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High-altitude exposure alters the coupling among core large-scale brain networks: a multi-altitude rs-fMRI study. 高海拔暴露改变了核心大尺度脑网络之间的耦合:一项多海拔rs-fMRI研究。
MedScience Pub Date : 2026-08-06 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-026-1245-8
Jiajie Chen, Fan Wang, Xiaofeng Dai, Long Jin, Zhidong Wang, Liyang Dang, Danzeng Nianzha, Jie Yang, Wei Li, Wei Wang, Juanqin Niu, Jie Liu, Qiang Li
{"title":"High-altitude exposure alters the coupling among core large-scale brain networks: a multi-altitude rs-fMRI study.","authors":"Jiajie Chen, Fan Wang, Xiaofeng Dai, Long Jin, Zhidong Wang, Liyang Dang, Danzeng Nianzha, Jie Yang, Wei Li, Wei Wang, Juanqin Niu, Jie Liu, Qiang Li","doi":"10.1007/s11684-026-1245-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11684-026-1245-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The impact of high-altitude environments on the three core large-scale brain networks (default mode network (DMN), executive control network (ECN), and salience network (SN)) remains poorly understood. This study included 64 ultra-high-altitude residents (U-HA, 3600 m), 51 high-altitude residents (HA, 1500 m), and 49 low-altitude residents (LA, 400 m). Large-scale networks (DMN, SN, and bilateral ECN) were identified by group independent component analysis. The within- and between-network functional connectivity (FC) was quantified. Groups were compared using one-way analysis of variance. Partial correlations assessed the associations between network FC and oxygen saturation and HA residence duration after controlling confounders. The HA and U-HA groups exhibited higher medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC)-left posterior parietal cortex (PPC)/right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), posterior cingulate cortex (PCC)-right anterior insula (AI), left and right dlPFC, and left dlPFC-dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) FC than the LA group (FDR-corrected, LSD post hoc). The blood oxygen saturation negatively correlated with the above FC, surviving correction for age, sex, education, and motion. Our findings may indicate that HA hypoxia is associated with reduced functional segregation between the DMN and ECN, as well as enhanced coupling of the bilateral ECN and SN-ECN.</p>","PeriodicalId":521275,"journal":{"name":"MedScience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148681958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Norepinephrine-mediated regulation of endogenous Aβ42 peptide levels: effects of noradrenergic depletion and restoration. 去甲肾上腺素介导的内源性Aβ42肽水平调节:去甲肾上腺素能耗竭和恢复的影响。
MedScience Pub Date : 2026-07-24 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-026-1242-y
Isaiah Hoffman, Jennifer A Ross, Marissa Tumasz, Steven A Thomas, Elisabeth J Van Bockstaele
{"title":"Norepinephrine-mediated regulation of endogenous Aβ<sub>42</sub> peptide levels: effects of noradrenergic depletion and restoration.","authors":"Isaiah Hoffman, Jennifer A Ross, Marissa Tumasz, Steven A Thomas, Elisabeth J Van Bockstaele","doi":"10.1007/s11684-026-1242-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11684-026-1242-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The locus coeruleus (LC), a cluster of noradrenergic neurons in the dorsal pons, is the brain's main source of norepinephrine (NE), crucial for memory, cognition, and stress response. NE dysregulation has been linked to mood disorders, chronic stress, and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Amyloid-β<sub>42</sub> (Aβ<sub>42</sub>) is a key protein in AD pathology, and forms plaques that trigger neurodegeneration. Studies show elevated Aβ<sub>42</sub> levels are associated with anxiety symptoms, even in cognitively normal individuals. Previous research suggests a positive correlation between NE and Aβ<sub>42</sub>, with Aβ<sub>42</sub> present in NE-producing LC neurons. NE may affect Aβ<sub>42</sub> levels through adrenergic receptors on neurons or microglia. However, the exact role of NE in modulating Aβ<sub>42</sub> remains unclear. Using the NE depletion models, N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-ethyl-2-bromobenzylamine hydrochloride (DSP-4) lesions and dopamine β-hydroxylase (DBH) knockout (KO) mice, researchers found reduced Aβ<sub>42</sub> levels without changes in amyloid precursor protein processing. A newer model, DBH internal ribosome entry site-Cre × floxed tyrosine hydroxylase (DBH-IRES-Cre × floxed-TH) preserved dopamine (DA) but eliminated NE in adrenergic neurons, further supporting the specific influence of NE on Aβ<sub>42</sub>. Findings indicate that decreased Aβ<sub>42</sub> in NE-depleted mice stems not from altered DA but from NE loss. This highlights the NE-mediated regulation of endogenous Aβ<sub>42</sub> and the role of NE in AD-related pathology.</p>","PeriodicalId":521275,"journal":{"name":"MedScience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148582148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Mitochondrial RNA modifications in gene expression and cancer biology. 基因表达和癌症生物学中的线粒体RNA修饰。
