Journal of the colleges of medicine of South Africa最新文献

{"title":"A novel approach to peritonitis.","authors":"Tshepang A Motsepe","doi":"10.4102/jcmsa.v4i1.334","DOIUrl":"10.4102/jcmsa.v4i1.334","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Peritonitis is a deadly abdominal condition seen across many surgical disciplines, with causes including appendicitis, perforated peptic ulcers, and abdominal trauma. In the South African context, peritonitis is largely influenced by tuberculosis (TB), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and widespread malnutrition linked to socioeconomic challenges. Although peritonitis is traditionally classified into primary, secondary, and tertiary types, the addition of quaternary peritonitis could reflect the severe complication risks associated with recalcitrant, systemic, or locally advanced disease. This enhanced grading system, tailored to the local setting, may assist clinicians to accurately assess the severity of peritonitis, improve risk stratification, optimise resource allocation, and ultimately lead to better patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":521047,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the colleges of medicine of South Africa","volume":"4 1","pages":"334"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13543231/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148898816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring faculty and student perceptions of online surgical teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study.","authors":"Sumayyah Ebrahim, Ruvashni Naidoo, Jessica L Phillip, Jacqueline M van Wyk","doi":"10.4102/jcmsa.v4i1.408","DOIUrl":"10.4102/jcmsa.v4i1.408","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic necessitated a rapid transition from contact-based to online surgical teaching for final-year undergraduate medical students. While online teaching offers benefits such as flexibility and accessibility, it raises concerns about the loss of clinical exposure, which is integral to surgical training. This study explored faculty (teaching staff) and student perceptions of an online surgical teaching and learning module implemented during the pandemic, examining perceived effectiveness and identifying challenges and areas for improvement.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A qualitative descriptive study was conducted using purposive sampling. Nine virtual synchronous focus group discussions were conducted via Zoom, one with teaching staff and eight with students. Focus group discussions were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim, and the data were later analysed using thematic content analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Five themes were derived from the data: (1) perceptions of online teaching and learning effectiveness; (2) a lack of clinical exposure and preparedness for internship; (3) module structure and self-organisation; (4) information technology-related challenges; and (5) the way forward post-COVID-19. Both groups valued the module's organisation, resource accessibility, content standardisation and alignment of outcomes, teaching and assessment. Negative aspects included limited clinical and procedural exposure and challenges with student engagement in live Zoom sessions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Online learning proved a feasible alternative during the COVID-19 pandemic, with numerous benefits; however, both faculty and students agreed that blended modes of instruction should be explored going forward.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>This study contributes to the development of practices for integrating online teaching methods into General Surgery education.</p>","PeriodicalId":521047,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the colleges of medicine of South Africa","volume":"4 1","pages":"408"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13543227/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148898873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute pain and analgesic prescribing in trauma inpatients at a tertiary hospital: A cross-sectional study.","authors":"Sarah A van der Spuy, Prashil Daya, Saxon Leathwhite, Zanele Mangena, Thato Motaung, Mikaela G Naidoo, Anzelle Pretorius, Thifhelimbilu E Luvhengo","doi":"10.4102/jcmsa.v4i1.315","DOIUrl":"10.4102/jcmsa.v4i1.315","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Acute pain after trauma remains common and is often not well controlled. This study described pain intensity at inpatient assessment and the analgesics prescribed to adults admitted after traumatic injury to a tertiary academic trauma unit.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a cross-sectional observational study of adult trauma patients admitted to the general trauma ward. Data collected included demographics, comorbidities, current pain intensity on the Numerical Rating Scale, psychological symptom scores, substance-use risk and prescribed analgesics. Reported pain severity at admission was ascertained from the patient. Categorical data were summarised descriptively, and exploratory associations were assessed using chi-squared or Fisher's exact test, as appropriate.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 143 participants, of whom 81.1% (<i>n</i> = 116) were male, and 33.6% (<i>n</i> = 48) had penetrating injury. At interview, 62.9% (<i>n</i> = 90) reported moderate to severe pain. Paracetamol with tramadol was the most commonly prescribed regimen across pain categories. No statistically significant association was observed between current pain category and hypertension, diabetes mellitus, human immunodeficiency virus status, anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, or substance-use risk.