State and Local Government Review最新文献

{"title":"State Interventions and Interlocal Collaborations Across the Three Pillars of Sustainability","authors":"Jayce L. Farmer","doi":"10.1177/0160323X221089664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0160323X221089664","url":null,"abstract":"The literature on interlocal sustainability has acknowledged that the resources and authority of state governments influence the collaborative sustainability policy actions of local governments. However, there is an absence of empirical evidence that shows how this influence varies across the environmental protection, economic development, and social equity pillars of sustainability. This study uses data from a 2015 national survey of U.S. cities to shed light on the connection between state-level interventions and regional partnerships across the three primary sustainability policy dimensions. With an understanding gleaned from the concept of contested federalism, this analysis employed Bayesian techniques to examine how state fiscal support for sustainability, along with fiscal and functional decentralization in state systems, affect municipal collaborative policy efforts. The findings suggest a positive link between supportive state-level endeavors and local-level collaborations. However, state influences can have different implications across the three pillars of sustainability.","PeriodicalId":52260,"journal":{"name":"State and Local Government Review","volume":"54 1","pages":"120 - 145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47761326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Local Autonomy and Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"D. Patton, A. Durand, Kyle Whipple, D. Albright","doi":"10.1177/0160323X221089661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0160323X221089661","url":null,"abstract":"We examine local government response to the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States utilizing a unique dataset created by the National League of Cities. The most common action by local governments was changing administrative procedures and implementing policies aimed at prevention or “flattening the curve”. The general public was the most common population target. In addition to detailing the most common local action types, policy areas, and population targets, we analyze local response based on the autonomy granted to local governments by states. We expected local governments with greater levels of autonomy would have a greater level of response; however, some local governments did not ‘behave’ as expected based on their degree of policymaking autonomy granted by state governments. Some states with higher levels of autonomy enacted relatively few local actions in response to the pandemic, whereas some with little autonomy engaged in considerable activity to address COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":52260,"journal":{"name":"State and Local Government Review","volume":"54 1","pages":"165 - 173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45088594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Antiracist Index for State Level Assessment","authors":"S. Larson","doi":"10.1177/0160323X221089639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0160323X221089639","url":null,"abstract":"In 2020, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security identified white supremacists as the most lethal threat in America. White supremacy is a system rooted in racist policies and ideas that produce and normalize racial inequities. Combatting white supremacism thus requires identification and promotion of antiracist policies, actions, and systemic changes. This study constructs an Antiracist Index comprised of 15 indicators to assess the degree to which American states exhibit antiracist conditions across political, economic, and cultural dimensions. Indices are rank-ordered for all 50 states, from Very High to Very Low scores. Results demonstrate that three indicators—self-defense laws, gun ownership, and support for Black Lives Matter—primarily impact both high and low ranking states. The Antiracism Index thus serves as an exploratory assessment tool which enables state-by-state comparisons, identification of antiracist indicators, and the ability to monitor changes in racism and antiracism moving forward.","PeriodicalId":52260,"journal":{"name":"State and Local Government Review","volume":"54 1","pages":"236 - 255"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45122838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accountability and Collaboration for Intergovernmental Performance Management: Communicating Goals through the HUD Grantmaking Process","authors":"J. Musso, C. Weare, J. W. Stanley","doi":"10.1177/0160323X221081515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0160323X221081515","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an exploratory case study of a performance-based intergovernmental grant program, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development's (HUD) homeless assistance grants to local Continuums of Care (CoC). The goal is to illuminate the mechanisms by which a federal agency may communicate its priority goals to local grant recipients and seek to promote local actions that further those goals. The mixed-methods case study finds that meeting HUD performance targets does not lead to larger awards in the competitive grant process, casting doubt on the strength of incentives provided by the competitive grants. Nevertheless, the grant making process plays an important role in communicating federal priorities. The system performance metrics emphasized in the grant process coupled with targeted technical assistance appear to promote a focus on performance at the local level and play a role in system reform and capacity building.","PeriodicalId":52260,"journal":{"name":"State and Local Government Review","volume":"54 1","pages":"256 - 266"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44308123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance Management Research for State and Local Government: Where It Should Go Next","authors":"David N. Ammons","doi":"10.1177/0160323x221084751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0160323x221084751","url":null,"abstract":"Considerable research on performance management at all levels of government, including state and local, has been published in recent years. Much of this work has attempted to describe or explain various aspects of the performance management phenomenon, including conditions associated with adoption, the motives and reactions of various actors, and perceptions about success or failure. This is research about performance management in state and local government. A smaller set of research, because it addresses in a utilitarian way the performance management options of state and local government practitioners, comprises the subset of performance management research for state and local government. Performance