African journal of AIDS research : AJAR最新文献

{"title":"Lessons learnt from UNAIDS virtual technical support to countries applying for funding from the Global Fund COVID-19 Response Mechanism.","authors":"Arlette Campbell White,&nbsp;Marc Péchevis,&nbsp;Adriana Jimenez Cuen","doi":"10.2989/16085906.2022.2090394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2989/16085906.2022.2090394","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In 2020 the Global Fund for AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria initiated a new funding modality, the COVID-19 Response Mechanism, to mitigate the pandemic's effects on HIV, TB and malaria programmes and health systems in implementer countries. In 2021 UNAIDS introduced an innovative technical virtual support mechanism for COVID-19 Response Mechanism proposal development to help countries quickly implement COVID-19 interventions while at the same time adapting HIV and related services to the pandemic's circumstances and mitigate its impact while maintaining hard-won gains. It also intended to ensure more attention was paid to communities, human rights and gender considerations in proposal development, resulting in successful proposals to mitigate COVID-19's impact, bring human rights-based and people-centred HIV programmes back on track and even expand their reach through using new delivery platforms. In 2021, applications from 18 sub-Saharan African and Asian countries received in-depth remote peer reviews. We discuss the reviews' key findings and recommendations to improve proposal quality and identify future opportunities for virtual technical support. The model was successful and contributed to better quality funding applications, but also highlighted challenges in pandemic mitigation, adaptations and innovations of HIV programmes. Countries still fell short on comprehensive community, human rights and gender interventions, as well as innovations in HIV service delivery, especially in prevention and gender-based violence. Several other weaknesses meant that some countries would have to refine their programme design and implementation model in the final version of their funding application. There are implications for future assistance to countries trying to mitigate the impact of COVID-19 on their health programmes and innovative ways to deliver technical support using new technologies and local expertise.</p>","PeriodicalId":520548,"journal":{"name":"African journal of AIDS research : AJAR","volume":" ","pages":"100-109"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40553605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on people living with HIV in Zimbabwe.","authors":"Bernard Madzima,&nbsp;Tatenda Makoni,&nbsp;Owen Mugurungi,&nbsp;Godfrey Mudariki,&nbsp;Amon Mpofu,&nbsp;Freeman Dube,&nbsp;Lameck Munangaidzwa,&nbsp;Isaac Taramusi","doi":"10.2989/16085906.2022.2103004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2989/16085906.2022.2103004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The COVID-19 pandemic was reported from March 2020 in Zimbabwe. COVID-19 containment measures which included repeated lockdowns have disrupted community interactions, reduced working hours, restricted travel and restricted HIV services for people living with HIV (PLHIV), among others. The study adopted a cross-sectional design. Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected in all the 10 provinces and analysed. A sample size of 480 was calculated for the cross-sectional survey. Secondary data on HIV early warning indicators from 2018 to 2021 were extracted from 20 randomly selected health facilities and used for modelling. Mathematical modelling was conducted to assess the impact of COVID-19 on PLHIV. AIDS-related deaths increased from 20 100 in 2019 to 22 200 in 2020. In addition, there were significant years of life lost (yLLs) from premature mortality and years of life lost due to disability (yLDs) from COVID-19. Prevalence of COVID-19 among PLHIV was 4%. COVID-19 vaccination coverage was 64%, which is higher than the national average of 42%. Stress and breach of confidentiality as ARV medicines were given out in open spaces and fear of contracting COVID-19 were the perceived psychological issues. COVID-19 disrupted HIV service provision, increased AIDS-related deaths and caused psychological challenges.</p>","PeriodicalId":520548,"journal":{"name":"African journal of AIDS research : AJAR","volume":" ","pages":"194-200"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40553606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fighting COVID-19 and HIV through community mobilisation: lessons from an integrated approach to the Africa CDC Partnership to Accelerate COVID-19 Testing (PACT) initiative in seven countries.","authors":"Adriana Jimenez Cuen,&nbsp;Agnes Kante,&nbsp;Sihaka Tsemo,&nbsp;Benjamin Djoudalbaye","doi":"10.2989/16085906.2022.2103005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2989/16085906.2022.2103005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent literature has shown how the HIV architecture, including community systems, has been critical for fighting COVID-19 in many countries, while sustaining the HIV response. Innovative initiatives suggest that fostering the integration of health services would help address the colliding pandemics. However, there are few documented real-life examples of community mobilisation strategies responding to COVID-19 and HIV. The African Union and Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) launched the Partnership to Accelerate COVID-19 Testing (PACT) in June 2020 with the goal of training and deploying one million community health workers across the continent. UNAIDS