JNMA; journal of the Nepal Medical Association最新文献_第2页

Clinical Profile of Ectopic Pregnancy in a Tertiary Care Center: A Five-Year Retrospective Study. 三级保健中心异位妊娠的临床概况：一项五年回顾性研究。

JNMA; journal of the Nepal Medical Association Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-31 DOI: 10.31729/jnma.v64i293.9296

Deepa Chudal, Agya Shrestha, Rojina Manandhar, Santosh Thakur, Deepak Kharel, Usha Shrestha, Binita Basnet

{"title":"Clinical Profile of Ectopic Pregnancy in a Tertiary Care Center: A Five-Year Retrospective Study.","authors":"Deepa Chudal, Agya Shrestha, Rojina Manandhar, Santosh Thakur, Deepak Kharel, Usha Shrestha, Binita Basnet","doi":"10.31729/jnma.v64i293.9296","DOIUrl":"10.31729/jnma.v64i293.9296","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Ectopic pregnancy is a major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality in the first trimester. Delayed diagnosis often results in rupture, leading to life-threatening complications and adverse fertility outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence, risk factors, clinical presentation, and management of ectopic pregnancy in a tertiary care center in Nepal.Methods: A five-year retrospective observational study was conducted at Nepal Police Hospital, Kathmandu from March 1, 2020, to February 28, 2025. All confirmed cases of ectopic pregnancy were included. Data on socio-demographics, risk factors, clinical features, operative findings, and management were collected from hospital records. Descriptive statistics were applied.Results: Among 1,760 live births, 42 (2.38%) cases of ectopic pregnancy were identified. The mean age of the patients was 29.69±5.41 years, with the majority of cases occurring in women aged 20-35 years. Abdominal pain was the most common presenting symptom, reported in 30 (71.42%) patients. A history of abortion was the leading risk factor, noted in 14 (33.3%) cases. Tubal rupture was observed in 37 (88.09%) patients, and the ampullary region was the most frequent site, involved in 38 (90.47%) cases. All patients underwent surgical management, with laparoscopic unilateral salpingectomy being the most commonly performed procedure in 36 (85.71%) cases.Conclusions: The most common presenting symptom was abdominal pain in patients in the age group of 31-35 years. Most patient presented with ruptured ectopics.","PeriodicalId":520657,"journal":{"name":"JNMA; journal of the Nepal Medical Association","volume":"64 293","pages":"9-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12925827/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147358596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Beyond the Textbook: A Reflective Journey Through Humanity and Community Based Medical Learning. 超越教科书：通过人类和社区为基础的医学学习反思之旅。

JNMA; journal of the Nepal Medical Association Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-31 DOI: 10.31729/jnma.v64i293.9294

Shubham Shrestha, Aaditya Rimal

引用次数: 0

Complications of Central Venous Line Insertion: A Case Series. 中心静脉线插入的并发症：一个病例系列。

JNMA; journal of the Nepal Medical Association Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-31 DOI: 10.31729/jnma.v64i293.9282

Saurav Shrestha, Rehan Pradhan, Nikol Guragain

{"title":"Complications of Central Venous Line Insertion: A Case Series.","authors":"Saurav Shrestha, Rehan Pradhan, Nikol Guragain","doi":"10.31729/jnma.v64i293.9282","DOIUrl":"10.31729/jnma.v64i293.9282","url":null,"abstract":"Central venous catheter (CVC) insertion is a commonly performed procedure in critically ill patients. While generally safe, it carries risks of potentially serious complications, particularly when performed without ultrasound guidance or in emergent settings. We report a series of four patients who developed uncommon but significant complications following CVC placement. The first case describes the right internal mammary artery aneurysm after malplacement of CVC line. The second case outlines the formation of sternocleidomastoid hematoma after internal jugular vein access. The third case involved a guidewire retained in the inferior venacava for over one year, discovered incidentally on imaging and removed surgically. The fourth case developed a subclavian artery pseudoaneurysm post-CVC insertion, confirmed on CT angiography and surgically managed. These cases highlights the importance of strict procedural protocols, operator awareness, use of real-time imaging, and post-insertion confirmation imaging to minimize CVC-related complications. Early identification and appropriate management can significantly reduce morbidity.","PeriodicalId":520657,"journal":{"name":"JNMA; journal of the Nepal Medical Association","volume":"64 293","pages":"57-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12925836/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147358575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Metastatic Tumors from Unknown Primary in Cervical Lymph Nodes: A Decade of Study in a Tertiary Care Center of a Resource-Limited Country. 来源不明的颈部淋巴结转移瘤：一个资源有限国家三级医疗中心的十年研究。

