Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)最新文献

{"title":"A conceptual model for ambient volatile organic compounds over Staten Island, New York.","authors":"Jay Turner, Dirk Felton, Peter Furdyna, Jackie Perry, George Allen, Barbara Morin, Paul J Miller","doi":"10.1080/10962247.2025.2610231","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10962247.2025.2610231","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The greater New York City area has failed to attain the National Ambient Air Quality Standard for ozone for more than 30 yr. Ozone is produced in the atmosphere by photochemical reactions involving volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and nitrogen oxides (NO_x). Analyses suggest that summertime ozone production in the urban core of the nonattainment area is often limited by VOCs or is in the transition regime between NO_x and VOC limitation. VOC monitoring at hourly time resolution was conducted for more than 1 yr on Staten Island, NY, to gain insights into VOC emission sources upwind of the New York City area. These data were analyzed using a suite of source apportionment tools. A petroleum refinery was identified as a major propylene source, while a spatial zone with numerous hydrocarbon storage tank farms and terminal operations was identified as a major source for several additional VOCs previously deemed influential in ozone production in the New York City urban core. VOC source regions along Newark Bay were also identified. This work demonstrates the use of highly time-resolved VOC data and source apportionment tools to support air quality management.<i>Implications</i>: This study developed a refined understanding of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emission sources through hourly VOC monitoring on Staten Island, NY, and demonstrated the value of highly time-resolved VOC data to support air quality management. The study's results collectively suggest that targeted VOC control strategies within and immediately upwind of the dense NOx emissions area within the New York City urban core can help reduce ozone in the New York City urban region as a complement to regional NOx control strategies addressing high ozone formed farther downwind of the city.</p>","PeriodicalId":520693,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)","volume":" ","pages":"271-283"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146021128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable sludge management through circular economy solutions for resource recovery and carbon footprint reduction.","authors":"Vahid Razaviarani, Mohammad AlKour, Angel M Thomas","doi":"10.1080/10962247.2025.2596028","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10962247.2025.2596028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Every city relies on wastewater treatment plants to process wastewater from industrial, agricultural, and domestic sources. The byproduct of these processes is sludge, a biosolid substance rich in chemical properties. While sludge has various potential uses, improper handling can lead to significant environmental risks. This paper investigates how the Circular Economy idea might be applied to handle sludge efficiently, with the goal of reducing waste and minimizing carbon impact. The main topic of discussion is the recovery principle of the circular economy, particularly focusing on the recovery of nutrients and energy from sludge. The data for this study is drawn from sludge produced at a water treatment plant in Dubai, where it is currently disposed of in landfills. The findings reveal that 2% of the sludge can be used for nutrient extraction, 19% can be processed for energy recovery through anaerobic digestion, and the remaining portion can be incinerated to generate electricity for the entire treatment process. Further research and analysis are needed to fully understand the long-term ecological and economic advantages of this approach.<i>Implications</i>: This study demonstrates the potential for integrating Circular Economy principles into wastewater sludge management, with significant implications for environmental policy and sustainable urban planning. By recovering nutrients and energy from sludge currently sent to landfills, Dubai could reduce waste, lower carbon emissions, and contribute meaningfully to its 2030 emission reduction targets. The research provides a compelling case for policymakers to support investment in resource recovery technologies such as anaerobic digestion and incineration. Adopting these sustainable practices not only promotes energy efficiency and climate action but also strengthens the city's resilience in managing urban waste, aligning with broader regional and global sustainability goals.</p>","PeriodicalId":520693,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)","volume":" ","pages":"213-228"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145703733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing compost maturity and nitrogen content through cocomposting of chicken feather waste with rice husk and vegetable residues.","authors":"Oanh Thi Hoang Le, Long Ky Chu, Quang Van Pham, Hong Thi Tran, Ha Ngan Nguyen, Hai Thi Nguyen, Hang Thuy Dinh","doi":"10.1080/10962247.2025.2587011","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10962247.2025.2587011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chicken feather waste is a potential low-cost nitrogen source for fertilizer production. However, due to its recalcitrant biodegradability, low C/N ratio, and high water content, composting chicken feather waste requires amendments. Optimizing the initial substrate composition plays a key role in improving composting performance. This study investigated the effects of varying chicken feather waste proportions, which altered the initial C/N ratio of the composting substrate, on the physicochemical evolution and final product quality of compost mixtures containing rice husk as a bulking agent and readily degradable vegetable residues. The substrates were composted in static compost bins of 20 L for 126 days under ambient conditions (~28°C). Significant differences were observed in physicochemical evolution and compost quality. A higher proportion of chicken feather waste or a lower initial C/N ratio led to increased total nitrogen (TN), extractable NH₄⁺, and SO₄^2‒ concentrations during composting and in the final products. The addition of rice husk and vegetable residue improved the germination index of compost products from chicken feather waste. It was found that more-nutrient-rich compost could be produced by co-composting chicken feather waste with a low C/N ratio.