{"title":"Shoulder Strain Caused by Mammary Prostheses - an Experimental Comparison of Different Forms of Epicutaneous Prostheses.","authors":"Andreas Hackethal, Karsten Münstedt","doi":"10.1159/000210541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000210541","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>SUMMARY: BACKGROUND: In the case of breast cancer, removal of the breast can not always be avoided. The use of external prostheses, however, can lead to discomfort for the patients through shoulder pain and muscle hardening. It can be assumed that this is caused by strain on the shoulder due to the weight of the prosthesis. This study was to identify the possibilities to objectively assess patients' complaints associated with this type of supportive treatment. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: In this pilot study, varying types and sizes of prostheses were tested on male subjects, quasi as if they were women amputated on both sides. The strain caused by the prostheses and distributed via the straps of the brassiere were measured by electronic pressure sensors and statistically evaluated. RESULTS: Weight-reduced prostheses significantly decreased the resulting average pressure amplitude (p < 0.01) compared to normal weight prostheses. Furthermore, heavy contact prostheses, which are attached to the chest wall, have a significant advantage (p < 0.01) compared to normal prostheses of the same size. Moreover, evidence was found that contact prostheses have advantages with respect to pressure on the shoulder during physical exercise, e.g. running. CONCLUSION: Currently, weight-reduced contact prostheses present optimal treatment after breast amputation.</p>","PeriodicalId":520575,"journal":{"name":"Breast care (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":"107-108"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000210541","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40074568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aline Schmitt Polidoro, Rozany Mucha Dufloth, Daniella S Couto Vieira, Luiz Carlos Zeferino, Fernando Schmitt
{"title":"Possible Relationship between Basal-Like Breast Carcinoma and Age.","authors":"Aline Schmitt Polidoro, Rozany Mucha Dufloth, Daniella S Couto Vieira, Luiz Carlos Zeferino, Fernando Schmitt","doi":"10.1159/000220595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000220595","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>SUMMARY: INTRODUCTION: Estrogen receptor expression is lower in breast carcinoma of women ≤45 years compared to women ≥65 years of age, which may imply a higher frequency of basal-like breast carcinomas in younger women. This study evaluated whether there is any difference in the frequency of basal-like phenotype and estrogen receptor (ER)-/HER2- invasive breast carcinomas between women of these 2 different age groups. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 151 women aged ≤45 years or ≥65 years with invasive breast carcinomas were evaluated using tissue microarray, and classified into the following phenotypes: luminal A (ER+/HER2-), luminal B (ER+/HER2+), HER2 overexpression (ER-/HER2+), and basal-like (ER-/HER2- and expressing at least 1 of the basal markers p63, CK5 and/or P-cadherin). RESULTS: ER-/HER2- carcinomas were twice as frequent in women aged ≤45 years (p = 0.0247). However, when the basal-like phenotype was compared with all the other phenotypes grouped together, no statistically significant difference was found (p = 0.0854). CONCLUSIONS: ER-/HER2- carcinomas were more frequent in younger women compared to all the other phenotypes grouped together. An international consensus will be necessary to establish which markers should be used to define basal-like phenotype.</p>","PeriodicalId":520575,"journal":{"name":"Breast care (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":"183-187"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000220595","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40074641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Is Higher Efficacy Always at the Price of More Side Effects during Chemotherapy?","authors":"Brigitte Mlineritsch","doi":"10.1159/000222333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000222333","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Breast cancer remains the most prevalent cancer diagnosed in women worldwide. The number of effective treatments for breast cancer is on the rise, however, the benefit from specific treatments to individual patients and the adverse events experienced vary considerably. Efficacy and safety of anticancer therapies may depend on tumor, treatment, and host characteristics. Advances in the adjuvant chemotherapy of operable breast cancer have come from the introduction of effective agents and the application of the principles of combination chemotherapy. Attempts to advance these principles by substantial escalation of drug dosage have proven unsuccessful with a potentially higher rate of side effects. Another concept to increase efficacy is dose density, the administration of drugs with shortened intertreatment interval, and sequential therapy. The dose-dense concept improved clinical outcome significantly and was not accompanied by an increase in toxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":520575,"journal":{"name":"Breast care (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":"162-165"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000222333","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40075854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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