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Most participants were still experiencing moderate to severe pain at the time of assessment despite prescribed analgesia. Paracetamol with tramadol remained the dominant regimen, with limited visible change across pain categories.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>This study provides an inpatient, cross-sectional account of persistent pain after trauma and the analgesics prescribed in a South African tertiary trauma service and may inform local quality-improvement efforts in trauma pain management.</p>","PeriodicalId":521047,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the colleges of medicine of South Africa","volume":"4 1","pages":"315"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13543286/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148898807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and demographic profile of patients with keratoconus in the Eastern Cape, South Africa.","authors":"Śruti M Dave, Daniel S Louw","doi":"10.4102/jcmsa.v4i1.364","DOIUrl":"10.4102/jcmsa.v4i1.364","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Keratoconus (KC) is a progressive corneal ectasia and a leading indication for corneal transplantation in South Africa. While prevalence data exist for other provinces, there is a paucity of literature describing the disorder profile in the Eastern Cape, a region characterised by unique socio-economic challenges and limited access to specialists.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective chart review was conducted on 131 patients (262 eyes) diagnosed with KC at a specialist corneal practice in Gqeberha between September 2019 and September 2020. Demographics, visual acuity, KC severity and management markers were assessed using Galilei G6 tomography and clinical records.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median age at assessment was 29 years (interquartile range: 21.5-40.0), with 62.6% of patients aged under 35 years. The cohort was racially diverse, comprising 41.22% black people, 38.17% white people, 14.50% people of mixed race and 6.11% Indian people. Mild and moderately severe disease was most common in both eyes, representing 64.12% of left eyes and 58.78% of right eyes. Severity was greater in the left eye and significantly associated with eye rubbing (<i>p</i> = 0.042). In all, 53.44% of patients were female. Corneal collagen cross-linking was recommended in 31.30% of left eyes, and 25.95% of patients qualified for keratoplasty.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Patients in the Eastern Cape present with advanced KC at a young age. The high burden of severe pathology necessitates aggressive early detection and treatment strategies.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>These findings support the need for screening and improved access to progression-halting and optical rehabilitation services to prevent reversible blindness in this economically active population.</p>","PeriodicalId":521047,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the colleges of medicine of South Africa","volume":"4 1","pages":"364"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13543229/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148898833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The scope of interventional radiology training for South African radiology registrars.","authors":"Zainul-Abidin Shaik, Yusuf Parak, Michelle Da Silva, Richard D Pitcher","doi":"10.4102/jcmsa.v4i1.374","DOIUrl":"10.4102/jcmsa.v4i1.374","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Interventional radiology (IR) is an important component of radiology practice in South Africa (SA). However, there is no standard national IR curriculum. Little is known about IR teaching across SA's nine medical schools, of which six offer a 4-year and three offer a 5-year postgraduate radiology training programme. The study assessed procedural performance scope among SA postgraduate radiology trainees across key IR procedures.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective, cross-sectional study evaluated candidates who completed SA postgraduate radiology training and sat the final FC Rad Diag(SA) examination (2020-2024). Respondents reported practical performance across 14 image-guided procedures (ultrasound [US] = 4; US + fluoroscopy [US + F] = 5; computed tomography (CT) = 3; fluoroscopy with digital subtraction angiography [F + DSA] = 2). Descriptive statistics were generated overall, by modality and by training period.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 38 candidates responded. Four (11%) performed all, and one (3%) just two procedures. Experience varied widely (average eight procedures); 47% (n = 18) performed ≤ 7. Overall performance rates by modality were: US-guided 91%, US + F 49%, CT-guided 41%, and F + DSA 41%. The 4-year (<i>n</i> = 17; mean = 7) and 5-year programmes (<i>n</i> = 21; mean = 9) afforded similar rates for US-guided procedures (90% vs. 92%). In contrast, 5-year programmes showed higher rates for US + F (62% vs. 34%), CT-guided (57% vs. 22%), and F + DSA (45% vs. 35%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The marked disparity in exposure to IR procedures among SA general radiology trainees underscores the need for standardised IR training.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to document the procedural scope of IR training in SA. As such, it provides unique insights that can inform curriculum development and workplace-based assessments across the radiology teaching platform.