MedScience Pub Date : 2026-07-24 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-026-1233-z
Haixia Wang, Lili Ren, Dongling Zou, Rui Su
{"title":"Mitochondrial RNA modifications in gene expression and cancer biology.","authors":"Haixia Wang, Lili Ren, Dongling Zou, Rui Su","doi":"10.1007/s11684-026-1233-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11684-026-1233-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>RNA modifications are essential in regulating gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Recent studies, including our own, have highlighted that RNA modifications, such as N<sup>6</sup>-methyladenosine (m<sup>6</sup>A) and methyl-5-cytosine (m<sup>5</sup>C), play a crucial role in tumorigenesis, metabolism, and anti-tumor immunity. Targeting RNA modification machinery may represent a promising therapeutic strategy in cancer. Intriguingly, emerging evidence reveals numerous modifications in mitochondrial RNA (mt-RNA), expanding the concept of epitranscriptomics to mitochondria. The mammalian mitochondrion possesses its own genome, which encodes 22 transfer RNAs (tRNAs), 2 ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), and 13 proteins necessary for energy production via oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos). The mitochondrial transcriptome is produced from large polycistronic transcripts, implying that mitochondrial gene expression is predominantly regulated post-transcriptionally. In this review, we summarize all currently known mt-RNA modifications, their potential regulatory machinery, as well as their biological functions in tumorigenesis and metabolism. Additionally, given that this field is still in its infancy, we discuss several critical knowledge gaps and propose future research directions to clarify the mechanistic and clinical significance in the study of mt-RNA modifications.</p>","PeriodicalId":521275,"journal":{"name":"MedScience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148582153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
From physics-based intelligence to molecular design: linking mechanistic learning across scales. 从基于物理的智能到分子设计:跨尺度连接机械学习。
MedScience Pub Date : 2026-07-24 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-026-1263-6
Jian Zhang, Paolo Alberto Lorenzini, Feng Ren, Xavier Daura
{"title":"From physics-based intelligence to molecular design: linking mechanistic learning across scales.","authors":"Jian Zhang, Paolo Alberto Lorenzini, Feng Ren, Xavier Daura","doi":"10.1007/s11684-026-1263-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11684-026-1263-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":521275,"journal":{"name":"MedScience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148582158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Novel KMT2A fusion partner genes in acute leukemia-MRTFB, SORBS1, and SSC5D. 急性白血病中新的KMT2A融合伴侣基因- mrtfb, SORBS1和SSC5D。
MedScience Pub Date : 2026-07-17 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-026-1223-1
Elena Zerkalenkova, Polina Gezik, Karina Iliasova, Medina Gurzhikhanova, Ruslan Abasov, Olga Soldatkina, Anna Kazakova, Yulia Olshanskaya, A M Popov, Irina Kalinina, Alexandr Maschan, Andrey Sudarikov, Tatiana Obukhova, Anastasia Kashlakova, Zalina Fidarova, Elena Parovichnikova, Galina Novichkova, Michael Maschan
{"title":"Novel KMT2A fusion partner genes in acute leukemia-MRTFB, SORBS1, and SSC5D.","authors":"Elena Zerkalenkova, Polina Gezik, Karina Iliasova, Medina Gurzhikhanova, Ruslan Abasov, Olga Soldatkina, Anna Kazakova, Yulia Olshanskaya, A M Popov, Irina Kalinina, Alexandr Maschan, Andrey Sudarikov, Tatiana Obukhova, Anastasia Kashlakova, Zalina Fidarova, Elena Parovichnikova, Galina Novichkova, Michael Maschan","doi":"10.1007/s11684-026-1223-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11684-026-1223-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>KMT2A (formerly MLL) gene rearrangements are common and clinically significant in acute leukemias, with outcomes influenced by the fusion partner. Over 100 fusion partners are known, but new ones continue to emerge. This study identified three novel partners-myocardin-related transcription