InterEULawEast最新文献

{"title":"WHAT INSPIRES CONSUMERS TO PAY MORE: MEDIATING EVIDENCE OF BRAND PREFERENCE","authors":"Sara Mahmood, S. Jabeen, M. Fiaz, Mobina Farasat, Muhammad Farhan","doi":"10.22598/iele.2021.8.2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22598/iele.2021.8.2.3","url":null,"abstract":"The recent developments in branding have changed the market trend, and people are willing to pay more for branded products. The basic aim of this research work is to investigate the impact of brand image on the customer’s willingness to pay more/ price premium for the branded products. This study also focuses on how customers brand preferences mediate this relationship. A deductive approach has been used for this study. The population of this research is the consumers of the fast-food industry. To evaluate the hypothesized relationship, the data is collected from 550 students from three different universities in Lahore, Pakistan. The SPSS Amos software has been used to analyze the data through correlation coefficient and regression analysis. This research study provides useful information to policy-makers in identifying and analyzing the factors that can play an essential role in building a favorable brand image in the minds of customers.","PeriodicalId":52280,"journal":{"name":"InterEULawEast","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91076251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CURRENT STATUS, STANDARDIZATIONAND CERTIFICATION-RELATED REGULATORY CHALLENGES FACING UKRAINE WITH ITS EU PARTNERSHIP AGENDA","authors":"Maryna Derevyanko, Harold Neal, M. Lazarenko, A. Bolotina, V. Zelensky","doi":"10.22598/iele.2021.8.2.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22598/iele.2021.8.2.10","url":null,"abstract":"This study assesses the existing initiatives of the Ukrainian government in the field of regulation of standardization and certification, related to the implementation of the EU-Ukraine Association Agreement, and the adaptation of Ukrainian legislation to European standards. The study intends to identify the challenges that may create barriers for Ukrainian businesses in this area and to determine the areas and prospects of the politically motivated regulation related to their overcoming. Considering the evolution of regulation in the relevant area in Ukraine, the study gives grounds to assert that in recent years the government has made significant efforts in adapting national standards of a technical regulation to the EU legislation, which are related to simplification of standardization and certification procedures and access to both EU and Ukrainian markets. In practical terms, this study is of interest not only to lawyers but also for all businesses focusing both on European and Ukrainian markets.","PeriodicalId":52280,"journal":{"name":"InterEULawEast","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91314372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LEGAL AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF MONETARY REGULATION OF THE EUROPEAN SYSTEM OF CENTRAL BANKS","authors":"V. Tuliakov, H. Alekseievska, S. Yakubovsky","doi":"10.22598/iele.2021.8.2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22598/iele.2021.8.2.4","url":null,"abstract":"Monetary regulation is one of the most important components of government policy. The monetary regulation policy of the European Central Bank has undergone important transformations over the past ten years as a result of measures that were taken in response to the global financial crisis of 2008. Today the main problem of the ECB is not inflation, but stimulation of the post-crisis development of European countries. As a result, many new elements have been added to the ideology and practice of monetary regulation. Moreover, new challenges, such as a pandemic, are prompting the ECB to seek new means of influencing financial markets and, ultimately, the real sector of the economy. The paper presents the modern system of monetary regulation in the EU, characterizes its structure and legal status. The consequences of the application of unconventional measures of monetary regulation in the EU in the period after the 2008 crisis and during the COVID 19 crisis were determined. The effectiveness of the ECB's actions in overcoming the crisis was analyzed. On the example of the decision of the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany, the reasons were identified and the consequences of the conflict between the EU legislation and national legislation in the issue of the jurisdiction of monetary regulation were assessed. © 2021 University of Zagreb Faculty of Economics and Business. All rights reserved.","PeriodicalId":52280,"journal":{"name":"InterEULawEast","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89298101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PREVENTION OF TAKING AND KILLING OF HOSTAGES: INTERNATIONAL LEGAL REGULATION","authors":"Oleksandr Sainchyn, O. Kuchynska, Y. Tsyganyuk, M. Hromova","doi":"10.22598/IELE.2021.8.1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22598/IELE.2021.8.1.8","url":null,"abstract":"In the 21st century, the threat of international terrorism has replaced the threat of “classic” military confrontations inherent in previous centuries. Despite the fact that terrorist attacks are usually aimed at achieving political goals, however, human lives often become a means of achieving such goals, which creates many challenges not only for world politics and global security but also for internal legal regulation. The issue of the legal definition of the taking and killing of hostages as the methods and types of committing terrorist acts is often fraught with significant difficulties. Using the method of comparative legal analysis, this study analyzes the legal norms of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, which provide for punishment for the murder of hostages, as well as some problems of interpreting these legal norms in the context of foreign experience. Having studied these circumstances, the authors emphasize the importance of differentiating the dispositive norms of the Criminal Code of Ukraine related to the murder of hostages. The study shows that the Crimi* Oleksandr