<i>Implications</i>: This study highlights the interrelation of cosubstrates (rice husk, vegetable residue) in the decomposition of chicken feather waste. Nutrient-rich composts were obtained when chicken feather waste was cocomposted with low C/N ratios. Higher proportion of chicken feather waste or lower initial C/N ratio of composting substrate increased total N, extractable NH₄⁺, and SO₄^2- concentrations in compost product. Cocomposting of chicken feather waste with rice husk and vegetable residue enhanced compost maturity and germination index. The findings contribute a scientific basis for promoting the utilization of chicken feather waste to produce N-rich fertilizer.</p>","PeriodicalId":520693,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)","volume":" ","pages":"169-181"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145498039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From waste to resources: Recycling MSW incineration ashes in China's construction sector.","authors":"Meixi Chen, Jiongchen Ba, Zijian Chen, Jiaqi Li, Bingliang Qu, Debin Li, Junxiao Wei, Linfeng Li","doi":"10.1080/10962247.2025.2558951","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10962247.2025.2558951","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The rapid urbanization and industrialization in China have significantly increased municipal solid waste (MSW) generation, with incineration emerging as the dominant treatment method. However, this process produces substantial quantities of MSW incineration fly ash (MSWI-FA) and bottom ash (BA), posing environmental risks due to heavy metals, dioxins, and soluble salts. This review consolidates recent advancements in recycling these byproducts into construction materials, addressing technical feasibility, environmental impacts, and policy challenges. A systematic literature analysis (2000-2024) was conducted using Web of Science and China National Knowledge Infrastructure, supplemented by bibliometric analysis via CiteSpace. MSWI-FA is classified as hazardous waste, requiring stabilization via chemical agents (e.g. Na₂HPO₄/Na₂S) or thermal treatments (e.g. vitrification at 1000-1500°C) to immobilize contaminants. In contrast, BA, which is generally classified as non-hazardous, is evaluated as a direct replacement for both fine and coarse natural aggregates in construction, with its geotechnical properties making it suitable for applications in concrete (≤50% substitution), road bases, and as a raw material in ceramics (20-50% substitution). Key applications include cement kiln co-processing, microcrystalline glass production, and geopolymer-stabilized road bases. Despite progress, challenges persist: compositional variability, high pretreatment costs (1,500-3,500 CNY/ton for vitrification), and insufficient long-term leaching data ( > 10 years). Policy gaps, such as outdated leaching standards (GB 5085.3-2007) and limited economic incentives, further hinder scalability. The review underscores the dual benefits of reducing landfill reliance and conserving natural resources, aligning with China's circular economy goals. Future efforts should prioritize hybrid stabilization technologies, lifecycle assessments, and standardized protocols to enhance industrial adoption. By addressing these barriers, MSWI-FA and BA can transition from environmental liabilities to sustainable construction resources, supporting China's waste management and decarbonization targets.<i>Implications</i>: Municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash (FA) and bottom ash (BA) are environmental liabilities with resource potential in construction. Hazardous FA requires rigorous stabilization to immobilize heavy metals and dioxins, while non-hazardous BA is a viable substitute for natural aggregates. Widespread adoption is hindered by compositional variability, high pre-treatment costs (1,500-3,500 CNY/ton for FA vitrification), insufficient long-term leaching data, and outdated standards (GB 5085.3-2007). Developing hybrid stabilization technologies and lifecycle-based policies is crucial to transform these ashes into sustainable construction materials, aligning with circular economy and decarbonization goals.</p>","PeriodicalId":520693,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)","volume":" ","pages":"149-168"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146109629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phthalate contamination in agricultural and non-agricultural soils around landfills in Guilan Province, Iran.","authors":"Somayeh Nemati Gaskaminjan, Fatemeh Shariati, Mohsen Mohammadi Galangash, Leila Ooshaksaraie","doi":"10.1080/10962247.2025.2591898","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10962247.2025.2591898","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There are growing concerns about the negative effects of soil pollution caused by improper waste disposal and leachate generation. The favorable climate and rich soils have made Gilan province one of the main agricultural centers of Iran. Phthalates (PAEs) are among the common lubricants that may pose a widespread risk to the environment due to their difficulty in degradation. This study