Changing Societies & Personalities最新文献

Orwellian Doublespeak: Dialogicality and the English Language 奥威尔双关语：对话性与英语

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Changing Societies & Personalities Pub Date : 2021-12-30 DOI: 10.15826/csp.2021.5.4.158

T. Beavitt

{"title":"Orwellian Doublespeak: Dialogicality and the English Language","authors":"T. Beavitt","doi":"10.15826/csp.2021.5.4.158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15826/csp.2021.5.4.158","url":null,"abstract":"The English writer George Orwell is often credited with uncannily accurate prophetic powers, so much so that the adjective “Orwellian” may (ironically) refer to that predicted dystopian future through which we are presently living (McKenna, 2019). Various terms drawn from Orwell’s novel “1984”—including “Big Brother”, “Thought Police”, “Two Minutes Hate”, “Room 101”, “memory hole”, “Newspeak”, “doublethink”, “unperson” and “thoughtcrime”—have also entered the popular lexicon. But perhaps the most striking illustration of the political tendency to abuse language appears in the incongruous fictitious slogan WAR IS PEACE. SLAVERY IS FREEDOM. IGNORANCE IS STRENGTH. In his famous 1946 essay Politics and the English Language (Orwell, 1946), which has since become a “required text” (Pinsker, 1997) in the essay canon (Bloom, 1999), Orwell asserts that “all issues are political issues, and politics itself is a mass of lies, evasions, folly, hatred and schizophrenia”. To his list of contemporaneous terms that suffer from political “abuse”1, he adduces the term “science”. It is interesting to consider what Orwell would have made of the common present-day usage of this word that employs the definite article (“the science”), often prefaced with imperative verbs such as “trust”, “listen to” or “believe in”2, to imply something that is established as beyond appropriate criticism. In a previous work, we examined the extent to which English functions as an “interlingua” to facilitate scientific communication, as well as some senses in which it can be criticised as promoting linguistic imperialism (Popova & Beavitt, 2017). In subsequent works, we considered three sociological aspects of the phenomenon of science (Popova et al., 2018) and discussed usages of the English article system from the perspective of Russian scientific","PeriodicalId":52087,"journal":{"name":"Changing Societies & Personalities","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49371749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Surviving COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Social Media and Family Social Capital in Promoting a Healthy Lifestyle in Indonesia 在新冠肺炎大流行中幸存：社交媒体和家庭社会资本在印度尼西亚促进健康生活方式中的作用

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Changing Societies & Personalities Pub Date : 2021-12-30 DOI: 10.15826/csp.2021.5.4.152

Rini Sudarmanti, Tri Wahyuti, P. Naomi

引用次数: 0

Gender-Related Attitudes toward Homosexuality in Greece 希腊对同性恋的性别态度

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Changing Societies & Personalities Pub Date : 2021-12-30 DOI: 10.15826/csp.2021.5.4.156

Christos Konstantinidis, E. Bebetsos, F. Filippou, E. Zetou

{"title":"Gender-Related Attitudes toward Homosexuality in Greece","authors":"Christos Konstantinidis, E. Bebetsos, F. Filippou, E. Zetou","doi":"10.15826/csp.2021.5.4.156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15826/csp.2021.5.4.156","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to investigate the relevance of the “Attitudes toward Lesbians and Gay Men” (ATLG) Scale developed by G. M. Herek to the Greek society. The study consists of two stages or sub-studies. At the first stage, the sample consisted of 186 undergraduate university students and at the second, 254 undergraduate university students, who studied at the Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Democritus University of Thrace in Komotini, Greece. Methodologically speaking, our research relied on the methods of descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, reliability analysis (Cronbach’s α, composite reliability and average variance extracted) and t-test for independent sample. The results of the first stage showed that the two factors, men’s homophobia and women’s homophobia, accounted for 58% of the total variance. At the second stage, three confirmatory factor analyses were performed: men’s homophobia, women’s homophobia and total homophobia. We also found gender-related differences in students’ attitudes to homosexuality, but only as far as male homosexuality is concerned.","PeriodicalId":52087,"journal":{"name":"Changing Societies & Personalities","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43195954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Knowledge: From Ethical Category to Knowledge Capitalism 知识:从伦理范畴到知识资本主义