Sainchyn, Kherson State University, Odesa, Ukraine; sainchynole@ukr.net. ** Oksana Kuchynska, Institute of Law, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine; okskuchynska@ukr.net. *** Volodymyr Hryniuk, Institute of Law, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine; volhryniuk@ukr.net. **** Yuliya Tsyganyuk, Khmelnytsky Institute of Interregional Academy of Personnel Management, Khmelnytsky, Ukraine; tsyganyukyu@yahoo.com. **** Maryna Hromova, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine; marhromova@yahoo.com. Intereulaweast, Vol. VIII (1) 2021 154 nal Code of Ukraine contains identical legal norms providing for legal liability for the same criminal offense: the premeditated murder of a hostage and the taking of a hostage, which led to grave consequences. The study raises the question and encourages discussion as to whether the lack of direct intent in the killing of hostages is possible. Since scientific and theoretical developments in this direction and the practical testing of criminal law norms for the murder of a hostage and the taking of a hostage leave many open questions, criminal lawyers are given the opportunity for scientific and theoretical research.","PeriodicalId":52280,"journal":{"name":"InterEULawEast","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80254742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE IMPORTANCE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF THE MARKETING MIX ELEMENTS IN A FASHION RETAILING","authors":"I. Kovač, M. Palić, Maja Tolić","doi":"10.22598/IELE.2021.8.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22598/IELE.2021.8.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"Significant and fast changes in the retail market, and especially in the retail market of fashion products, require constant care to create the most effective marketing mix. Consequently, the aim of this paper was to investigate the significance of certain elements of the marketing mix in the retail of fashion products in the Croatian market. For this purpose, empirical research was conducted on a sample of 537 subjects. It was conducted using an electronic questionnaire, which was distributed through the social network “Facebook” and was also e-mailed. The SPSS software package was used for data processing. The research findings indicate that the features of the range as a whole are the most important for consumers in fashion retail. The same research suggests that services to the consumer are somewhat less important while price as an element of the marketing mix in the retail of fashion is the least important element. The research further shows that there is no great importance and significance to the appearance and atmosphere of a retail store for fashion products. The location of fashion retail is important only in terms of the proximity of fashion retail to the place of residence. Although we do not find the importance of promotion as a whole in the retail of fashion products in the Republic of Croatia in the research, we can emphasize that the importance, when it comes to promotion, should be devoted to giveaway programs, seasonal discounts, etc.","PeriodicalId":52280,"journal":{"name":"InterEULawEast","volume":"211 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75874293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SHORT-TERM IMPORT DEMAND ELASTICITIES: THE CASE OF HUNGARY","authors":"I. Novak","doi":"10.22598/IELE.2021.8.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22598/IELE.2021.8.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"This paper attempts to explore the short-term dynamics of price and income import demand elasticities in the case of Hungary. Research data encompass the time period from 1996Q1 to 2018Q3. Using a relatively novel approach of T.V.P. (time-varying parameters) this paper gives further insight into the short-term dynamics of Hungarian imports. Income import demand elasticity was found to be significant and mostly positive while price effect was time-dependent and bidirectional rendering itself non-significant in the final state. Furthermore, Hungary’s accession to European Union was not significantly influencing import demand patterns with other European Union members. These findings add new information to the body of knowl-edge regarding import trade elasticities of transition countries.","PeriodicalId":52280,"journal":{"name":"InterEULawEast","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85722733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DOES EU TRADE INTEGRATION SUPPORT EXPORT PROMOTION: PROBIT ANALYSIS, EVIDENCE FROM KOSOVO","authors":"Gazmend Qorraj, Gezim Jusufi","doi":"10.22598/IELE.2021.8.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22598/IELE.2021.8.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"This article aims to explore European Union (EU) trade opportunities in the con-text of regional integration for Kosovo. Although the EU plays a role in investment promotion, monitoring, and settlement of trade disputes, there is a dilemma about benefits from EU trade openness for the countries of the region. According to the Infant Industry approach, there is a trade-off between European integration and benefits from free trade agreements in countries such as Kosovo, taking into consideration the unfavorable position of local firms due to political challenges and the long transition period for this country. This article aims to estimate whether trade integration is a significant condition for the export performance of firms or if, on the contrary, firm performance has a strong impact on export performance. We explore the link between firm characteristics and market integration by analyzing two different groups of firms, exporting and non-exporting firms, and their access to the EU market. Therefore, the core research questions of the paper are a) is the external financing a significant factor to support the firms’ export; b) Did technolog-ical process and improvement of production capabilities of the firms enables export promotion; c) Did the level of education respectively human resources of the firms could have a positive impact on export growth. Based on Probit model analyses, the