investigated the environmental impacts of PAEs at 26 locations in 5 cities in the west and center of Gilan province. For this purpose, 4 to 7 mixed soil samples were collected from agricultural and non-agricultural lands, located 100 to 700 meters from each landfill. Soil physicochemical parameters and PAEs concentrations were measured. The concentrations of PAEs were measured using a standard extraction method (EPA Method 8061 A) by a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) instrument. The results showed that the concentrations of PAEs in agricultural and non-agricultural soils were significantly different (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The highest concentration was BEHP with 59.6% (14.37 ppb in agricultural soils and 50.61 ppb in non-agricultural soils). Other PAEs identified included DOP (26.99%), DMP (11.48%), IBP (1.69%), DEP (0.09%), BBP (0.14%) and DBP (0.1%). The risk assessment results show that the levels of PAEs, especially BEHP and DNOP, are significantly higher than the MRL, TDI, and RfD standards. This study emphasizes the need for proper waste management and continuous monitoring of soil quality to prevent the negative effects of these pollutants on the environment.<i>Implications</i>: This study addresses soil pollution caused by imroper waste and leachate disposal in Gilan province, a key agricultural region in Iran. By analyzing the concentrations of phthalates (PAEs) in soils, we provide important information about the extent of pollution in agricultural and non-agricultural lands. Our findings indicate significant differences in the distribution of PAEs, especially higher concentrations in non-agricultural soils, and key PAE compounds. These results are essential for environmental managers and policymakers to develop effective strategies for soil protection and pollution reduction in Gilan and similar regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":520693,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)","volume":" ","pages":"182-198"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145566976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of cabin air filters used in waste collection trucks.","authors":"Loïc Wingert, Noémie Gervais, Maximilien Debia, Geneviève Marchand","doi":"10.1080/10962247.2025.2596024","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10962247.2025.2596024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Exposures to traffic-related emissions are known to be responsible for diseases and increased mortality. Waste collection truck (WCT) drivers spend most of their time in microenvironments contaminated by these emissions and are also exposed to some pathogenic bioaerosols. To prevent WCT driver exposure, the cabin air filter (CAF) appears as a useful piece of equipment. No standard prescribing CAF efficiency levels for general or professional use was developed. Existing test procedures overlook particles smaller than 300 nm, such as diesel soot or certain bioaerosols, and no previous study has specifically addressed WCT cabin air filters or their clogging under real waste collection conditions. The aim of this work was to evaluate for a range of particle sizes including ultrafine particles (UFPs), the collection efficiency and pressure drop of the CAF media used in WCTs and to study their evolution after clogging under real waste collection conditions. All the tested CAF models exhibited the typical <i>U</i>-shape curve of fractional collection efficiency with low to medium minimum collection efficiency ranging between 1.3% and 42.5%, depending on the filtration velocity. Statistical analysis indicated that CAF media are relatively homogenous across their filtration area and that variations in efficiency and pressure drop were mainly due to differences in clogging levels or initial state conditions. Compared to data available for private vehicles, CAF clogging appears to be more severe under waste collection conditions. Given the diversity of particulate contaminants, the low to moderate performances of current CAFs, and the exposure of WCT drivers, this study highlights the need for improved and more-reliable protection. It is therefore essential to develop specific regulations or standards for CAFs, including systematic measurements of fractional collection efficiency over a broad particle size range, from UFPs to micron-sized particles. The issue of preventive CAF replacement should also be addressed.<i>Implications</i>: Waste collection truck (WCT) drivers are exposed to traffic-related emissions and bioaerosols. No previous study has evaluated cabin air filter (CAF) performance in WCTs across particle sizes or their clogging under real conditions. This research shows CAFs have low to medium minimum collection efficiencies and clog faster in waste collection environments than in private vehicles. Given the health risks of ultrafine and micron-sized particles, improved protection is needed. Regulations should require systematic efficiency testing over a wide particle size range and define preventive replacement guidelines to maintain air quality and prevent particle or microbial release. All professional drivers could benefit.