Sage open pediatrics..最新文献

{"title":"Predictors of Retention Among HIV Exposed Infants in the Early Infant Diagnosis Program in Lilongwe Rural, Malawi.","authors":"Julia Phensere, Alinane Linda Nyondo-Mipando, Save Kumwenda, Vincent Jumbe","doi":"10.1177/30502225261476849","DOIUrl":"10.1177/30502225261476849","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Early Infant Diagnosis (EID) Program exists to improve the identification of HIV-exposed infants(HEIs) to accelerate linkage to care. The trends of retention in EID have been 88%, 91% and 93% retention at 24^th month age cohort in the last quarter of 2022, 2023 and 2024 respectively. However, these rates varied across health facilities, with some reporting much lower retention. This study explored factors influencing the retention of HEIs within the program.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a barrier analysis study at four facilities. We recruited 90 HIV-exposed infants 0-24 months of age purposively: 45 doers (retained in care) and 45non-doers (not retained in care). The independent variables were self-efficacy, social norms, access, culture, and religion. The dependent variable was retention.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Distance to the health facility (<i>p</i> = 0.001), mothers'/caregivers' willingness to seek services (<i>p</i> = 0.006), absence of a life partner (<i>p</i> = 0.004), and approval and support from partners, family members, and the community (<i>p</i> = 0.049) were significant determinants of clients' utilization of early infant diagnosis (EID) program services. These findings suggest that both structural factors (e.g., distance to health facilities) and social factors (e.g., life partner, family and community support) play important roles in influencing the uptake of EID services.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings highlight the need for multifaceted interventions that address health system, behavioral, and social determinants simultaneously to improve retention in EID services.</p>","PeriodicalId":520921,"journal":{"name":"Sage open pediatrics..","volume":"13 ","pages":"30502225261476849"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13454931/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148709455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence of Neonatal Meningitis and the Premature Mortality in Eastern Sub-saharan Africa, From 1990 to 2023: A Global Burden of Diseases Study.","authors":"Sebsibe Tadesse, Tibeso Gemechu, Kebebew Lemma, Embay Amare Alemseged, Abraham Lomboro Dimore, Hiwot Hailu Amare, Jemal Bedewi, Zufan Tessema, Abera Mersha, Yemane Berhane Tesfau, Embaba Tekelaye Welesemayat, Boko Loka Safayi, Alqeer Aliyo, Belda Negesa Beyene, Girma Ashenafi, Geleta Nenko Dube, Beka Yambo Jofa, Anteneh Fikrie","doi":"10.1177/30502225261476890","DOIUrl":"10.1177/30502225261476890","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Quantify neonatal meningitis incidence and years of life lost (YLLs) in Eastern Sub-Saharan Africa (ESSA) from 1990 to 2023.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Secondary analysis of GBD data analyzed temporal trends by location, year and sex. Bayesian meta-regression estimated incidence, cause of death ensemble modeling calculated YLLs, and spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression smoothed trends. Estimates include 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 2023, ESSA's neonatal meningitis incidence rate was 2,542 per 100,000 (95% UI: 2,043-3,065), heavily concentrated in early neonates (5,415) versus late neonates (1,574). The regional YLL rate was 24,855 per 100,000, driven by early neonates (66,882). Somalia and South Sudan exceeded regional averages. Globally, YLL rates declined from 1990 to 2023 (Annual Rate of Change: -0.70%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ESSA faces a severe neonatal meningitis burden skewed toward early neonates. Urgent strategies must scale up maternal screening, intrapartum antibiotics, and rapid diagnostics for fast-tracked treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":520921,"journal":{"name":"Sage open pediatrics..","volume":"13 ","pages":"30502225261476890"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13443256/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148687525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short-Term Outcomes After Orchiopexy for Undescended Testes at two Public Hospitals in Ethiopia: A Prospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Jejaw Endale Mihretie, Abay Gosaye Wondimu, Thomas Kidanemariam Yewodiaw","doi":"10.1177/30502225261474920","DOIUrl":"10.1177/30502225261474920","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Undescended testis (UDT) is the most common congenital genital anomaly in male children. Although orchiopexy is recommended within the first year of life to optimize testicular function and reduce the risk of malignancy, delayed surgical correction remains common in low-resource settings. Evidence on short-term postoperative outcomes in such contexts is limited. This study assessed the incidence and predictors of short-term complications following orchiopexy for UDT.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective cohort study was conducted at two Ethiopian public hospitals from April 2023 to October 2024. Boys undergoing orchiopexy were followed for six months postoperatively. Sociodemographic, clinical, and perioperative data were collected using a structured tool. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify independent predictors of postoperative complications. Analysis was conducted using Stata version 17, and results were reported as adjusted odds ratios (AOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI); statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 134 patients were included. The median age at presentation was 2 years, indicating delayed presentation in most cases. The incidence of short-term postoperative complications was 14.3%. On multivariable analysis, age at surgery >2 years (AOR = 6.85, 95% CI: 1.21-38.60), small intraoperative testicular size (AOR = 4.95, 95% CI: 1.78-13.73), and high testicular position at or above the deep inguinal ring (AOR = 4.07, 95% CI: 1.37-12.07) were independent predictors of postoperative complications.