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inclusion of epilepsy in life skills education of primary school learners: the perceptions of life skills advisors in Mpumalanga and Limpopo Provinces (South Africa)","authors":"T. G. Makhado, R. T. Lebese, M. Maputle","doi":"10.17749/2077-8333/epi.par.con.2023.146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17749/2077-8333/epi.par.con.2023.146","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52318,"journal":{"name":"Epilepsy and Paroxysmal Conditions","volume":"262 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90526232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overview of mathematical EEG analysis. Quantitative EEG","authors":"А. А. Ivanov","doi":"10.17749/2077-8333/epi.par.con.2023.154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17749/2077-8333/epi.par.con.2023.154","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this article is to familiarize medical specialists involved in registration and analysis of electroencephalographic (EEG) studies using methods of mathematical processing and analysis for recorded EEG data. Understanding the principles of how quantitative EEG analysis tools work should help medical personnel to properly use their capabilities and ultimately improve quality of medical care. Here, we discuss basic and innovative mathematical tools for EEG processing and analysis.","PeriodicalId":52318,"journal":{"name":"Epilepsy and Paroxysmal Conditions","volume":"149 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86658256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First aid for generalized seizures: modern approaches and opportunities for improvement","authors":"А. А. Birkun, L. I. Dezhurny","doi":"10.17749/2077-8333/epi.par.con.2023.142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17749/2077-8333/epi.par.con.2023.142","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52318,"journal":{"name":"Epilepsy and Paroxysmal Conditions","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87480877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}