factor B (MRTFB), sorbin and SH3 domain-containing 1 (SORBS1), and scavenger receptor cysteine-rich family member with 5 domains (SSC5D)-in pediatric and adult acute leukemia cases. Three cases were analyzed: a boy with B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia, a girl with acute myelomonocytic leukemia, and a woman with therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Diagnostics included cytogenetic analysis, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), whole genome sequencing (WGS), and confirmation of breakpoints by Sanger sequencing, with validation at DNA and RNA levels, using patient-specific primers. WGS identified three novel in-frame fusions: KMT2A::MRTFB, KMT2A::SORBS1, and KMT2A::SSC5D, all within the major KMT2A breakpoint region. All patients achieved complete remission with tailored therapy, including chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation where indicated. Follow-up demonstrated durable remissions ranging from 9 to 23 months at the time of reporting. This study expands the catalog of KMT2A fusion partners, highlighting MRTFB, SORBS1, and SSC5D as novel leukemia-associated genes. The findings underscore the value of WGS for comprehensive detection of rare genetic events, enabling improved molecular classification and prognostic assessment in KMT2A-rearranged leukemias.</p>","PeriodicalId":521275,"journal":{"name":"MedScience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148475657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Identification of a novel hereditary spherocytosis gene mutation in a Chinese child with α-globin gene triplication. α-珠蛋白基因三倍型中国儿童球形红细胞增多症基因突变的鉴定。
MedScience Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-07-17 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-026-1226-y
Yiling Dai, Shengnan Su, Kaiyu Zhou, Xiaoxi Lu
{"title":"Identification of a novel hereditary spherocytosis gene mutation in a Chinese child with α-globin gene triplication.","authors":"Yiling Dai, Shengnan Su, Kaiyu Zhou, Xiaoxi Lu","doi":"10.1007/s11684-026-1226-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11684-026-1226-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hereditary spherocytosis (HS) and thalassemia are both common hemolytic anemias, yet their pathogenesis is different. HS arises from erythrocyte membrane abnormalities, while thalassemia stems from defective hemoglobin synthesis. They both typically manifest in childhood, and diagnosis is often straightforward based on typical clinical manifestations and laboratory findings. Here, we report a unique case of co-occurring hematological disorders: HS and α-globin gene triplication, in a 2-year-old Chinese boy. The child had a history of longtime hemolytic disease and carried a novel heterozygous mutation which was not detected in either parent. The previously undescribed c.149-1G>A splicing mutation is speculated to affect pre-mRNA splicing. The coexistence of these conditions, along with a novel heterozygous mutation in the SPTB gene, highlights the complexity of genetic contributions to hemolytic anemias and underscores the importance of genetic testing in diagnosing and understanding these disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":521275,"journal":{"name":"MedScience","volume":" ","pages":"526-531"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148475804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Obinutuzumab plus bendamustine as first-line therapy for indolent B-cell lymphomas: a prospective multicenter open-label study. Obinutuzumab联合苯达莫司汀作为惰性b细胞淋巴瘤的一线治疗:一项前瞻性多中心开放标签研究
MedScience Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-02 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-026-1200-8
Yuting Yan, Xinyang Hu, Xiuhua Sun, Xixi Xiang, Yihao Wang, Tingyu Wang, Kejie Zhang, Liang Wang, Youchao Jia, Chengsi Gui, Ying Yu, Rui Lyu, Wenjie Xiong, Shuhui Deng, Wei Liu, Liang Huang, Gang An, Lugui Qiu, Shuhua Yi
{"title":"Obinutuzumab plus bendamustine as first-line therapy for indolent B-cell lymphomas: a prospective multicenter open-label study.","authors":"Yuting Yan, Xinyang Hu, Xiuhua Sun, Xixi Xiang, Yihao Wang, Tingyu Wang, Kejie Zhang, Liang Wang, Youchao Jia, Chengsi Gui, Ying Yu, Rui Lyu, Wenjie Xiong, Shuhui Deng, Wei Liu, Liang Huang, Gang An, Lugui Qiu, Shuhua Yi","doi":"10.1007/s11684-026-1200-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11684-026-1200-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of obinutuzumab plus bendamustine (GB) as first-line treatment for indolent B-cell lymphomas. In this prospective, multicenter, single-arm trial (NCT06415708), adults with newly diagnosed