{"title":"Measuring carbon capability beyond the carbon footprint.","authors":"Alisa Ghura, Sam Hampton, Lorraine Whitmarsh","doi":"10.1038/s44458-025-00015-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44458-025-00015-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Meeting climate action targets requires both individual and systemic change. Behaviour change can contribute to system change through actions in the public sphere, including influence and citizenship. However, current measurement approaches, such as personal carbon footprints, emphasise individual consumption and underrepresent public-sphere contributions. This study operationalises a framework which integrates individuals' motivation and capacity to reduce emissions within broader systems of provision. We present a methodology to quantify public-sphere actions and capabilities alongside consumption behaviours, generating a comprehensive capability score. Applying this approach to a representative survey UK residents (N = 2001), we find moderate-to-low climate action capability, with the lowest scores in transport, food, and civic domains. Regression analyses indicate gender, education, and climate knowledge predict higher capability. This methodology offers an integrated tool to assess both private and public climate actions, informing strategies for more effective engagement and policy interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":521223,"journal":{"name":"Communications sustainability","volume":"1 1","pages":"18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12863646/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146115531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Robert Hanea, Finn McFall, Xavier Font, Jonathan Chenoweth, Ionut Corduneanu, Eduard Goean, Dabo Guan, Lorenzo Fioramonti, Jhuma Sadhukhan
{"title":"Spa visits carry measurable carbon footprints that vary with energy use and renewables.","authors":"Robert Hanea, Finn McFall, Xavier Font, Jonathan Chenoweth, Ionut Corduneanu, Eduard Goean, Dabo Guan, Lorenzo Fioramonti, Jhuma Sadhukhan","doi":"10.1038/s44458-026-00122-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44458-026-00122-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Spa and wellness centres constitute a fundamental aspect of contemporary health and lifestyle infrastructure, yet their environmental impacts remain under-assessed. This study presents a dynamic emissions calculator tailored to spa and wellness facilities, designed to generate transparent per-visitor emissions and support decarbonisation and benchmarking. By combining metered data such as energy and water with normalised non-metered sources including waste and staff travel, the model quantifies per-visitor emissions across Scopes 1, 2, and 3 and provides time-resolved profiles showing daily and seasonal patterns. Validation uses data from a large wellness resort and a small university sports park wellness zone. The results show that a typical visit results in average emissions of ~5 kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent at the large facility and ~3.5 kilograms at the small facility, with on-site renewable energy in 2024 reducing emissions by ~33% and ~14% respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":521223,"journal":{"name":"Communications sustainability","volume":"1 1","pages":"116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13391376/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148582163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Leonie Hodel, Jan D Wegner, Vivien Sainte Fare Garnot, Francisco Carlos da Rocha Gomes, Judson Ferreira Valentim, Rachael D Garrett
{"title":"Spatial patterns of cattle densities across the Brazilian Amazon revealed by very high-resolution satellite imagery.","authors":"Leonie Hodel, Jan D Wegner, Vivien Sainte Fare Garnot, Francisco Carlos da Rocha Gomes, Judson Ferreira Valentim, Rachael D Garrett","doi":"10.1038/s44458-026-00082-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44458-026-00082-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cattle ranching is a sustainability challenge worldwide, and in the Amazon, the planet's largest tropical forest, it remains the main driver of deforestation. Yet, cattle numbers have typically been estimated from coarse census data or indirect proxies, limiting our ability to monitor land-use change at finer scales. Here, we introduce a novel approach that applies deep learning-based density estimation to very high-resolution satellite imagery to detect individual animals across the Brazilian Amazon. Our cattle data set covers over 12,000 km² in four states and is integrated with pasture maps to analyze property-level stocking rates. We find patterns of extensive land use, deriving conservative stocking rate estimates of 0.73 head per hectare in 2018-2019, with lower cattle stocking rates on properties with higher recent deforestation and properties further away from slaughterhouses. While the use of VHR imagery presents challenges of coverage and detection, our framework establishes a foundation for advancing livestock monitoring and supports strategies to address deforestation and promote sustainable resource management.</p>","PeriodicalId":521223,"journal":{"name":"Communications sustainability","volume":"1 1","pages":"98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13271885/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148280874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cameron McRae, Hannu Saarijärvi, Jaakko Nevalainen, Mikael Fogelholm, Yu Ma, Laurette Dubé