partnered with Africa CDC to implement the PACT initiative in seven countries, i.e. Algeria, Côte d'Ivoire, Gabon, Ghana, Madagascar, Malawi and Namibia. The initiative engaged networks of people living with HIV and community-led organisations to support two of its pillars, test and trace, and the sensitisation to protective measures against COVID-19 for the most vulnerable populations. It later expanded to improve access to COVID-19 vaccines. Based on the assessment of country projects, this article explains how PACT activities implemented by communities contributed to mitigating COVID-19 and HIV among vulnerable and marginalised groups. This article contributes to a better understanding of the impact of a community-based approach in responding effectively to emerging health threats and provides lessons from integrated COVID-19 and HIV community-led responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":520548,"journal":{"name":"African journal of AIDS research : AJAR","volume":" ","pages":"132-142"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40553607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mediating antiretroviral treatment for HIV during COVID-19: lessons from implementation in Gomba District, Uganda.","authors":"Kenneth Mulondo,&nbsp;Warren Parker","doi":"10.2989/16085906.2022.2103006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2989/16085906.2022.2103006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Initial and subsequent waves of COVID-19 in Uganda disrupted the delivery of HIV care. In rural areas, village health teams and organisations on the ground had to develop strategies to ensure that people living with HIV could continue their treatment. It was necessary to take evolving circumstances into account, including dealing with movement restrictions, constrained access to food and stigma due to anonymity being lost as a result of a shift from health facility-based services to community-level support. Uganda has a long history of community-driven response to HIV, although health systems and response programming have become more centralised through government and donors to address political commitments to HIV treatment and other targets. The delivery system for antiretroviral therapy was vulnerable to the impacts of COVID-19 restrictions and related circumstances. To understand the continuum of challenges, and to inform ongoing and future support of treatment for people living with HIV, interviews were conducted with HIV organisation implementers, health workers, village health team members and people living with HIV. It was found that stigma was a central challenge, which led to nuanced adaptations for delivering antiretroviral treatment. There is a need to strengthen support to households of people living with HIV through improving community capacity to manage crises through improving household food gardens and savings, as well as capacity to organise and interact with support systems such as the village health teams. In communities, there is a need to evoke dialogue on stigma and to support community leadership on pressing issues that affect communities as a whole and their vulnerable groups. There are opportunities to reawaken the grassroots civic response systems that were evident in Uganda's early response to HIV yet were lacking in the COVID-19 context.</p>","PeriodicalId":520548,"journal":{"name":"African journal of AIDS research : AJAR","volume":" ","pages":"201-206"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40553609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HIV self-testing may overcome stigma and other barriers to HIV testing among higher-socioeconomic status men in Botswana: A qualitative study.","authors":"Laura M Bogart,&nbsp;Keonayang Kgotlaetsile,&nbsp;Nthabiseng Phaladze,&nbsp;Mosepele Mosepele","doi":"10.2989/16085906.2021.2000450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2989/16085906.2021.2000450","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In Botswana, HIV prevalence is 20.3% among those between 15 and 49 years old, and in sub-Saharan Africa, higher income has been associated with increased HIV risk. We qualitatively explored barriers to HIV testing and acceptability of HIV self-testing (HIVST) among higher socio-economic status (SES) men in Botswana. Twenty higher SES men (10 tested, 10 not tested recently) participated in semi-structured interviews and 10 men participated in asynchronous online focus groups (FGs) about HIV testing barriers and HIVST acceptability. Results indicated that stigma, inconvenience and perceived lack of confidentiality were barriers to HIV testing, as were masculinity-related concerns (e.g. fear of losing status if they accessed testing or were found to be HIV positive). Men said that HIVST reduced barriers to testing and that test kits could be placed in public spaces for pick-up and used in private. Overall, HIVST was seen as acceptable and feasible among higher SES men in Botswana.</p>","PeriodicalId":520548,"journal":{"name":"African journal of AIDS research : AJAR","volume":" ","pages":"297-306"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8717737/pdf/nihms-1764162.