</p>","PeriodicalId":520693,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)","volume":" ","pages":"199-212"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145673299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring stakeholder views on total construction and demolition waste management toward sustainability: A case from Vietnam.","authors":"Nhat Minh Tran, Phuong Trinh Bui, Long Le-Hoai","doi":"10.1080/10962247.2025.2575987","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10962247.2025.2575987","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Construction and demolition waste negatively impacts the sustainable development of the construction industry. Furthermore, construction and demolition waste management (CDWM) still faces barriers in Vietnam, including lack of awareness and collaboration among stakeholders. This study aims to explore stakeholder views on sustainable CDWM in Vietnam based on a perspective of total quality management. A survey questionnaire focusing on stakeholders in the Vietnamese construction industry was developed. The stakeholders included: (1) direct stakeholders (owners, contractors, subcontractors, designers, consultants, suppliers, and waste management firms), (2) authorities, (3) institutes, educators, and non-governmental organizations (NGOs), (4) end-users, and (5) society. The data from 126 valid responses were analyzed through multiple techniques including analysis of variance (ANOVA), Spearman's rank, Cronbach's alpha, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The results revealed that stakeholders underestimated CDWM activities. The group of institutes, educators, and NGOs exhibited a more positive attitude, while the society group expressed a more negative attitude on CDWM issues. However, all stakeholders agreed that sustainable CDWM activities are essential for the Vietnamese construction industry. This study proposes and validates a sustainable CDWM framework, adapted from total quality management perspective to enhance stakeholder awareness and collaboration. This framework contributes to promoting comprehensive CDWM systems, offering a new approach to achieve sustainable development within the built environment.<i>Implications</i>: Theoretically, this study highlights the current context of construction and demolition waste management (CDWM) in Vietnam and the potential of integrating total quality management principles into CDWM to drive sustainability in the construction industry. Practically, the proposed framework provides a structured approach for authorities to enhance performance, strengthen stakeholder collaboration, and promote sustainable CDWM practices. This study is expected to attract the attention of scholars, policymakers, and practitioners interested in advancing waste management systems and sustainable construction management.</p>","PeriodicalId":520693,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)","volume":" ","pages":"108-123"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145305130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Guidelines for IAQ monitoring with low-cost air sensors in homes with asthmatic patients.","authors":"Isaac Ntiamoah, Laura H Ikuma, Ifeoluwa Ruth Solaru, Isabelina Nahmens, Roberto Champney","doi":"10.1080/10962247.2025.2576666","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10962247.2025.2576666","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Indoor air quality (IAQ) is a crucial determinant of health, which is of particular concern for low-income Black children, who are disproportionately exposed to asthma triggers in their indoor housing environment and have higher rates of asthma and poorer outcomes from the disease, indicating an environmental justice issue. However, guidelines for IAQ data collection vary between organizations, making assessments and comparisons difficult. This study consolidates recommended practices into one cohesive set of guidelines for monitoring IAQ. It outlines a structured approach for defining IAQ sampling objectives, identifying the most appropriate low-cost air sensors, determining optimal sensor placement in homes, developing data collection and analysis, and presenting and interpreting results. With indoor PM_2.5 as a case study, the guidelines were used to determine sampling duration, analysis, and quality assurance in five households with pediatric asthma patients. The metrics illustrate PM_2.5 concentration by the 90th percentile (with average concentration level from 4 to 109 μg/m³), daily average minutes of PM_2.5 concentration exceeding recommended exposure limits of 0-134 min, daily average PM_2.5 concentration of 1.8-82 μg/m³, and significant temporal variation across households. This study highlights the significance of employing low-cost air sensors to provide real-time notifications of IAQ, along with simplified monitoring guidelines for researchers, healthcare providers, and parents working to improve IAQ for households with asthmatic children, potentially reducing the frequency and severity of asthma attacks. The low-cost sensors and resulting metrics can direct interventions effectively and provide a basis for determining the efficacy of environment-based air quality interventions.<i>Implications</i>: People spend much of their time indoors, especially at home, making indoor air quality (IAQ) monitoring crucial for guiding actions that reduce asthma exacerbations, particularly among low-income households. Although low-cost air sensors are being widely used for real-time IAQ monitoring, most existing guidelines focus on occupational settings rather than residential environments, making implementation difficult. This study develops comprehensive and unified guidelines for deploying low-cost sensors for real-time IAQ monitoring in residential settings. A case study utilizing the developed guideline in this study was applied to demonstrate and evaluate PM_2.5 concentration levels in some low-income residential homes in Southeastern Louisiana.