main conclusions are as follows: exporting firms obtained external funding, which they invested in production capacity, and non-exporting firms used their own limited financial resources. Of note is that for both groups, education level does not matter in that it does not increase the probability of firms accessing the EU market.","PeriodicalId":52280,"journal":{"name":"InterEULawEast","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82526517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION FROM THE ASPECT OF CRIMINAL LAW","authors":"G. Mršić","doi":"10.22598/IELE.2021.8.1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22598/IELE.2021.8.1.7","url":null,"abstract":"According to the Criminal Law, the protection of the natural human environment implies specific incriminations, i.e., environmental crimes that are punishable to preserve and create a healthy environment for the human species in line with the economic and technical development. Environmental problems created by society’s progress (civilization) have political, economic, scientific, and legal, i.e., international legal dimensions. Today, a common topic is an ecological crisis caused by pollution and contamination of Earth, i.e., the disturbance of the balance and rhythm of the biosphere. Using the natural resources of our planet in a way that destroys it and prevents its regeneration requires special Criminal Law sanctions that will protect the natural environment and preclude our planet from becoming unsuitable for life. Therefore, we can increasingly use the term ecocide, i.e., utilizing natural resources without considering the necessity of developing a strategy for the use, harmonization, and preservation of a healthy human environment. This is a dualistic approach that links the protection of nature as an independent asset to protect the human quality of life as an individual and social issue. The paper will analyze the effectiveness of environmental protection from the Criminal Law aspect and point out the need for a more significant application of Administrative Law measures, especially the preventative ones, as a more effective tool for environmental protection.","PeriodicalId":52280,"journal":{"name":"InterEULawEast","volume":"201 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75516454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TRANSFORMATION OF LABOR LEGISLATION IN THE DIGITAL ECONOMY","authors":"M. Inshyn, T. Vakhonieva, A. Denysenko, Khrystyna Dzhura","doi":"10.22598/IELE.2021.8.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22598/IELE.2021.8.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study, which is based on the method of political and legal analysis, is to identify and assess the modern challenges faced by legal systems of different states in the field of adaptation of labor legislation to new types of social and legal relations arising under the influence of the digital economy. This study allows asserting that today’s adaptation of labor legislation of different countries in the conditions of the digital economy is at the initial stages and the existing legal mechanisms are not entirely adapted to many new types of legal relations. The evolution of this legislation today is slowed down by the lack of a sufficient conceptual apparatus, a clearly defined sphere of legislative regulation, which in turn is also due to dynamic changes in the field of digital technologies. This study can be used to improve legal regulation in the field of labor law.","PeriodicalId":52280,"journal":{"name":"InterEULawEast","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75007427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FOCUSING ON FINANCIAL LITERACY – A STEP TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE FINANCING (INFRASTRUCTURE) FOR SMEs","authors":"Gordana Golubić","doi":"10.22598/IELE.2021.8.1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22598/IELE.2021.8.1.6","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses whether the EU’s current financial services regulatory and supervisory policymaking efforts, absent a holistic strategy on access to financial education and improvements to financial literacy are adequate in their current design and deployment for the average microor small-to-medium-sized enterprise (collectively SMEs). This article assesses the European Commission’s efforts on improving access to financial education and various offerings across the EU-27 as well as the resulting policy options to improve the financial literacy of SMEs, whether as a part of CMU 2.0 or otherwise. This paper equally examines if there is a link between the greater access to financial education by (micro) SMEs could ultimately strengthen the EU’s Capital Markets Union project (CMU) as well as other efforts building upon CMU. This is based on the idea that a well-rounded education that provides basic financial education together with understanding risks of speculative investing and benefits of long-term investing might incentivize an additional flux of investments into European capital markets, including across borders and thus reduce fragmentation – another of CMU’s core aims. This paper aims to provide an introduction to some of the challenges faced in the fragmented approach across the EU to financial education and financial literacy generally and, absent definitive data available concerning SMEs, the respective challenges this poses for CMU and the EU Single Market more generally. Furthermore, this paper provides an overview of the efforts to increase the level of financial * Gordana Golubić, Golubić & Partners Law Firm, Zagreb, Croatia; gordana.golubic@ golubic.net. ** Michael Huertas, Dentons Europe LLP, Frankfurt, Germany; michael.huertas@dentons.com. Intereulaweast, Vol. VIII (1) 2021 92 literacy across the EU-27, while looking at lessons from the United States. This paper concludes with an overview of policy options that might be available to the European Commission, including through the increased use of digitized delivery.","PeriodicalId":52280,"journal":{"name":"InterEULawEast","volume":"133 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85417998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}