management researchers could perform a great service for state and local government if a larger portion of their research tested the efficacy of performance management in the public sector and, if efficacy is confirmed, identified the factors associated with its success.","PeriodicalId":52260,"journal":{"name":"State and Local Government Review","volume":"54 1","pages":"195 - 201"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42999675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Welcome to New Editorial Board Members for 2022","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/0160323x221091909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0160323x221091909","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52260,"journal":{"name":"State and Local Government Review","volume":"54 1","pages":"5 - 6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45376790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diffusion of Data-Driven Practices: How the Opinion Leading U.S. Cities are Advancing the use of Data in Local Government","authors":"Ruth Puttick, Lisa Fiedler, Jennifer Park","doi":"10.1177/0160323X221088017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0160323X221088017","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding why cities are leaders in data-driven local government can help diffuse best practices to support better decision-making and improve government services. This study surveyed US local government professionals and generated a new practitioner-led definition of data-driven local government and it identified the opinion leader cities viewed as exemplars in their use of data. To our knowledge, this study is the first practitioner-generated definition of data-driven local government and the first depiction of a local government network of data-driven efforts.","PeriodicalId":52260,"journal":{"name":"State and Local Government Review","volume":"54 1","pages":"52 - 67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49427222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding Local Government Coordination: An Assessment of District Coordination Committees in Nepal","authors":"Thaneshwar Bhusal","doi":"10.1177/0160323X221087909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0160323X221087909","url":null,"abstract":"This observational study of local government coordination brings fresh assessment of institutions and processes of District Coordination Committees (DCCs) in facilitating horizontal coordination across local governments and vertical coordination between federal, provincial, and local governments in Nepal. Necessary qualitative data – observational notes, interview transcripts and selected official publications – were generated based on researcher's two year's professional experience at the DCC in a remote district of Rasuwa in Nepal. Analysis is conducted in line with what John Halligan (2020) has explained as analytical elements of horizontal and vertical coordination. Findings suggest that although DCCs seem less effective local institutions in fostering both horizontal and vertical coordination, they are increasingly providing the most plausible avenues for politicians, administrators, and ordinary people to get together in materialising the constitutional thirst to implement cooperative federalism in Nepal.","PeriodicalId":52260,"journal":{"name":"State and Local Government Review","volume":"54 1","pages":"68 - 81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45279548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Declining Civility and Growing Political Violence at the Local Level: A Threat to American Democracy","authors":"V. Williams, Jacob Gottlieb, Tina R. Lee","doi":"10.1177/0160323X221089945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0160323X221089945","url":null,"abstract":"Over the last few years, the American polity has abandoned civility and increasingly resorted to anger, vitriol and violence rather than dialog to share their problems and express differences. Dr. Michael McCullough, a psychology professor at the University of Miami, argues civility is crucial for maintaining orderliness in a society wherein the absence of civility there is anarchy and disorder — resulting in a broken society (Gutierrez 2018). In a 2019 survey, 93 percent of Americans identified incivility as a problem and 68 percent as a major problem (Shandwick 2019). Local officials work at the level of government most connected to the people they serve, and with that comes great honor but also great challenge. In today’s hostile political climate, local officials have been increasingly exposed to uncivil incidences that have escalated into harassment, threats and violence (Table 1). A recent report by the National League of Cities (NLC) indicated that 81 percent of surveyed local public officials have experienced harassment, threats and violence, with social media, other online forums and city meetings (in-person or online) being the most common venues local officials endure this behavior (Anthony et al. 2021). NLC also reported that 87 percent of surveyed local public officials have observed an increase in attacks during their time in office (Anthony et al. 2021). Multiple local officials surveyed by NLC anecdotally shared that while harassment, threats and violence had been heightened for a few years, this behavior got dramatically worse since the start of the pandemic (Anthony et al. 2021). The harassment, threats and violence local officials endure most commonly manifests online or at public meetings (Anthony et al. 2021). In Georgia, Karen Watkins, Gwinnett County School Board’s vice chair, received threats during a public meeting in May over the school board’s masking requirements where she was told that her constituents “are coming for [her]” (Kamenetz 2021). However, these incidences have increasingly moved from city and town halls to the front lawns of local officials. Also in Georgia, two local election workers, Ruby Freeman and Wandrea Moss were pressured to make false claims of voter fraud in the 2020 presidential election. After refusing to lie, a far-right media outlet spread conspiracies about the two women that resulted in a mob surrounding their house (Szep and So 2021). While many local leaders believe that the surge in harassment, threats and violence they","PeriodicalId":52260,"journal":{"name":"State and Local Government Review","volume":"54 1","pages":"7 - 12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45618457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SLGR – The Year Behind, the Year Ahead","authors":"Kimberly L. Nelson, E. Zeemering","doi":"10.1177/0160323x221092077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0160323x221092077","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52260,"journal":{"name":"State and Local Government Review","volume":"54 1","pages":"3 - 4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48660008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}