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Changing Societies & Personalities Pub Date : 2021-12-30 DOI: 10.15826/csp.2021.5.4.150

Dmitry Kochetkov, I. Kochetkova

引用次数: 1

Urban Identities in Russian Cities and the Prospects of Their “Smart” Development 俄罗斯城市的城市认同及其“智能”发展前景

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Changing Societies & Personalities Pub Date : 2021-12-30 DOI: 10.15826/csp.2021.5.4.154

N. Kostko, I. Pecherkina

{"title":"Urban Identities in Russian Cities and the Prospects of Their “Smart” Development","authors":"N. Kostko, I. Pecherkina","doi":"10.15826/csp.2021.5.4.154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15826/csp.2021.5.4.154","url":null,"abstract":"This article deals with the urban identity and its connection with the urban dwellers’ willingness to take part in the processes of decisionmaking concerning the future of their cities, their rejection, or, on the contrary, acceptance of the vision of “smart” development promoted by city leaders. The study gives special attention to the gap between the citizens’ perceptions of their cities and the ideal image of their city (perception-expectation gap). The study provides an overview of the contemporary approaches to the concept of “smart city”, and approaches to urban governance and city identity. The study focused on three Russian cities—Tyumen, Tobolsk and Khanty-Mansiysk, located in Tyumen region in Western Siberia. Our surveys were conducted in November 2020 and involved the residents of these cities aged 18 to 70. In total, 877 people were surveyed in Tyumen, 443 people in Tobolsk and 498 people in Khanty-Mansiysk. The questionnaire, which was specially designed for this study, was aimed to measure the residents’ level of attachment to their cities and their perception-expectation gap. Significant differences were revealed between the cities in terms of the strength of their residents’ urban identity, their emotional attachment to their cities, and expectations about their further development. We found that the larger is the perception-expectation gap, the less emotionally attached the citizens are to their cities and the less committed they are to contributing to its future development and prosperity. These research findings can be of interest to urban policy-makers, regional and national governments. The proposed research methodology can be adapted and/or expanded for further cross-city and cross-country analysis.","PeriodicalId":52087,"journal":{"name":"Changing Societies & Personalities","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42418035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A General Attitude towards Shopping and Its Link with Basic Human Values in the UK 英国对购物的普遍态度及其与人类基本价值观的联系

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Changing Societies & Personalities Pub Date : 2021-12-30 DOI: 10.15826/csp.2021.5.4.153

Francesco Rigoli

{"title":"A General Attitude towards Shopping and Its Link with Basic Human Values in the UK","authors":"Francesco Rigoli","doi":"10.15826/csp.2021.5.4.153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15826/csp.2021.5.4.153","url":null,"abstract":"Prior literature about shopping has focused mostly on specific aspects such as on attitudes towards specific products or shopping practices. A General Shopping Attitude (GSA), capturing how much an individual is attracted by shopping in general, has rarely been explored. In an online questionnaire study conducted in the UK, here we developed and validated a self-report scale to assess GSA. Moreover, adopting Schwartz’s theory of basic human values as framework, we explored the relationship between GSA and general value orientations. We observed that people valuing more Self-enhancement versus Self-transcendence (i.e., valuing the own social status and wellbeing versus the wellbeing of others and of the environment) reported more positive GSA. This fits with theories proposing that, in consumer societies, shopping is appealing because it allows one to achieve social status. Contrary to perspectives claiming that shopping is appealing because it enables expressing creativity and freedom, a negative relation between GSA and Self-direction (i.e., a tendency to value freedom and creativity) emerged. Rather, this observation fits with proposals viewing the appeal of shopping in its ability to enable one to conform to a reference group’s standards. These findings shed light on general value orientations underlying the appeal of shopping.","PeriodicalId":52087,"journal":{"name":"Changing Societies & Personalities","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46966209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reactualisation of Triadology in Polemics with Postmetaphysics 后形而上学论战中三位一体论的再实现