indolent B-cell lymphomas-including follicular lymphoma (FL), marginal zone lymphoma (MZL), Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM), hairy cell leukemia variant (HCL-v), and unclassified B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder (BCLPD-U)-received six induction cycles of GB followed by 2 years of obinutuzumab maintenance in responders (⩾ partial response). The primary endpoint was overall response rate (ORR), whereas secondary endpoints included complete response rate (CRR), duration of response (DOR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and safety. Among 220 enrolled patients (149 with FL and 71 with non-FL), 210 completed ⩾ 3 treatment cycles. At a median follow-up of 13.1 months, ORRs in the different patient subgroups were 96.6% (FL), 100% (MZL, HCL-v), 92.9% (WM), and 88.9% (BCLPD-U). The median DOR was 16.7 months in the FL group and was not reached in the non-FL group. PFS and OS were not reached in any subgroup. The FL and non-FL groups had comparable ORRs (P = 0.435); however, the FL group showed a higher CRR (92.4% vs. 78.5%; P = 0.004) and shorter PFS (P = 0.020). Treatment-emergent adverse events occurred in 42 patients and were more frequent in the non-FL group than in the FL group (26.8% vs. 15.4%; P = 0.046), particularly infections (18.3% vs. 6.0%; P = 0.005). Overall, the GB regimen demonstrated high response rates and manageable safety in Chinese patients with indolent B-cell lymphoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":521275,"journal":{"name":"MedScience","volume":" ","pages":"483-495"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148146084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A novel variant combination in COASY associates with severe prenatal onset PCH12: expanding the clinical and genetic spectrum. COASY中一种新的变异组合与严重的产前发病PCH12相关:扩大临床和遗传谱。
MedScience Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-07-01 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-026-1241-z
Lindsey Walker, Linda M Randolph, Miao Sun
{"title":"A novel variant combination in COASY associates with severe prenatal onset PCH12: expanding the clinical and genetic spectrum.","authors":"Lindsey Walker, Linda M Randolph, Miao Sun","doi":"10.1007/s11684-026-1241-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11684-026-1241-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 12 (PCH12) is an ultra-rare, perinatal lethal, neurodegenerative disorder with microcephaly and arthrogryposis. Previous reports have associated PCH12 with complete loss-of-function variants in COASY identified in 14 fetuses and newborns from eight unrelated families. In contrast, COASY partial loss-of-function variants have been linked to COASY protein-associated neurodegeneration (CoPAN), a subtype of neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA). Emerging evidence suggests that COASY-related disorders may represent a phenotypic continuum between PCH12 and CoPAN. Using exome sequencing, we identified a previously reported missense variant (c.641C>T, p.Ala214Val) as well as a previously unreported rare nonsense variant (c.1015C>T, p.Arg339*) in a compound heterozygous state in the COASY gene in a patient presenting with clinical features consistent with PCH12. The p.Ala214Val variant has only been described in combination with another missense variant (p.Arg499Cys) in two siblings with CoPAN. The presence of p.Ala214Val in trans with the truncating p.Arg339* variant in this patient is associated with a severe perinatal lethal phenotype resembling PCH12. This case broadens the reported genetic and phenotypic spectrum of COASY-associated disorders and highlights the importance of continued genotype-phenotype correlation investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":521275,"journal":{"name":"MedScience","volume":" ","pages":"539-545"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148371765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Difference in clinical characteristics and outcomes between hospital-acquired and community-acquired pleural infection. 医院获得性和社区获得性胸膜感染的临床特征和结局差异
MedScience Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-07-17 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-026-1236-9
Qiang Zhu, Mingzi Yu, Mingxue Guo, Mingmei Du, Jiewei Cui, Zhixin Liang