JNMA; journal of the Nepal Medical Association Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-31 DOI: 10.31729/jnma.v64i293.9292

Shankar Kafle

{"title":"Metastatic Tumors from Unknown Primary in Cervical Lymph Nodes: A Decade of Study in a Tertiary Care Center of a Resource-Limited Country.","authors":"Shankar Kafle","doi":"10.31729/jnma.v64i293.9292","DOIUrl":"10.31729/jnma.v64i293.9292","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Cervical lymphadenopathy may be the first clinical manifestation of an occult primary tumor, and it is a crucial area of investigation due to its significance in cancer diagnosis and prognosis. This study aimed to establish the spectrum of malignancies metastasizing to cervical lymph nodes of unknown primary origin and to analyze their distribution by age, sex, and nodal site.Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted over a decade (2015 - 2024 AD) in Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital (TUTH). All the cases of metastatic tumors in cervical lymph nodes with unknown primary origin were included.Results: A total of 174 cases were studied. Age of patient ranges from 5 years to 90 years, with a mean age of 58±17.3 years. There were 12 (6.89%) lung cancer and 9 (5.17%) thyroid cancer as primary site. On histological examination, there were 44 (25.28%) adenocarcinoma and 25 (14.36%) squamous cell carcinoma.Conclusions: Lung cancer was more common followed by thyroid and adenocarcinoma was the most common histological findings. The supraclavicular lymph node was most often involved in this study.","PeriodicalId":520657,"journal":{"name":"JNMA; journal of the Nepal Medical Association","volume":"64 293","pages":"25-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12925841/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147358589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pelvic Floor Dysfunction in Postpartum Nepalese Women: An Observational Study. 尼泊尔产后妇女盆底功能障碍：一项观察性研究。

JNMA; journal of the Nepal Medical Association Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-31 DOI: 10.31729/jnma.v64i293.9297

Manisha Yadav, Sandesh Poudel, Shree Prasad Adhikari

{"title":"Pelvic Floor Dysfunction in Postpartum Nepalese Women: An Observational Study.","authors":"Manisha Yadav, Sandesh Poudel, Shree Prasad Adhikari","doi":"10.31729/jnma.v64i293.9297","DOIUrl":"10.31729/jnma.v64i293.9297","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Pelvic Floor Dysfunctions (PFD) have been strongly associated with vaginal birth and can significantly affect women's quality of life. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of PFDs during the postpartum period and its impact on women's daily activities.Methods: A hospital-based retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted among 747 primiparous women at 9-12 months postpartum, who had delivered term live baby from July to September 2021. The different components of PFD were evaluated using a Nepali translated version of PFDI-20 and the impact on sexual function by BFLUTS questionnaire. The primary outcome was women's self-reported occurrence of urinary, prolapse, defecatory and sexual problems. The impact on women's daily activities was secondary outcomes. Data were analyzed by Spearman's Rho correlation coefficient.Results: Among 747 primiparous women, 194 (25.97%) had pelvic floor dysfunction. The mean age was 23.01±3.6 years, with 94 (48.45%) of PFD cases aged 20-24 years. Stress urinary incontinence was reported by 103 (53.09%), pelvic heaviness by 48 (24.74%), straining during defecation by 23 (11.86%), and dyspareunia by 54 (27.84%). Most women 137 (70.61%) reported no impact on daily life, and 18 (2.40%) were aware of pelvic floor muscle training.Conclusions: Pelvic floor dysfunction affected a notable proportion of primiparous women, with urinary, prolapse-related, colorectal, and sexual symptoms. Most affected women were young, and labour characteristics such as spontaneous onset, vaginal delivery, and shorter second stage were common.","PeriodicalId":520657,"journal":{"name":"JNMA; journal of the Nepal Medical Association","volume":"64 293","pages":"20-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12925829/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147358654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Road Traffic Injuries, Trends, and Patterns: A Five-Year Retrospective Analysis Using Secondary Police Data in Nepal. 道路交通伤害，趋势和模式：使用尼泊尔二级警察数据的五年回顾性分析。