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Changing Societies & Personalities Pub Date : 2021-12-30 DOI: 10.15826/csp.2021.5.4.159

A. V. Lavrentiev

{"title":"Reactualisation of Triadology in Polemics with Postmetaphysics","authors":"A. V. Lavrentiev","doi":"10.15826/csp.2021.5.4.159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15826/csp.2021.5.4.159","url":null,"abstract":"The book Revelation of Love: Trinitarian Truth of Being is a monograph written by the Russian thinker Oleg Davydov and published by St. Andrew’s Biblical Theological Institute in 2020. While working on the book, the author was engaged in research activities at the institutes in the Far Eastern Russian cities Khabarovsk and Vladivostok; at the time of publication, he was a Professor at the Department of Theology of the Moscow Theological Academy. The monograph presents an original project, which is significant both for contemporary Russian theology and Christian philosophy generally. First and foremost, the scale of the project is impressive as the author sets out to develop a fundamental Christian apologetics for the modern world, which ranges from the mediaeval metaphysics up to the contemporary postmodern philosophy. Moreover, the author abandoned traditional style of theological discourse and produced a work of a synthetic genre, which combines a scientific monograph with a polemical treatise, a manifesto, and it also includes lengthy metaphoric digressions. In his attempt to justify the truth of the Christian understanding of reality, the author compares a very wide range of theological and philosophical doctrines with modern and contemporary theories. His approach is mainly critical as the author aims to show the inconsistencies in the dominant philosophical paradigms of our time and reveal the flaws in various modern and postmodern theological projects. It is in in this polemical context that the monograph addresses the main issue of Christian theology—the relation of God to the creation. Consequently, it also discusses the nature of knowledge and the possibility of communication with God.","PeriodicalId":52087,"journal":{"name":"Changing Societies & Personalities","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43099077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Trade, Politics and Borderlands: Russia and Britain in the Age of Enterprise 贸易、政治与边疆：企业时代的俄罗斯与英国

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Changing Societies & Personalities Pub Date : 2021-12-30 DOI: 10.15826/csp.2021.5.4.157

S. Sokolov

引用次数: 0

Changing the Paradigm of Inclusion: How Blind People Could Help People without Disabilities to Acquire New Competences 改变包容的范式:盲人如何帮助非残疾人获得新的能力

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Changing Societies & Personalities Pub Date : 2021-12-30 DOI: 10.15826/csp.2021.5.4.151

Konstantin V. Barannikov, F. Ismagilova, Zijun Li, Oleg Kolpashchikov

{"title":"Changing the Paradigm of Inclusion: How Blind People Could Help People without Disabilities to Acquire New Competences","authors":"Konstantin V. Barannikov, F. Ismagilova, Zijun Li, Oleg Kolpashchikov","doi":"10.15826/csp.2021.5.4.151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15826/csp.2021.5.4.151","url":null,"abstract":"People with disabilities have been increasingly regarded as the most powerful and overlooked workforce in the labor market, although frequently confronted with ineffectiveness in cooperation with colleagues without disabilities. The traditional paradigm of inclusion considers blind people as dependents needing help. Inclusive society is highly aimed at effective interactions between the workforce with and without disabilities. The present article regards people with disabilities as those having diverse potentials which stem from different cultural backgrounds, and behaving differently during intercultural interactions with individuals without disabilities. This article proposes a new disability inclusion paradigm involving successful blind professionals in mentoring activities, to share their experience with top managers and experts in Russian organizations. Through focus groups and in-depth interviews, this article finds specific differences in explicit and implicit interactive behaviors between individuals with and without blindness. Furthermore, the present article highlights the positive effect of a disability inclusion paradigm on cultural intelligence development of organizational managers and experts.","PeriodicalId":52087,"journal":{"name":"Changing Societies & Personalities","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45533950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cognitive Attitudes and Biases of Victim Mentality 受害者心理的认知态度与偏见

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Changing Societies & Personalities Pub Date : 2021-12-30 DOI: 10.15826/csp.2021.5.4.155

O. Andronnikova, S. Kudinov

引用次数: 0