KOREAN JOURNAL OF PLANT TAXONOMY最新文献

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The complete chloroplast genome of Diarthron linifolium (Thymelaeaceae), a species found on a limestone outcrop in eastern Asia 在东亚石灰岩露头上发现的一个物种——丽叶菊的完整叶绿体基因组
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KOREAN JOURNAL OF PLANT TAXONOMY Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.11110/kjpt.2021.51.4.345
Sang-Tae Kim, Sang-Hun Oh, Jongsun Park
{"title":"The complete chloroplast genome of Diarthron linifolium (Thymelaeaceae), a species found on a limestone outcrop in eastern Asia","authors":"Sang-Tae Kim, Sang-Hun Oh, Jongsun Park","doi":"10.11110/kjpt.2021.51.4.345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11110/kjpt.2021.51.4.345","url":null,"abstract":"Diarthron linifolium Turcz. is an annual herb usually found in sandy soil or limestone areas. Plants in the genus Diarthron are known to have toxic chemicals that may, however, be potentially useful as an anticancer treatment. Diarthron linifolium is a unique species among the species of the genus distributed in Korea. Here, we determine the genetic variation of D. linifolium collected in Korea with a full chloroplast genome and investigate its evolutionary status by means of a phylogenetic analysis. The chloroplast genome of Korean D. linifolium has a total length of 172,644 bp with four subregions; 86,158 bp of large single copy and 2,858 bp of small single copy (SSC) regions are separated by 41,814 bp of inverted repeat (IR) regions. We found that the SSC region of D. linifolium is considerably short but that IRs are relatively long in comparison with other chloroplast genomes. Various simple sequence repeats were identified, and our nucleotide diversity analysis suggested potential marker regions near ndhF. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that D. linifolium from Korea is a sister to the group of Daphne species.","PeriodicalId":52232,"journal":{"name":"KOREAN JOURNAL OF PLANT TAXONOMY","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41782778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
New records of flowering plants collected from the Phou Khao Khouay National Biodiversity Conservation Area for the flora of Laos 老挝Phou Khao Khouay国家生物多样性保护区开花植物新记录
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KOREAN JOURNAL OF PLANT TAXONOMY Pub Date : 2021-09-30 DOI: 10.11110/kjpt.2021.51.3.305
C. Lim, Kyoung-Eun Lee, Hyun-Sung Cho, Veosavanh Saysavanh, Hyosig Won
{"title":"New records of flowering plants collected from the Phou Khao Khouay National Biodiversity Conservation Area for the flora of Laos","authors":"C. Lim, Kyoung-Eun Lee, Hyun-Sung Cho, Veosavanh Saysavanh, Hyosig Won","doi":"10.11110/kjpt.2021.51.3.305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11110/kjpt.2021.51.3.305","url":null,"abstract":"We report 14 species of flowering plants as new additions to the flora of Laos. These are Illex viridis (Aquifoliaceae), Capparis erycibe (Capparaceae), Euphorbia bokorensis (Euphorbiaceae), Exacum darae (Gentianaceae), Aeschynanthus cambodiensis (Gesneriaceae), Tetraphyllum roseum (Gesneriaceae), Utricularia gibba (Lentibulariaceae), Macrosolen brandisianus (Loranthaceae), Decaschistia siamensis (Malvaceae), Nyssa yunnanensis (Nyssaceae), Adenia penangiana var. penangiana (Passifloraceae), Pentaphylax euryoides (Pentaphylacaceae), Wikstroemia bokorensis (Thymelaeaceae), and Debregeasia wallichiana (Urticaceae). We discovered the species during a botanical survey of the Phou Khao Khouay National Biodiversity Conservation Area (PKKNBCA) of Lao PDR in 2015-2019. In addition, nine rarely collected flowering plant species in Laos are newly reported for the PKKNBCA.","PeriodicalId":52232,"journal":{"name":"KOREAN JOURNAL OF PLANT TAXONOMY","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42134875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Chromosome numbers of eight Carex taxa in Korea (Cyperaceae) 韩国八个苔草分类群的染色体数目(莎草科)
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KOREAN JOURNAL OF PLANT TAXONOMY Pub Date : 2021-09-30 DOI: 10.11110/kjpt.2021.51.3.192
Kyong-Sook Chung, G. Chung