JNMA; journal of the Nepal Medical Association Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-31 DOI: 10.31729/jnma.v64i293.9290

Raymond B C, Jeena Khadka, Gaurav Devkota, Pusp Raj Bhatt, Puspa Basnet, Chetan Bhatta

{"title":"Road Traffic Injuries, Trends, and Patterns: A Five-Year Retrospective Analysis Using Secondary Police Data in Nepal.","authors":"Raymond B C, Jeena Khadka, Gaurav Devkota, Pusp Raj Bhatt, Puspa Basnet, Chetan Bhatta","doi":"10.31729/jnma.v64i293.9290","DOIUrl":"10.31729/jnma.v64i293.9290","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Road traffic accidents are a major public health concern in Nepal, causing significant morbidity and mortality. The study goal was to determine the trends of road traffic injuries in Nepal from Fiscal Years 2020/21 to 2024/25 (mid-July 2020 - mid-July 2025).Methods: A descriptive retrospective study was conducted to analyze de-identified and pooled road traffic accident records from Nepal, following receipt of ethical clearance from the Nepal Health Research Council (ERB no. 607_2025). Data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2019.Results: The findings show that road traffic accidents have shown an apparent spike from FY 2020/21 to 2024/25, with both vehicle collisions and accident incidences ascended significantly. Reported vehicle crashes rose from 33135 in FY 2020/21 to 43165 in FY 2024/25, while total RTAs increased from 20640 to 28692 over the same period. RTAs surged in six provinces of Nepal. Two-wheelers, four-wheelers, and public transport vehicles accounted for the majority of incidents. Speeding 46398 (44.08%), mechanical failure 1173 (39.14%), potholes 685 (21.69%), pedestrian road crossings 5523 (79.55%), and unfavourable weather conditions like fog and mist 122 (26.23%) were major contributing factors. Although injuries increased significantly, fatality rates did not rise in same proportion.Conclusions: The results show that road traffic accidents are becoming more common in Nepal, especially involving motorbikes, four-wheelers, and public vehicles. Reducing accident rates and their effects may require increased road safety enforcement, better infrastructure, and awareness-raising initiatives.","PeriodicalId":520657,"journal":{"name":"JNMA; journal of the Nepal Medical Association","volume":"64 293","pages":"3-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12925839/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147358693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Parental Pressure, Family Support and Household Workload Among High School Students in Rural Parts of Nepal: An Observational Study. 尼泊尔农村高中生的父母压力、家庭支持与家庭工作量：一项观察性研究。

JNMA; journal of the Nepal Medical Association Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-31 DOI: 10.31729/jnma.v63i292.9245