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39723924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Barriers, benefits, and behaviour: Voluntary medical male circumcision ideation in a population-based sample of Zambian men.","authors":"Joseph G Rosen,&nbsp;Maria A Carrasco,&nbsp;Ariana M Traub,&nbsp;E 'Kuor Kumoji","doi":"10.2989/16085906.2021.2006727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2989/16085906.2021.2006727","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Reaching ambitious voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) coverage targets requires a deeper understanding of the multifaceted processes shaping men's willingness to access VMMC. Guided by the Ideation Model for Health Communication, this population-based study identifies correlates of Zambian men's future VMMC intentions. Multistage cluster sampling was used to identify households with adult men in 14 districts. Multivariable Poisson regression with robust standard errors modelled associations of future VMMC intent with ideational factors (e.g. perceived benefits and barriers) and sexual behaviours respectively. Forty per cent (40%) of uncircumcised men (<i>N</i> = 1 204) expressed future VMMC intentions. In multivariable analysis, VMMC intent was associated with secondary education or higher (Adjusted Prevalence Ratio [APR] 1.30, 95% Confidence Interval [95% CI]: 1.02-1.66), perceiving VMMC to increase sexual satisfaction (APR 1.45, 95% CI: 1.11-1.89), reporting distance to services as a barrier to VMMC uptake (APR = 0.54, 95% CI: 1.27-1.87), unprotected last sex (APR 1.54, 95% CI: 1.11-2.14), and ≥ 2 sexual partners in the past 12 months (APR 1.45, 95% CI: 1.05-1.99). Being aged ≥ 45 years (vs 18-24 years: APR 0.23, 95% CI: 0.13-0.40) and perceiving that circumcision: (1) is unimportant (APR 0.71, 95% CI: 0.51-0.98); (2) is incompatible with local customs (APR 0.41, 95% CI: 0.18-0.94); or (3) reduces sexual satisfaction (APR 0.10, 95% CI: 0.02-0.62) were inversely associated with future VMMC intent. Demand-creation efforts must confront salient cognitive and social barriers to VMMC uptake, including concerns around incompatibility with local customs. Simultaneously, promotional efforts should emphasise relevant VMMC benefits beyond HIV prevention that resonate with men (e.g. penile hygiene) without reinforcing harmful gender norms.</p>","PeriodicalId":520548,"journal":{"name":"African journal of AIDS research : AJAR","volume":" ","pages":"314-323"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8994851/pdf/nihms-1791675.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39725325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measuring transactional sex in different contexts: How do tools to measure this practice perform in rural South Africa?","authors":"Nambusi Kyegombe,&nbsp;Kirsten Stoebenau,&nbsp;Natsayi Chimbindi,&nbsp;Thembelihle Zuma,&nbsp;Maryam Shahmanesh,&nbsp;Janet Seeley,&nbsp;Joyce Wamoyi","doi":"10.2989/16085906.2021.2012213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2989/16085906.2021.2012213","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background:</i> Adolescent girls and young women across sub-Saharan Africa are at disproportionate risk of HIV infection compared to their male counterparts. Transactional sex has been identified as an important proximate risk for infection in this population. Definitions and measures of transactional sex vary, necessitating improved measures to better estimate prevalence across settings, over time, and to understand the mechanisms through which transactional sex increases HIV risk. This article describes the results of cognitive interviews in rural KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa to evaluate the performance of an improved measure of transactional sex.<i>Methods:</i> Data were collected between May and June 2017 with sexually active adolescent girls and young women (<i>n</i> = 10) and men (<i>n</i> = 10) drawn from a general population sample. Two questions were tested. Audio-recorded interviews were conducted in isiZulu using a structured tool. Matrices were used to summarise the data across participants which were then compared using constant comparative techniques.<i>Results:</i> Participants captured the instrumental nature of transactional sex relationships clearly and understood that the questions were about relationships that were primarily motivated by benefit. However, despite prior qualitative research in this setting describing transactional sex as widely practised, only one male participant answered either question in the affirmative in this face-to-face interview. This implies a judgement placed on relationships that are deemed as having been motivated mainly by exchange, perhaps compelling people to under-report such relationships.<i>Conclusion:</i> Participants' unwillingness to answer in the affirmative highlights the importance of understanding the research context and the possible social and historical influences which may influence how survey questions are answered. This has implications for measurement development, and highlights the need for measures that can be responsive to contextual differences. Further research is needed for refinements to measurement approaches in this and other settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":520548,"journal":{"name":"African journal of AIDS research : AJAR","volume":" ","pages":"329-335"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39725327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A behavioural and HIV serological survey among detainees of Ankazondrano jail in Fianarantsoa, Madagascar.","authors":"Jocia Fenomanana,&nbsp;Fidiniaina Mamy Randriatsarafara,&nbsp;Fabien Florian Ranampy,&nbsp;Zely Arivelo Randriamanantany","doi":"10.2989/16085906.2021.2008459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2989/16085906.2021.2008459","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Aims:</i> The prevalence of HIV in the general population of Madagascar is 0.3%. Some population groups, especially detainees are vulnerable to this infection. Our study was the first combined HIV survey of the detainees of Ankazondrano jail in Fianarantsoa. The study aims to determine the serological status of the detainees related to HIV infection and their risky behaviours for this infection.