{"title":"Plant-based protein foods are less sensitive to price changes than animal-based ones, with differences across income and education levels.","authors":"Cameron McRae, Hannu Saarijärvi, Jaakko Nevalainen, Mikael Fogelholm, Yu Ma, Laurette Dubé","doi":"10.1038/s44458-026-00040-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44458-026-00040-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Shifting demand toward plant-based proteins is an important sustainability transition, yet adoption remains limited. Here, we used longitudinal loyalty data from 29,131 Finnish consumers to estimate differences in price elasticity between plant- and animal-based proteins in Study 1. Study 2a examined socioeconomic status as a moderator of price elasticity, while Studies 2b and 2c assessed income and education separately. Study 3 compared estimates when measured at the individual versus the neighborhood level. A robustness check replicated analyses in Canada. Two-level mixed-effects regression models revealed that consumers were less price elastic to plant proteins than animal proteins. Socioeconomic status moderated both, but disparities were over three times larger for animal proteins. Income moderated price elasticity, while education's effect was stronger for animal proteins. Neighborhood-level measures yielded similar patterns. Results were comparable in Canada. Differences in price sensitivity by socioeconomic status are central to the protein transition and should be incorporated into future sustainability interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":521223,"journal":{"name":"Communications sustainability","volume":"1 1","pages":"44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12975510/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147446803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Realistic AI-generated climate disaster images decrease support for climate action when artificial origin is suspected.","authors":"Fabienne Bünzli, Martin J Eppler","doi":"10.1038/s44458-026-00092-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44458-026-00092-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Policymakers and environmental advocacy organizations are increasingly using AI-generated images of climate disasters to advocate for climate interventions. Here we show that highly realistic AI-generated climate disaster images do not increase support for climate action. Three large-scale experiments (<i>N</i> = 2580) provide evidence that these images intensify emotional responses but also elicit resistance in the form of reactance and reduced trust in the message source. These adverse effects are especially pronounced for highly realistic images that are suspected to be AI-generated or explicitly labeled as such. Moreover, when their AI origin is suspected but not disclosed, such images significantly reduce individuals' willingness to make personal sacrifices for climate action. Overall, our findings call for an informed use of generative AI in climate advocacy that accounts for unintended effects and challenges the assumption that highly realistic AI-generated disaster images are inherently persuasive.</p>","PeriodicalId":521223,"journal":{"name":"Communications sustainability","volume":"1 1","pages":"84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13190298/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148020514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Haizhou Wu, Jingnan Zhang, Heng Zhu, Omar Peñarubia, David F Willer
{"title":"Technology-driven reduction of fish post-harvest loss could enhance food security and economic resilience.","authors":"Haizhou Wu, Jingnan Zhang, Heng Zhu, Omar Peñarubia, David F Willer","doi":"10.1038/s44458-026-00048-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44458-026-00048-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Globally, only 54% of harvested fish is consumed directly by people, with the remainder lost to spoilage, inefficient processing, limited by-product utilization, or diverted to non-food uses. This inefficiency limits the nutritional, economic, and environmental potential of aquatic foods. Here, we assess the impact of targeted post-harvest interventions-including cold chain improvements, better handling practices, and valorisation of by-products, using a quantitative modelling approach with a qualitative synthesis of case studies and literature. We show that increasing net fish consumption by humans to 74% through feasible technological adoption could deliver an additional 850 million portions of fish per day, without harvesting a single extra fish. These \"hidden harvests\" could meet global dietary protein and micronutrient needs while reducing price to the consumer by nearly 10%. Whilst these findings should be seen as upper limits rather than expected outcomes. They highlight post-harvest optimisation as a critically underutilised lever for advancing nutrition security, reducing pressure on aquatic ecosystems, and achieving sustainable, equitable growth in blue food systems. Reducing waste, not simply increasing catch, is the key.</p>","PeriodicalId":521223,"journal":{"name":"Communications sustainability","volume":"1 1","pages":"45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12979193/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147464707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hilary D Brumberg, Laura E Dee, Hikari Murayama, Juan José Alvarado Barrientos, Brooke Bessesen, Marie G Bouffard, Matthew G Burgess, Jorge Cortés, Samuel Furey, Noelia Hernández, Alexa M Luger, Marguerite Madden, Emily Pauline, Rafael J P Schmitt, Katherine J Siegel, Lucía Vargas-Araya, Andrew Whitworth, Peter Newton
{"title":"Riparian vegetation reduces coastal turbidity.","authors":"Hilary D Brumberg, Laura E Dee, Hikari Murayama, Juan José Alvarado Barrientos, Brooke Bessesen, Marie G Bouffard, Matthew G Burgess, Jorge Cortés, Samuel Furey, Noelia Hernández, Alexa M Luger, Marguerite Madden, Emily Pauline, Rafael J P Schmitt, Katherine J Siegel, Lucía Vargas-Araya, Andrew Whitworth, Peter Newton","doi":"10.1038/s44458-025-00031-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44458-025-00031-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Marine ecosystems worldwide are increasingly degraded by upstream land use activities, compounding climate change impacts. However, empirically quantifying causal land-sea linkages remains challenging. Using remote sensing data (1987-2019) and four causal inference methods, here we developed an empirical and scalable framework to estimate how land use affects coastal turbidity across spatial scales in southern Costa Rica. We found that riparian natural vegetation (15 m buffer) significantly reduced gulf turbidity up to 800 m offshore, which overlaps with coral reefs and seagrass habitats. In contrast, pasture and gravel roads increased coastal turbidity. Effects were greatest for rivers that are short, steep, or have low discharge. Watershed-scale land uses showed no significant effects. We provide a replicable, scalable framework to identify causal pathways from land to sea, particularly valuable in data-limited regions. Riparian conservation and restoration could serve as effective strategies to align human land use needs with terrestrial, freshwater, and marine conservation.</p>","PeriodicalId":521223,"journal":{"name":"Communications sustainability","volume":"1 1","pages":"29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12885955/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146169339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Robbie M Parks, Lauren Flynn, Zifan Gu, Danielle Braun, Ilan Cerna-Turoff, Cascade Tuholske, Francesca Dominici, Jutta Lindert, Marianthi-Anna Kioumourtzoglou