</p>","PeriodicalId":521047,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the colleges of medicine of South Africa","volume":"4 1","pages":"374"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13543289/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148898867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index and liver fibrosis in biliary atresia.","authors":"Elizabeth Brits, Stephen Brown, Lezelle Botes, Michael Pienaar","doi":"10.4102/jcmsa.v4i1.447","DOIUrl":"10.4102/jcmsa.v4i1.447","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (APRi) has been proposed as a non-invasive biomarker of liver injury in biliary atresia (BA). However, conflicting evidence and varying cutoff values have left its association with histologically confirmed liver damage uncertain. This study assessed the relationship between APRi and liver injury severity (Meta-Analysis of Histological Data in Viral Hepatitis [METAVIR] F0-F4) in BA and evaluated its predictive value.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analytical review of electronic records was conducted for all BA patients treated at a South African academic hospital between 01 January 2009 and 31 December 2019.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixty-seven patients were included, 74.6% of whom were female. The most common subtypes were cytomegalovirus (CMV) immunoglobulin M-positive (IgM+) BA (34.3%) and isolated BA (31.3%); about one-third could not be classified because CMV serology was unavailable. Liver biopsy METAVIR scores were F1 (8.3%), F2 (50.0%), F3 (18.3%) and F4 (23.3%). In a sub-analysis (<i>n</i> = 39), APRi modestly differentiated ≤ F2 from ≥ F3 fibrosis at a cutoff of 2.69 (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.61). Decision curve analysis suggested modest clinical utility despite a non-significant logistic regression model (odds ratio 1.25; 95% confidence interval 0.94-1.92; <i>p</i> = 0.2). Of the 55 patients with known outcomes, 94.5% (<i>n</i> = 52) had confirmed mortality or were referred for palliative care.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index should not replace established clinical decision-making but may provide useful adjunctive information alongside clinical, biochemical and histological assessment. These findings provide contextual evidence from a South African resource-limited setting and support prospective multicentre validation before routine clinical implementation.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>The study contributes evidence supporting continued evaluation of APRi as an adjunctive non-invasive biomarker in BA in the South African setting.</p>","PeriodicalId":521047,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the colleges of medicine of South Africa","volume":"4 1","pages":"447"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13543225/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148898804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformer for teaching and learning: A survey among health professions educators.","authors":"Niren R Maharaj, Christolene M B Saaiman, Dirk T Hagemeister","doi":"10.4102/jcmsa.v4i1.442","DOIUrl":"10.4102/jcmsa.v4i1.442","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformer (ChatGPT) has the potential to transform Health Professions Education (HPE), but its integration into educational practice is likely to be influenced by the knowledge, attitudes and practices of health professions educators. The aim was to assess these educators' knowledge and awareness, attitudes and practices regarding ChatGPT.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted at a large teaching hospital using a structured questionnaire. Data were collected and analysed quantitatively to compare responses across professional groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A convenience sample of 360 healthcare professionals was recruited, comprising medical practitioners (MPs) (46.4%), health and rehabilitation sciences practitioners (HRSP) (13.3%) and nursing practitioners (NP) (40.3%). Most participants (<i>n</i> = 233; 64.9%) were aged 31-50 years and self-identified as female (<i>n</i> = 242; 67.4%). Awareness of ChatGPT was higher among MPs (98.8%) and HRSPs (95.8%), compared with NPs (65.5%). More than half of the respondents (55.3%) agreed that ChatGPT improves teaching and learning and that students should use it (54.9%), while 81.9% supported its further development. Concerns included incorrect information (63.2%), plagiarism (78.0%) and reduced independent thinking (64.5%). The current use was low (34.9%) and only 20 (19.0%) had received prior training. Most respondents reported easy access (81.7%) and requested further training (92.5%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Differences in knowledge, attitudes and practices exist among health professionals and may influence the integration of ChatGPT into HPE. Further research and targeted artificial intelligence (AI) literacy programmes are recommended to support its implementation.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>The study provided valuable insights that could contribute to the development of AI-inclusive curricula in HPE.</p>","PeriodicalId":521047,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the colleges of medicine of South Africa","volume":"4 1","pages":"442"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13543221/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148898892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The utilisation of procedural sedation and analgesia at a regional hospital emergency department in KwaZulu-Natal.","authors":"Alicia Ackerman, Halalisiwe Khanyi, Seelan Pillay","doi":"10.4102/jcmsa.v4i1.429","DOIUrl":"10.4102/jcmsa.v4i1.429","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Procedural sedation and analgesia (PSA) is a core competency of emergency medicine physicians. Although international guidelines and research have advanced considerably, limited data exist on PSA practice in South African emergency departments, particularly within KwaZulu-Natal.