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Delayed orchiopexy and adverse testicular characteristics are associated with increased short-term postoperative complications. These findings emphasize the need for early diagnosis, timely referral, and improved access to pediatric surgical services in resource-limited settings. Longer follow-up studies are warranted to assess long-term outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":520921,"journal":{"name":"Sage open pediatrics..","volume":"13 ","pages":"30502225261474920"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13434086/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148674949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of Under-five Child Mortality in the East End of Freetown, Sierra Leone: A Hurdle Negative Binomial Modelling Approach.","authors":"Regina Baby Sesay, Sheku Seppeh, Kpangay Mohamed","doi":"10.1177/30502225261474339","DOIUrl":"10.1177/30502225261474339","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To identify the main determinants of under-five child mortality in the eastern region of Sierra Leone's capital using the most appropriate count regression modeling approach.</p><p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Sierra Leone has seen rising under-five mortality, especially in densely populated areas like the eastern part of its capital. Understanding the main factors associated with such under-five mortality is vital for guiding healthcare policies and promoting appropriate interventions to reduce its risk.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this research, 755 observations were randomly collected from the residents of the study area through interviews and questionnaires. This paper fitted several count models: Poisson and Generalized Poisson regressions, Zero-inflated Poisson regression, Negative binomial regression, and the Hurdle Negative Binomial regression. To compare the models based on how well they fit the count data at hand, this research used the Vuong non-nested test, the Akaike Information Criterion, the Bayesian Information Criterion, and a graphical method called the hanging rootogram.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The hurdle negative binomial regression model is identified as the preferred model that best fits the data used in this study. The best-fitting model showed that the mother's age, mosquito net use, family income, and child feeding practices are the main determinants.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study revealed that a younger maternal age, a reduction in family income, a decline in both the frequency and quality of child feeding, and a decrease in the number of times a child sleeps under a mosquito net were each associated with a heightened risk of mortality among children under five in the study area.</p>","PeriodicalId":520921,"journal":{"name":"Sage open pediatrics..","volume":"13 ","pages":"30502225261474339"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13428114/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148655613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of Under-five Mortality in Vietnam: Evidence From a Nationwide Survey.","authors":"Ly Cong Tran, Phuong Minh Nguyen, Mai Anh Minh Truong, Duy-Truong Khac Le, Nguyen Thi Nguyen Thao, Long Duy Phun, My Hoang Le, Nhu Thi Huynh Tran, Chuong Nguyen-Dinh-Nguyen, Nghia Quang Bui","doi":"10.1177/30502225261474470","DOIUrl":"10.1177/30502225261474470","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine biological, maternal, and socio-cognitive determinants of under-five mortality in Vietnam using nationally representative data.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study analyzed data from the Vietnam Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2020-2021, including 4,475 children under five. Bayesian Model Averaging reduced redundancy among correlated predictors and addressed model uncertainty before multivariable logistic regression identified independent predictors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Multiple birth was the strongest risk factor (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 8.37, 95% CI 4.35-15.87; P<0.001). Receiving prenatal care from a doctor was strongly protective and was associated with a 64% lower odds of death (aOR 0.36, 95% CI 0.25-0.52; P<0.001). Birth interval of at least 4 years, maternal age ≥35 years, and maternal digital connectivity were also associated with better survival.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings highlight biological vulnerability and modifiable social determinants of child survival in Vietnam, supporting targeted interventions for high-risk births and equitable access to quality maternal and newborn care.</p>","PeriodicalId":520921,"journal":{"name":"Sage open pediatrics..","volume":"13 ","pages":"30502225261474470"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13424502/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148655634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Childhood Cancer Survivorship in Cameroon: A Pilot Study at Mbingo Baptist Hospital Demonstrates the Need for Structured Survivorship Follow-Up and Support Services.","authors":"Francine Kouya, Glenn Mbah Afungchwi, Alberic Ndonku Signang, Megan Cruise, Angele Pondy-Ongotsoyi","doi":"10.1177/30502225261474259","DOIUrl":"10.1177/30502225261474259","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Childhood cancer survival is improving in low-resource settings, but long-term outcomes remain poorly described.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional survey of 172 survivors diagnosed before age 18 and treated between 2000 and 2020 at Mbingo Baptist Hospital was conducted. Questionnaires assessed education, stigma, disability, fertility, and perceived burden. A six-domain composite QoL index was analysed, and logistic regression identified predictors of poor outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results participants: </strong>were predominantly Burkitt lymphoma survivors (82.6%), with a median age of 18.8 years and 9-year survivorship. While 68.6% resumed schooling, one-third did not. Disabilities affected 20.9%, and 38.4% felt like a burden. QoL was moderate in 61.6% and low in 7.6%. Older age at treatment predicted poorer QoL.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Survivors face persistent educational and psychosocial challenges. Structured survivorship programmes integrating counselling, rehabilitation, and social reintegration are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":520921,"journal":{"name":"Sage open pediatrics..","volume":"13 ","pages":"30502225261474259"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13408282/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148612413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hemophilia and Type 1 Diabetes in a Pediatric Patient: Case Report of an Extremely Rare Association.","authors":"Manuel André Virú-Loza","doi":"10.1177/30502225261470511","DOIUrl":"10.1177/30502225261470511","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Reports on the association between hemophilia and pediatric diabetes are very scarce in the literature, with no more than four worldwide. This report describes the case of a 14-year-old male with severe hemophilia A and type 1 diabetes who was brought to the emergency department due to fever and bruising on his back and jaw following trauma. The patient responded well to plasma-derived factor VIII, drainage, antibiotic therapy, and management with NPH and Regular insulin. There were no problems with the use of subcutaneous insulins during hospitalization. Previously reported cases in the literature describe potential bleeding and bruising associated with devices used for managing pediatric diabetes. However, severe bleeding and bruising that significantly impede diabetes treatment do not appear to be present, although individualized management is still required.