Bipsana Shrestha, Minani Gurung

{"title":"Parental Pressure, Family Support and Household Workload Among High School Students in Rural Parts of Nepal: An Observational Study.","authors":"Bipsana Shrestha, Minani Gurung","doi":"10.31729/jnma.v63i292.9245","DOIUrl":"10.31729/jnma.v63i292.9245","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: When parents have higher academic-related demands from their children and when children have higher household workload, academic stress occurs. Consequently, student cannot concentrate on their studies and hamper their academic performance. Nonetheless, family support can be a vital contributor to academic success of a child. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the level of parental pressure, family support and household workload in high school students in rural part of Nepal.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Thabang village of Rolpa district among 521 students of class 11 and 12 using a self-structured questionnaire based on literature reviews. The questionnaire for parental pressure had 10 items, for household workload had 6 items and for family support had 7 items. The data collection period was from June to August 2019. Ethical approval was taken from Nepal health research council (reference no. 233/2019). Descriptive statistics were reported to find out the frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation.Results: Findings of this study showed that there was low parental pressure among 242 (46.45%) students, low family support among 240 (46.07%) students, and high household workload among 135 (25.91%) students.Conclusions: The participants had low parental pressure in academic areas as well as low family support but they had high workload of household chores. High household workload and low family support may lead to academic stress in students which can hamper academic performances of the students.","PeriodicalId":520657,"journal":{"name":"JNMA; journal of the Nepal Medical Association","volume":"63 292","pages":"876-879"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12906741/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147358682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Escalating Use of Antimicrobial Agents in Tertiary Hospitals: A Balancing Act in Preventing Hospital-Acquired infections. 三级医院抗菌药物使用的升级：预防医院获得性感染的平衡行为。

JNMA; journal of the Nepal Medical Association Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-31 DOI: 10.31729/jnma.v63i292.9252

Lakshya Nehal Samineni

引用次数: 0

Anthropometric Study of the Human Ear Among Patients Visiting People's Dental College and Hospital: An Observational Study. 在人民牙科学院和医院就诊的患者的人耳人体测量学研究：一项观察性研究。

JNMA; journal of the Nepal Medical Association Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-31 DOI: 10.31729/jnma.v63i292.9249

Mangesh Bajracharya, Shyam Kaji Maharjan, Dristi Shrestha, Chetana Pathak

{"title":"Anthropometric Study of the Human Ear Among Patients Visiting People's Dental College and Hospital: An Observational Study.","authors":"Mangesh Bajracharya, Shyam Kaji Maharjan, Dristi Shrestha, Chetana Pathak","doi":"10.31729/jnma.v63i292.9249","DOIUrl":"10.31729/jnma.v63i292.9249","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Anthropometric measurements of the external ear provide valuable normative data for applications in clinical practice, reconstructive surgery, forensics, and ergonomics. As ear morphology varies by population, sex, and age, population-specific reference data are essential. This study aimed to determine the normal dimensions of the outer ear among adult patients.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from 8th to 28th September 2025 among 157 adult patients (82 males and 75 females) visiting the hospital with normal external ears. Standardized auricular measurements, including auricular height, auricular width, lobular height, and lobular width, were obtained bilaterally using a digital vernier caliper following established anthropometric landmarks. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics to calculate the mean and standard deviation.Results: The mean right and left auricular heights were 63.38 ± 6.19 mm and 63.13 ± 6.49 mm, respectively, while auricular widths were 33.81 ± 6.26 mm (right) and 33.82 ± 6.23 mm (left). Minimal bilateral asymmetry was observed. Males exhibited greater auricular height and width, whereas females showed marginally larger lobular dimensions. Lobular height demonstrated greater variability than width across both sexes.Conclusion: The study revealed strong bilateral symmetry in external ear measurements, with clear sexual dimorphism-males having larger auricular dimensions and females slightly larger lobules. This finding provide baseline data for Nepalese adults and hold relevance in forensic identification, prosthetic design, and reconstructive surgery. Further large-scale, multiethnic studies are recommended to validate and expand upon these findings.","PeriodicalId":520657,"journal":{"name":"JNMA; journal of the Nepal Medical Association","volume":"63 292","pages":"894-897"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12906748/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147358623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mismatch Between Imaging and Histopathology Diagnosis in High and Low-Grade Gliomas: A Case Report. 高、低级别胶质瘤影像学与病理诊断不一致1例报告。

JNMA; journal of the Nepal Medical Association Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-31 DOI: 10.31729/jnma.v63i292.9261

Pukar Adhikari, Jabir Ahamad Miya, Shishir Bhandari, Ganesh Adhikari, Ajit Shrestha, Nikesh Tiwari

引用次数: 0