{"title":"Chromosome numbers of eight Carex taxa in Korea (Cyperaceae)","authors":"Kyong-Sook Chung, G. Chung","doi":"10.11110/kjpt.2021.51.3.192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11110/kjpt.2021.51.3.192","url":null,"abstract":"In the flora of Korea, Carex L. is one of the most species-rich genera. Among nearly 157 Carex taxa, less than 30 have had their chromosome numbers reported. We report the meiotic chromosome numbers of eight Carex taxa from Korean populations, which include the first count for C. accrescens Ohwi (n = 37II) and the first chromosome investigations of Korean populations for three taxa: C. bostrychostigma Maxim. (n = 22II), C. lanceolata Boott (n = 36II), and C. paxii Kük. (n = 38II). In most species, chromosome counts observed in the study are included within the variation ranges of previous chromosome numbers. However, C. bostrychostigma Maxim. (n = 22II) and C. planiculmis Kom. (n = 29II) are assigned new chromosome numbers. Carex is known to have holocentric chromosomes, lacking visible primary constrictions and exhibiting great variance in its chromosome number. Further investigations of the diversity of Carex chromosomes will provide basic information with which to understand the high species diversity of the genus.","PeriodicalId":52232,"journal":{"name":"KOREAN JOURNAL OF PLANT TAXONOMY","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45052568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Re-examination of the vascular plants on Hongdo Island, Korea 韩国红岛维管植物的再考察
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KOREAN JOURNAL OF PLANT TAXONOMY Pub Date : 2021-09-30 DOI: 10.11110/kjpt.2021.51.3.205
Young-Jong Jang, Jongsun Park, J. Lee, Ji-yeon Lee, Byoung-Hee Choi
{"title":"Re-examination of the vascular plants on Hongdo Island, Korea","authors":"Young-Jong Jang, Jongsun Park, J. Lee, Ji-yeon Lee, Byoung-Hee Choi","doi":"10.11110/kjpt.2021.51.3.205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11110/kjpt.2021.51.3.205","url":null,"abstract":"This study was carried out to survey the flora of Hongdo Island in Sinan-gun, Jeollanam-do, South Korea. Specimens collected from previous Hongdo flora studies were reexamined using a relevant biodiversity database, and field surveys were carried out 22 times from April of 2003 to October of 2020. Based on the specimens collected during both previous studies and this study, the identified vascular plants of Hongdo consisted of 472 taxa comprising 102 families, 296 genera, 425 species, 6 subspecies, and 41 varieties. Among them, 111 taxa are newly recorded in this study, and 6 taxa are described in detail in terms of their morphological characteristics and habitat. Also, 29 taxa were reviewed or re-identified with corresponding taxonomic annotations. In Korea, Hongdo represents the northern distributional limit of the 4 taxa of Goodyera biflora, Damnacanthus major, Calanthe aristulifera, and Hemerocallis hongdoensis. Moreover, Hosta yingeri and Saussurea polylepis are endemic to Hongdo and nearby islands in Korea. Distribution maps of these species were prepared. Protected species designated by the Ministry of Environment were 7 taxa consisting of 2 taxa of level I, specifically Sedirea japonica and Neofinetia falcata, and 5 taxa of level II, which were Cymbidium macrorhizon, Woodwardia japonica, Dendrobium moniliforme, Calanthe aristulifera, and Bulbophyllum inconspicuum. Red list plants as designated by the National Institute of Biological Resources numbered 11 taxa. Naturalized plants numbered 40 taxa.","PeriodicalId":52232,"journal":{"name":"KOREAN JOURNAL OF PLANT TAXONOMY","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45838574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
The complete chloroplast genome of Limonium tetragonum (Plumbaginaceae) isolated in Korea 韩国分离的白桦属植物(Limonium tetragonum)叶绿体全基因组
IF 1
KOREAN JOURNAL OF PLANT TAXONOMY Pub Date : 2021-09-30 DOI: 10.11110/kjpt.2021.51.3.337
Yongsung Kim, Hong Xi, Jongsun Park
{"title":"The complete chloroplast genome of Limonium tetragonum (Plumbaginaceae) isolated in Korea","authors":"Yongsung Kim, Hong Xi, Jongsun Park","doi":"10.11110/kjpt.2021.51.3.337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11110/kjpt.2021.51.3.337","url":null,"abstract":"The chloroplast genome of Limonium tetragonum (Thunb.) Bullock, a halophytic species, was sequenced to understand genetic differences based on its geographical distribution. The cp genome of L. tetragonum was 154,689 bp long (GC ratio is 37.0%) and has four subregions: 84,572 bp of large single-copy (35.3%) and 12,813 bp of small singlecopy (31.5%) regions were separated by 28,562 bp of inverted repeat (40.9%) regions. It contained 128 genes (83 proteincoding genes, eight rRNAs, and 37 tRNAs). Thirty-five single-nucleotide polymorphisms and 33 INDEL regions (88 bp in length) were identified. Maximum-likelihood and Bayesian inference phylogenetic trees showed that L. tetragonum formed a sister group with L. aureum, which is incongruent with certain previous studies, including a phylogenetic analysis.","PeriodicalId":52232,"journal":{"name":"KOREAN JOURNAL OF PLANT TAXONOMY","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46238098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Mapping and analyzing the distribution of the species in the genus Tulipa (Liliaceae) in the Ferghana Valley of Central Asia 标题中亚费尔干纳山谷郁金香属植物分布的制图与分析