</p>","PeriodicalId":520921,"journal":{"name":"Sage open pediatrics..","volume":"13 ","pages":"30502225261470511"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13373394/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148475777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of Early Child Development.","authors":"Tatyana Itova","doi":"10.1177/30502225261464725","DOIUrl":"10.1177/30502225261464725","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Early childhood development is shaped by interactions between biological, prenatal, nutritional, and social factors. Evidence regarding their domain-specific associations across ASQ-3 domains remains limited in Eastern Europe.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To examine biological, prenatal, nutritional, and social predictors of developmental outcomes measured with the ASQ-3.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study included 167 full-term Bulgarian children aged 14-42 months. Parents completed age-appropriate ASQ-3 questionnaires and a structured survey on prenatal and family characteristics. Raw ASQ-3 scores were converted into age-standardized Z-scores. Stepwise multiple linear regression analyses were conducted for each domain.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Longer breastfeeding duration was positively associated with communication, fine motor, and problem-solving outcomes. Prenatal tobacco exposure was associated with lower communication, fine motor, and problem-solving scores. Communication outcomes were additionally associated with residential setting and bilingual home environment. No significant predictors were identified for gross motor development.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Early developmental domains demonstrate distinct associations with prenatal, nutritional, and social factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":520921,"journal":{"name":"Sage open pediatrics..","volume":"13 ","pages":"30502225261464725"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13342389/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148414659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementation of Child Life Services in Pediatric HSCT: A Pilot Study From Thailand.","authors":"Keerati Yooyen, Kanokphan Chuchottaworn, Samart Pakakasama, Jariya Chuthapisith","doi":"10.1177/30502225261466108","DOIUrl":"10.1177/30502225261466108","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite improved survival after pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in Thailand, many children experience physical and psychological distress. This pilot study evaluated the feasibility of a child life program and its preliminary effects on outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This pilot pre-post study included 10 children aged 2-8 years undergoing HSCT. The program comprised an HSCT educational video, therapeutic play, art therapy, online group activities, and homebound instruction after discharge. Outcomes were assessed at baseline and 6 months using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL), Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), and Parenting Stress Index (PSI). Changes were analyzed using paired t-tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PedsQL total, nausea, and nutrition scores improved significantly. PSI difficult child scores decreased slightly, whereas CBCL scores showed no significant changes. Six children returned to school within one year.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Child life services were feasible and showed potential to improve short-term quality of life in HSCT patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":520921,"journal":{"name":"Sage open pediatrics..","volume":"13 ","pages":"30502225261466108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13323666/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148379549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence, Mortality, and Premature Mortality From Neonatal Disorders in Eastern Sub-Saharan Africa, From 1990 to 2023.","authors":"Sebsibe Tadesse, Bekam Yambo Jofa, Gelgelo Wodessa, Teshome Gensa, Begetayinoral Kussie, Abera Mersha, Abraham Geremew, Maleda Tefera, Haymanot Mezmur, Abadi Kidanemariam Berhe, Yemane Berhane Tesfau, Embaba Tekelaye Welesemayat, Boko Loka Safayi, Belda Negesa Beyene, Kebebew Lemma, Miesa Gelchu, Anteneh Fikrie Tekola","doi":"10.1177/30502225261464733","DOIUrl":"10.1177/30502225261464733","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Neonatal disorders represent a significant global health challenge with a critical research gap in resource-constrained settings.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to estimate the incidence, mortality, and years of life lost (YLLs) from neonatal disorders in the Eastern Sub-Saharan Africa (ESSA) region from 1990 to 2023.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study used estimation methods from the Global Burden of Diseases 2023 study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the region, there were an estimated 300,042 new cases of neonatal disorders per 100,000 live births (95% UI: 293,808, 305,567), 21,889 deaths per 100,000 live births (95% UI: 20,447, 22,993), and 1.9 million YLLs per 100,000 live births (95% UI: 1.8, 2.1) in 2023. There was a considerable decline in the rates between 1990 and 2023.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The ESSA region experienced considerably high rates of incidence, mortality, and YLLs from neonatal disorders. Targeted interventions, including primary prevention and quality maternal and newborn health services should be implemented.</p>","PeriodicalId":520921,"journal":{"name":"Sage open pediatrics..","volume":"13 ","pages":"30502225261464733"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13310337/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148348649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}