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective review of documented PSA practice at Dr Pixley Ka Isaka Seme Memorial Hospital (DPKISMH) between 01 June 2024 and 01 June 2025. Demographic data, clinical indications, preprocedural preparation, monitoring standards, drug class use, and complications were extracted from procedural sedation forms and patient records. Descriptive statistics were applied to summarise findings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 165 documented cases of PSA were analysed. Orthopaedic manipulations accounted for the majority of procedures (69.7%), followed by burn wound care (16.3%) and intercostal drain placement (7.9%). Patients were predominantly young adults without comorbidities, though the cohort spanned a broad age range from 18 months to 87 years. Preprocedural preparation revealed variable fasting status, with supplemental oxygen applied in most cases. Ketamine was the predominant agent, frequently supplemented with opioids for analgesia. Monitoring adhered to the Emergency Medicine Society of South Africa (EMSSA) recommendations, with most cases documented as conducted under a three-provider model. Documented complications were mild and transient, with no aspiration or vomiting reported in this cohort.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study reviewed documented PSA practices in a regional emergency department (ED) in KwaZulu-Natal, describing patient demographics, clinical indications, preprocedural preparation and monitoring standards, drug class use, and complication frequency.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>The findings provide a baseline for understanding current practice and highlight areas for further development and research across South African emergency departments.</p>","PeriodicalId":521047,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the colleges of medicine of South Africa","volume":"4 1","pages":"429"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13443823/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148687620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An exploratory evaluation of the acceptability of revised physician examinations in South Africa initiated during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.","authors":"Farah Dawood, Veena S Singaram, Bilkish Cassim","doi":"10.4102/jcmsa.v4i1.388","DOIUrl":"10.4102/jcmsa.v4i1.388","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study explored the acceptability of the decentralised assessment of clinical competency (AOCC) and digital structured oral examination (SOE), introduced in South Africa (SA) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, with a view to informing their potential continuation and refinement in post-pandemic contexts.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A mixed-methods study was conducted with candidates and examiners from SA training centres who participated in the AOCC and SOE in 2020-2021. Quantitative data explored perceptions regarding the credibility of the revised formats. For deeper insights, focus group discussions were held. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty candidates completed the questionnaires with at least one representative from each SA training centre. Twelve examiners responded to the AOCC and 13 to the SOE questionnaires. Both groups viewed the revised formats broadly positively, highlighting the AOCC's fairness, relevance and acceptability. Analysis highlighted advantages such as logistical benefits, and challenges, including the need for standardisation of registrar training. The SOE was endorsed by more than 70% of participants for its standardisation, objectivity and breadth of content coverage. Both groups expressed concerns about limited examiner-candidate interaction, while candidates reported uncertainty regarding the depth of responses required.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The revised formats were broadly acceptable and perceived as valid alternatives to the previous format of the examination. These findings support the continuation of hybrid, decentralised formats for future assessments.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>This study provides insight into the benefits and drawbacks of the amended Fellowship of the College of Physicians (SA) examination format, offering guidance for future reforms in medical assessment in SA and comparable resource-constrained contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":521047,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the colleges of medicine of South Africa","volume":"4 1","pages":"388"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13443918/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148687553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The 21st Biennial congress of the South African Society of Nuclear Medicine conference report.","authors":"Bawinile P Hadebe, Mariza Vorster","doi":"10.4102/jcmsa.v4i1.377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/jcmsa.v4i1.377","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":521047,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the colleges of medicine of South Africa","volume":"4 1","pages":"377"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13443484/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148687578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}