<i>Methods:</i> A descriptive cross-sectional survey of the detainees 18 years old and over was carried out in Ankazondrano jail in Fianarantsoa during September 2020.<i>Results:</i> The prevalence of HIV in the sample was zero; 89.43% of the detainees reported to have heard about HIV; only 15.45% had a general knowledge about it; 76.42% of them knew that a condom is a way of protection against HIV infection; however, they had wrong responses about protection against this infection. In fact, 47.97% of the surveyed detainees thought that HIV is transmitted by mosquito bites and 65.04% thought that it is transmitted by shaking hands. Almost one quarter of the detainees reported that there is no risk of HIV contraction in jail.<i>Conclusion:</i> In this study, nevertheless, the prevalence of HIV is zero; detainees of Ankazondrano jail are a vulnerable group to HIV due to their lack of knowledge of this infection and the fact that they undertook risky behaviours.</p>","PeriodicalId":520548,"journal":{"name":"African journal of AIDS research : AJAR","volume":" ","pages":"324-328"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39725328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antiretroviral therapy adherence and viral suppression among HIV-infected adolescents and young adults at a tertiary hospital in Ghana.","authors":"Isaac Justice Kobina Biney,&nbsp;Kofi Adesi Kyei,&nbsp;Vincent Jessey Ganu,&nbsp;Ernest Kenu,&nbsp;Peter Puplampu,&nbsp;Steven Manortey,&nbsp;Margaret Lartey","doi":"10.2989/16085906.2021.1998783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2989/16085906.2021.1998783","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With the introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART), many HIV-infected children are growing into adolescence and adulthood. A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted at the Fevers Unit of one of the teaching hospitals in Ghana. The Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) and pill count were used to assess adherence, while measured viral load levels of participants were used to assess viral suppression. The rate of viral suppression (<400 copies/ml) was 68.2%. Participants with high MMAS-8 scores were 8.4 times more likely to be virally suppressed compared to those with low MMAS-8 scores (OR = 8.4, <i>p</i> = 0.003, 95% CI: 2.11-33.48). The commonest reason for missing doses of their antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) was forgetfulness. Efforts must be made by all stakeholders involved in HIV care to engage adolescents and young adults living with HIV (AYALHIV) on personal and/or group levels to help identify and improve particular ART adherence issues so as to increase viral suppression rates.</p>","PeriodicalId":520548,"journal":{"name":"African journal of AIDS research : AJAR","volume":" ","pages":"270-276"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39723925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low acceptance of intimate partner violence by pregnant women in Uganda predicts higher uptake of HIV self-testing among their male partners.","authors":"Caroline J Vrana-Diaz,&nbsp;Jeffrey E Korte,&nbsp;Mulugeta Gebregziabher,&nbsp;Lauren Richey,&nbsp;Anbesaw Selassie,&nbsp;Michael Sweat,&nbsp;Rose Kisa,&nbsp;William Musoke,&nbsp;Harriet Chemusto,&nbsp;Esther Buregyeya,&nbsp;Joseph Kb Matovu,&nbsp;Rhoda K Wanyenze","doi":"10.2989/16085906.2021.2000449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2989/16085906.2021.2000449","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Introduction</i>: Heterosexual couples are at high risk for HIV acquisition in sub-Saharan Africa, and HIV self-testing (HST) is an additional approach to expand access to HIV testing services. However, it is not well known how gender equality is associated with HST.<i>Methods</i>: We used intervention-arm data from a cluster-randomised controlled HST intervention trial (<i>N</i> = 1 618) conducted in Uganda to determine the association between attitudes towards intimate partner violence (IPV), decision-making power and male partner's uptake of HST among heterosexual couples expecting a child in south-central Uganda. The original study question was to assess the impact of providing pregnant women with HST kits to improve male partner's HIV testing rates. For this analysis, the primary exposures were gender equality (measured by male partner's and female partner's attitudes towards IPV and the female partner's household decision-making power), and the primary outcome was the male partner's uptake of HST. Multivariate logistic regression was used for analysis.<i>Results</i>: We found that male partner HST uptake did not vary depending on male partner's attitudes towards IPV or decision-making power; however, male partner HST uptake did depend on the female partner's attitude towards IPV, with 1.76 times more testing (95% CI 1.06-2.92) in couples where the woman had \"medium\" versus \"high\" acceptance of IPV, and 1.82 times more testing (95% CI 1.08-3.08) in couples where the woman had \"low\" versus \"high\" acceptance of IPV.<i>Conclusions</i>: This study shows the importance of appropriate negative attitudes by women to IPV in increasing male partner's HST uptake to integrate HST into national health care policies.</p>","PeriodicalId":520548,"journal":{"name":"African journal of AIDS research : AJAR","volume":" ","pages":"287-296"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39723921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}