{"title":"Higher temperatures are associated with increased interpersonal and self-inflicted violence-related Medicaid hospital visits in the United States.","authors":"Robbie M Parks, Lauren Flynn, Zifan Gu, Danielle Braun, Ilan Cerna-Turoff, Cascade Tuholske, Francesca Dominici, Jutta Lindert, Marianthi-Anna Kioumourtzoglou","doi":"10.1038/s44458-025-00001-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44458-025-00001-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Limited evidence links short-term temperature increases to interpersonal and self-inflicted violence via physiological and behavioral pathways, especially among vulnerable communities. Here, we analyzed 14 years (1999-2012) of Medicaid claims (<i>N</i> = 332,293) for interpersonal and self-inflicted violence-related hospital visits in the United States. We compared daily hospital visits with local temperature patterns over the following six days, assessed by cause, demographics, climate region, and socioeconomic factors. We found that as heat stress rose, violence-related hospital visits also increased, especially in the first two days after higher heat stress. A 5°C increase was associated with a 1.5% [95% CI:1.1-1.9%] increase in interpersonal and a 3.7% [95% CI:1.5-5.9%] increase in self-inflicted violence visits. Though the difference across groups was not conclusive, point-estimate associations were greatest in younger individuals and ZIP Codes with higher poverty, lower educational attainment, and more non-white residents. Our results emphasize the importance of integrating mental health into heat health action plans and climate change preparedness.</p>","PeriodicalId":521223,"journal":{"name":"Communications sustainability","volume":"1 1","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12863641/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146115506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chuan Liao, Seongmin Shin, Katie Rohrbaugh, Nabin Pradhan, Elizabeth Ludwig, Zhenci Xu, Manuel Ruiz-Aravena, Shuai Zhou, Arun Agrawal
{"title":"Global land rush concentrates potential zoonotic spillover risk in the tropics.","authors":"Chuan Liao, Seongmin Shin, Katie Rohrbaugh, Nabin Pradhan, Elizabeth Ludwig, Zhenci Xu, Manuel Ruiz-Aravena, Shuai Zhou, Arun Agrawal","doi":"10.1038/s44458-026-00102-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44458-026-00102-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Global land-use change alters human-environment interactions in ways that can generate sustainability risks, including pathogen spillovers across species. Here we integrate global data on large-scale land transactions and zoonotic reservoir species distributions to assess their relationship with potential zoonotic spillover risk. Using a spatially explicit approach, we identify administrative units with elevated zoonotic spillover risk based on hazard-exposure overlap, compare high-risk and other units, and examine tele-coupled investor-host country relationships associated with these patterns. We find that Southeast Asia, Latin America, Eastern Europe, and Africa are major hosts, while spillover risks are more concentrated in Southeast Asia and Latin America. High-risk units tend to feature larger transacted areas and higher forest cover, but lower population and road network density. Domestic and intra-regional transactions account for over half of transacted areas and associated spillover risks. These results highlight the importance of ecological integrity and landscape immunity in sustainability-oriented land-use governance.</p>","PeriodicalId":521223,"journal":{"name":"Communications sustainability","volume":"1 1","pages":"92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13242307/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148207624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Javier G Montoya-Zumaeta, Christoph Oberlack, Ronja Barelli, Samuel Bruelisauer, Diego P Zavaleta
{"title":"Comparing corporate sustainability programmes, social entrepreneurship, and cooperatives in shaping farmers' well-being.","authors":"Javier G Montoya-Zumaeta, Christoph Oberlack, Ronja Barelli, Samuel Bruelisauer, Diego P Zavaleta","doi":"10.1038/s44458-025-00020-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44458-025-00020-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The governance of sustainability in agri-food value chains has evolved beyond conventional certification strategies. Corporate sustainability programs, social enterprises, and cooperatives are key complementary or alternative strategies. However, their relative contributions to farmers' well-being remain unclear. Therefore, we conducted a household survey of 634 cocoa and coffee farmers distributed across three production hotspots in the Peruvian Amazon. We use the Personal Well-being Index to compare well-being among and between farmers involved in the various strategies. Results show that farmers engaged in any strategy of sustainability governance report higher well-being than independent farmers. However, only social enterprise strategies remained a significant contributor to overall farmers' well-being after controlling for certification, context, household, and demographic variables. Our findings challenge traditional productivity centered approaches and emphasize the importance of incorporating localized, socially tailored strategies to enhance the well-being of farmers within agri-food value chains.</p>","PeriodicalId":521223,"journal":{"name":"Communications sustainability","volume":"1 1","pages":"20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12863647/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146115517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}