</p>","PeriodicalId":520693,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)","volume":" ","pages":"81-90"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145314464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics and health risk assessment of PM_2.5-PAHs in a select Chinese ceramic industrial site during winter.","authors":"Xiaozhen Fang, Xiang Tu, Chenglong Yu, Qiulin Xiong, Jiao Wang, Dan He, Danping Li, Meijuan Lu, Hong Huang, Changwei Zou","doi":"10.1080/10962247.2025.2575990","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10962247.2025.2575990","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>During the winter of 2020-2021, PM_2.5-PAH samples were collected and analyzed at the Jiangxi Architectural Ceramics Industry Park to evaluate the implementation of comprehensive air pollution control measures and determine their effect on the health risk of the local exposed population. The study results showed that the pollution level of PM_2.5-PAHs was 5.54 ± 2.45 ng m³, which was primarily composed of benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[e]pyrene, fluoranthene, chrysene, and pyrene. Using diagnostic ratios and principal component analysis, qualitative or semi-quantitative analysis found that the PM_2.5-PAHs were mainly derived from gasoline and diesel vehicle exhaust emissions, road dust, and vehicle non-exhaust emissions. Moreover, employing Pearson correlation analysis, it was found that the PM_2.5-PAHs were greatly affected by a combination of wind direction, wind speed, and gaseous pollutants. The inhalation exposure health risks of PM_2.5-PAHs were evaluated using the BaP equivalent concentration, excess cancer risk, incremental lifetime carcinogenic risk, and loss of life expectancy. It was found that the health risks of PM_2.5-PAHs were mainly influenced by high molecular weight PAHs. For various genders and heterogeneous groups, this study showed that the carcinogenic risk of PM_2.5-PAHs for men was higher than for women, and it was higher for adults than for adolescents and children, but the risks to all groups were at acceptable levels. The above results show that PM_2.5-PAHs emissions in the ceramic industry were very low and would not affect human health. These were probably due to the fact that the industrial park had completed its ultra-low emission transformation at the time of sampling, and the fuel used in the industrial furnace had been changed from coal to water gas supplemented with natural gas.<i>Implications</i>: Industrial emissions are one of the main sources of toxic and hazardous substances, PM_2.5-PAHs. However, insufficient research on health risks of PM_2.5-PAHs associated of ceramic industries, especially after the implementation of tighter government controls and the upgrading of and transformation to cleaner production processes. Hence, PM_2.5-PAHs samples were collected at the Jiangxi Ceramic Industrial Park. We analyzed the causes of PM_2.5-PAHs to evaluate the implementation of comprehensive air pollution control measures, and determine their effect on the health risk of the local exposed population by using the <i>BaP_eq</i>, excess cancer risk, incremental lifetime carcinogenic risk, and loss of life expectancy.</p>","PeriodicalId":520693,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)","volume":" ","pages":"124-136"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145515386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Airborne metals and particulate matter measured inside and outside farmworker homes with evaporative coolers and air filtration interventions.","authors":"Kelly Chen, Nikki Catangay, Zhong-Min Wang, Mingyu Wang, Aditya Singh, Mohammad Heidarinejad, Brent Stephens, Isabella Kaser, Ruben Rodriguez, Nayamin Martinez, Gina Solomon, Jeff Wagner","doi":"10.1080/10962247.2025.2572811","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10962247.2025.2572811","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Evaporative (\"swamp\") coolers (ECs) are used for cooling of homes in hot and arid climates. Because ECs draw in large volumes of outdoor air, they can introduce substantial amounts of ambient airborne particulate matter (PM) and other pollutants indoors, which is especially exacerbated during wildfire smoke events. We measured airborne metals and PM inside and outside farmworkers' homes with ECs in the California San Joaquin Valley, U.S.A. Sampling was conducted as part of a larger study (FRESSCA, Filtration for Respiratory Exposure to wildfire Smoke from Swamp Cooler Air) to develop and evaluate an affordable EC filtration solution. All homes received portable air cleaners (PACs), and approximately half the homes received filters on their EC air intakes. Indoor and outdoor airborne metals were actively measured using 24-hr air sampling. Airborne metals were dominated by Fe, with some detections of Cu, Mn, Zn, and Se. Indoor/outdoor (I/O) ratios for Fe were mostly <1 and were lower for homes with EC filters. Metals analyses of the EC filters themselves revealed additional metals, likely due to the longer sampling time. These metals were partially removed from the air entering participants' homes by EC filters. Passive PM samplers were deployed for 70 days and analyzed using electron microscopy. PM samples revealed crustal, carbonaceous, and agriculture-related particle types, including Cu-rich fungicides. PM levels were lower indoors compared to outdoors in all homes (30%-70%). Some evidence of greater PM reductions in homes with EC filters was observed, with 25% reductions in coarse PM_10-2.5 in homes with EC filters that used their ECs more frequently (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Few smoke events during the study limited our ability to detect differences in PM from wildfires. However, the measured reductions in coarse PM are important for communities heavily impacted by dust, both for home cleanliness and for protection from upper-airway health impacts.<i>Implications</i>: Do-it-yourself evaporative cooler filters are a promising and affordable method of reducing dust infiltration in homes burdened by heat stress and poor outdoor air quality. Further evaluation during wildfire smoke events and optimization of evaporative cooler filter interventions could eventually reduce respiratory-related health impacts in communities affected by a changing climate.</p>","PeriodicalId":520693,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)","volume":" ","pages":"91-107"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145305077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}