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KOREAN JOURNAL OF PLANT TAXONOMY Pub Date : 2021-09-30 DOI: 10.11110/kjpt.2021.51.3.181
Davron Dekhkonov, K. Tojibaev, Dilmurod Makhmudjanov, Nu-ree Na, S. Baasanmunkh, Z. Yusupov, H. Choi, C. Jang
{"title":"Mapping and analyzing the distribution of the species in the genus Tulipa (Liliaceae) in the Ferghana Valley of Central Asia","authors":"Davron Dekhkonov, K. Tojibaev, Dilmurod Makhmudjanov, Nu-ree Na, S. Baasanmunkh, Z. Yusupov, H. Choi, C. Jang","doi":"10.11110/kjpt.2021.51.3.181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11110/kjpt.2021.51.3.181","url":null,"abstract":"Tulips are bulbous geophytes that have considerable commercial value worldwide. This genus primarily originated in the Tien Shan and Pamir-Alai mountain ranges, which surround the Ferghana Valley. The Ferghana Valley is home to five sections of the genus Tulipa L, represented by 23 taxa (22 species). However, there is a lack of detailed information about the distribution of Tulipa species in the natural geographic area of the Ferghana Valley. Therefore, to address this knowledge gap, we comprehensively investigated the spatial distribution of all Tulipa species in the valley. To assess the spatial distribution, the entire area was divided into 32 squares consisting of four latitudinal and eight longitudinal zones. The results showed that latitudinal zones B and C with 15 and 13 taxa, respectively, along with five longitudinal zones (A5, B3, B4, C2, and C3) with 5 to 10 taxa were hotspots for this genus. Additionally, the spatial distributions of the species in terms of the corresponding state borders, mountain ranges, endemism, and conservation issues were assessed. The findings of this study provide comprehensive information about the distribution of Tulipa species to assist with conservation initiatives ultimately to ensure the survival of various species.","PeriodicalId":52232,"journal":{"name":"KOREAN JOURNAL OF PLANT TAXONOMY","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46834793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Korean Neolitsea sericea (Lauraceae) 韩国蚕桑(樟科)叶绿体全基因组序列
IF 1
KOREAN JOURNAL OF PLANT TAXONOMY Pub Date : 2021-09-30 DOI: 10.11110/kjpt.2021.51.3.332
Yoon-Jung Park, Kyeong-Sik Cheon
{"title":"The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Korean Neolitsea sericea (Lauraceae)","authors":"Yoon-Jung Park, Kyeong-Sik Cheon","doi":"10.11110/kjpt.2021.51.3.332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11110/kjpt.2021.51.3.332","url":null,"abstract":"The complete chloroplast (cp) genome sequence of Neolitsea sericea was determined by Illumina sequencing. The complete cp genome was 152,446bp in length, containing a large single-copy region of 93,796 bp and a small single-copy region of 18,506bp, which were separated by a pair of 20,072bp inverted repeats. A total of 112 unique genes were annotated, including 78 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 30 transfer RNAs, and four ribosomal RNAs. Among the PCGs, 18 genes contained one or two introns. A very low level of sequence variation between two cp genomes of N. sericea was found with seven insertions or deletions and only one single nucleotide polymorphism. An analysis using the maximum likelihood method showed that N. sericea was closely related to Actinodaphne trichocarpa.","PeriodicalId":52232,"journal":{"name":"KOREAN JOURNAL OF PLANT TAXONOMY","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43203493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Two unrecorded Elymus taxa (Poaceae) newly added to Korean flora: E. humidus and E. shandongensis 韩国植物群中新增加的两个未记录的披碱草分类群:胡氏披碱草和山东披碱草
IF 1
KOREAN JOURNAL OF PLANT TAXONOMY Pub Date : 2021-09-30 DOI: 10.11110/kjpt.2021.51.3.294
S. Choi, Jonghwan Kim, Y. Park, C. Kim