{"title":"Difference in clinical characteristics and outcomes between hospital-acquired and community-acquired pleural infection.","authors":"Qiang Zhu, Mingzi Yu, Mingxue Guo, Mingmei Du, Jiewei Cui, Zhixin Liang","doi":"10.1007/s11684-026-1236-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11684-026-1236-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Data on the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with pleural infection are limited. This retrospective study aimed to describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes associated with community-acquired pleural infection (CAPI) and hospital-acquired pleural infection (HAPI) in a large Chinese tertiary-care hospital in Beijing over 11 years. The study included 832 patients, of whom 84.9% had HAPI. The most common cause of CAPI was pneumonia and pleurisy, whereas the most common cause of HAPI was trauma or chest surgery. The predisposing factors with statistically significant differences between HAPI and CAPI included the presence of an abdominal indwelling catheter (P = 0.012), thoracic cavity drainage (⩾ 10 days) (P = 0.003), and use of broad-spectrum antibiotics (P = 0.002). Staphylococcus epidermidis (24.76%) and Streptococcus species (27.00%) were the most common Gram-positive bacteria in HAPI and CAPI, respectively, whereas Acinetobacter baumannii (8.61%) and Escherichia coli (4.38%) were the most common Gram-negative pathogens in HAPI and CAPI, respectively. Virtually any Gram-positive bacteria were resistant to linezolid and vancomycin, except Enterococcus faecium displaying resistance to vancomycin (9.88%). The 30-day mortality after the onset of pleural infection was 13.1%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis suggested that intensive care unit (ICU) admission, solid tumors, chronic renal failure, and a decreased serum albumin level were independent risk factors for pleural infection. No statistically significant difference in mortality was observed between patients with CAPI (11.9%) and those with HAPI (13.3%). Differences were noted in clinical characteristics between HAPI and CAPI. The findings might guide empirical treatments and help improve infection control strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":521275,"journal":{"name":"MedScience","volume":" ","pages":"515-525"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148475805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Exosome-based therapies for corneal disorders: current status and future perspectives. 基于外泌体的角膜疾病治疗:现状和未来展望。
MedScience Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-07-24 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-026-1225-z
Ningjing Tang, Xiya Yin, Andrew J W Huang, Jian-Xing Ma, Anthony Atala, Yuanyuan Zhang
{"title":"Exosome-based therapies for corneal disorders: current status and future perspectives.","authors":"Ningjing Tang, Xiya Yin, Andrew J W Huang, Jian-Xing Ma, Anthony Atala, Yuanyuan Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s11684-026-1225-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11684-026-1225-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Exosomes, extracellular vesicles packed with diverse bioactive molecules, show significant promise as therapeutic agents for corneal disorders. This review provides an overview of the current landscape and future outlook of exosome-based therapies in ophthalmology, with a focus on corneal disease. We summarize the fundamental biology and characteristics of corneal exosomes and discuss their roles in maintaining corneal homeostasis and driving disease processes. The therapeutic potential of exosomes in corneal ulcers, dry eye disease (DED), scarring, and dystrophies is evaluated, highlighting preclinical evidence that exosomes can promote epithelial wound healing, modulate inflammation and fibrosis, and support tissue regeneration, as well as emerging clinical studies that begin to assess their safety and feasibility. We also address critical aspects of exosome isolation, characterization, engineering, and delivery strategies that are relevant for clinical translation. Despite encouraging preclinical findings, significant challenges remain, particularly in standardizing manufacturing and quality control, ensuring safety, and achieving consistent therapeutic efficacy. Future research should focus on optimizing exosome production and delivery, rationally engineering them to enhance therapeutic performance, and exploring their potential as biomarkers. Overall, exosome-based therapies hold substantial promise for transforming the management of corneal diseases, but further rigorous translational and clinical studies are required to realize their full potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":521275,"journal":{"name":"MedScience","volume":" ","pages":"444-472"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148582171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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