{"title":"Two unrecorded Elymus taxa (Poaceae) newly added to Korean flora: E. humidus and E. shandongensis","authors":"S. Choi, Jonghwan Kim, Y. Park, C. Kim","doi":"10.11110/kjpt.2021.51.3.294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11110/kjpt.2021.51.3.294","url":null,"abstract":"Given that the Korean genus Elymus L. (Poaceae) is often confused with Agropyron Gaertn., the categories and characteristics of Elymus s.l. have been reviewed morphologically. Two unrecorded taxa of Elymus, E. humidus (Ohwi & Sakam.) T. Osada and E. shandongensis B. Salomon, not previously recorded in Korean flora to date, we report here as an unrecorded species based on samples collected from Chungcheongbuk-do, Gyeongsangnam-do, Jeollanam-do, and Jeollabuk-do. E. humidus is distinguished from other taxa in terms of its habitat around riversides, erect inflorescences, spikelets appressed to rachides of inflorescence, and new individuals asexually propagated at the lower nodes of aerial stems. E. shandongensis is similar to E. tsukushiensis var. transiens (Hack.) H. Osada but is distinguished by the flowering time, slightly curved inflorescences, number of veins of the glumes, and spikelets appressed to the rachides. Descriptions of the two unrecorded Korean taxa, photographs, and keys to neighboring taxa are presented.","PeriodicalId":52232,"journal":{"name":"KOREAN JOURNAL OF PLANT TAXONOMY","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43885932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Tripterygium wilfordii (Celastraceae): A new generic and species record for the flora of Vietnam 雷公藤(卫矛科):越南植物区系新属新种记录
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KOREAN JOURNAL OF PLANT TAXONOMY Pub Date : 2021-09-30 DOI: 10.11110/kjpt.2021.51.3.319
D. Hai, B. Quang, T. Bach, Tran Duc Binh, R. Choudhary, Joongku Lee
{"title":"Tripterygium wilfordii (Celastraceae): A new generic and species record for the flora of Vietnam","authors":"D. Hai, B. Quang, T. Bach, Tran Duc Binh, R. Choudhary, Joongku Lee","doi":"10.11110/kjpt.2021.51.3.319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11110/kjpt.2021.51.3.319","url":null,"abstract":"Tripterygium wilfordii Hook.f. (Celastraceae), collected from Phia Oac-Phia Den National Park of Vietnam, is reported here as a new generic and species record for the flora of Vietnam. The genus Tripterygium differs from other genera of Celastraceae by its samara fruits, which become three-winged at maturity, and a scandent shrub. Taxonomic notes, descriptions, line drawing and photographs are provided, together with short notes on the distribution, ecology and phenology of Tripterygium wilfordii.","PeriodicalId":52232,"journal":{"name":"KOREAN JOURNAL OF PLANT TAXONOMY","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49316070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The complete chloroplast genome of Zoysia macrostachya (Poaceae): Insights into intraspecific variations and species delimitation of the Zoysia species 大结缕草(禾科)叶绿体全基因组:结缕草种内变异和种划分的认识
IF 1
KOREAN JOURNAL OF PLANT TAXONOMY Pub Date : 2021-09-30 DOI: 10.11110/kjpt.2021.51.3.326
Sung‐Dug Oh, Seong-Kon Lee, D. Yun, Hyeon-jin Sun, Hong-Gyu Kang, H. Lee, Hong Xi, Jongsun Park, Bumkyu Lee
{"title":"The complete chloroplast genome of Zoysia macrostachya (Poaceae): Insights into intraspecific variations and species delimitation of the Zoysia species","authors":"Sung‐Dug Oh, Seong-Kon Lee, D. Yun, Hyeon-jin Sun, Hong-Gyu Kang, H. Lee, Hong Xi, Jongsun Park, Bumkyu Lee","doi":"10.11110/kjpt.2021.51.3.326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11110/kjpt.2021.51.3.326","url":null,"abstract":"The complete chloroplast genome of Zoysia macrostachya Franch. & Sav. isolated in Korea is 135,902 bp long (GC ratio is 38.4%) and has four subregions; 81,546 bp of large single-copy (36.3%) and 12,586 bp of small single-copy (32.7%) regions are separated by 20,885 bp of inverted repeat (44.1%) regions, including 130 genes (83 protein-coding genes, eight rRNAs, and 39 tRNAs). Thirty-nine single nucleotide polymorphisms and 11 insertions and deletion (INDEL) regions were identified from two Z. macrostachya chloroplast genomes, the smallest among other Zoysia species. Phylogenetic trees show that two Z. macrostachya chloroplast genomes are clustered into a single clade. However, we found some incongruency with regard to the phylogenetic position of the Z. macrostachya clade. Our chloroplast genome provides insights into intraspecific variations and species delimitation issues pertaining to the Zoysia species.","PeriodicalId":52232,"journal":{"name":"KOREAN JOURNAL OF PLANT TAXONOMY","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41461113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
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